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<document id="20770C35AB6F782DD514FE62ABCD0C26" ID-CLB-Dataset="24039" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea9ffdde-e6b1-4e98-a8aa-93c6a67591fe" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3667262" ID-ZooBank="76254E06-3555-4C8D-9B25-1DF8BD9C55ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1581671327497" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok &amp; Shin, Mann Kyoon" docDate="2020" docId="03CA9569FFB3FF9365ECF8F0174191B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4732.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4732 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stentor coeruleus Ehrenberg 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="437" masterDocId="FFF3ED11FFB2FF90657BFF8212609332" masterDocTitle="Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea" masterLastPageNumber="452" masterPageNumber="435" pageNumber="436" updateTime="1720384016290" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AEA614A459636FE9FCF76D5E4326C5AD">Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1963B8CBC6B935CF37F33ECE750BC951">Taher, Md Abu</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03CA9569FFB3FF9365ECF8F0174191B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3671742" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162142690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3671742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA9569FFB3FF9365ECF8F0174191B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA9569FFB3FF9365ECF8F0174191B5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB3FF9165ECF8F0109394BE" box="[151,755,1905,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB3FF9165ECF8F0109394BE" blockId="1.[151,755,1905,1968]" box="[151,755,1905,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<heading id="D0949313FFB3FF9165ECF8F0109394BE" bold="true" box="[151,755,1905,1932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C635FFCFFB3FF9165ECF8F0109394BE" ID-CoL="526H5" authority="(Pallas, 1766) Ehrenberg, 1831" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,755,1905,1932]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Stentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB3FF9165ECF8F0109394BE" bold="true" box="[151,755,1905,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB3FF9165ECF8F0130C94BE" bold="true" box="[151,364,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Stentor coeruleus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2598EFFB3FF916400F8F0107394BE" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[379,531,1906,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" refId="ref10577" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum. Petrum van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, 451 pp." type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2598EFFB3FF916759F8F0109394BE" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[546,755,1906,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" pagination="154" refId="ref9283" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831) Uber die Entwickelung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere; nebst ferneren Beitragen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organischen Systeme. Physikalische Abhandlungen der Ko ¨ niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1831, l- 154." type="journal article" year="1831">Ehrenberg, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB3FF9165ECF81413FA9482" box="[151,410,1942,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB3FF9165ECF81413FA9482" blockId="1.[151,755,1905,1968]" box="[151,410,1942,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
(
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB3FF9165E4F814128D9482" box="[159,237,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB3FF916580F814136B9482" box="[251,267,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">2</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6E111C4FFB3FF91646DF81413149482" box="[278,372,1942,1968]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric date for Korean samples of Stentor coeruleus, S. muelleri, and S. tartari." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C74F7FFB9FF9B65ECFF1816D79383" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" tableUuid="DF1C74F7FFB9FF9B65ECFF1816D79383">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6E111C4FFB3FF9164F9F81413F19482" box="[386,401,1942,1968]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[144,232,500,526]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparisons of Stentor congeners." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C74F7FFBEFF9C65EBFE7610E2913C" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" tableUuid="DF1C74F7FFBEFF9C65EBFE7610E2913C">2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB3FF9265ECF85C112B92E1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB3FF9265ECF85C17E092B8" blockId="1.[151,1436,2013,2040]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,575]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB3FF9165ECF85C13EA94CA" bold="true" box="[151,394,2013,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Improved diagnosis:</emphasis>
The Korean
<taxonomicName id="4C635FFCFFB3FF91676CF85C10BA94CA" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[535,730,2014,2040]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Stentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB3FF91676CF85C10BA94CA" box="[535,730,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="436">Stentor coeruleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
population is highly contractile, cell size is 250400 × 105160 µm
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9265BEFF1B13719380" box="[197,273,153,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">in vivo</emphasis>
but can become more than
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF926731FF1B10D09381" box="[586,688,153,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 µm</quantity>
during complete extension. 100239 ×
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF926109FF1A16949381" box="[1138,1268,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="132.5" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="80.0">80185 µm</quantity>
after protargol impregnation. They are trumpet-shaped when completely extended, but freely motile or contracted specimens are inverted pear-shaped. Under low magnification, specimens are blue green in color but at higher magnification cortical granules are reddish brown in the absence of symbiotic algae; a contractile vacuole is present on the left of the oral cavity. 5565 somatic kineties are longitudinally arranged; 2025 peristomial kineties are vertically arranged within adoral zone membranelles; 145165 adoral membranelles comprise the peristome. The moniliform macronucleus is composed of 615 spherical nodules. Micronucleus and lorica were not observed in the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB0FF9265BCFE16112B92E1" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9265BCFE1613A9929D" bold="true" box="[199,457,404,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Locality and habitat:</emphasis>
freshwater pond, Bugokji pond in Samrak-ri, Maam-myeon, Goseong-gun,
<collectingRegion id="49A7EA9DFFB0FF926041FE1713EC92E0" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Gyeongsangnam-do province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37464EFFFB0FF9264ECFE3B13BB92E1" box="[407,475,441,467]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5742B8FFB0FF926491FE3A10E992E1" box="[490,649,440,467]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" precision="1" seconds="35.2" value="35.026443">35°0135.2N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5742B8FFB0FF9267EEFE3A115F92E1" box="[661,831,440,467]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" precision="1" seconds="40.2" value="128.3445">128°2040.2E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB0FF9265BCFE5F1621910C" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB0FF9265BCFE5F1621910C" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9265BCFE5F13FF92C5" bold="true" box="[199,415,476,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Voucher material:</emphasis>
A slide with protargol-stained specimens was deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (
<collectionCode id="ED72BCBAFFB0FF92643EFD8313ED9129" box="[325,397,513,539]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">NIBR</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="49A7EA9DFFB0FF9264D8FD8210609128" box="[419,512,512,538]" country="South Korea" name="Incheon" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Incheon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37464EFFFB0FF926776FD8310349129" box="[525,596,513,539]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Korea</collectingCountry>
, with registration number NIBRPR0000109602. The slide includes many specimens, but the relevant specimens are marked by a black ink circle on the slide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1C74F7FFB0FF9265ECF9D112A095CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" startId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" targetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB0FF9265ECF9D112A095CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1619,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9265ECF9D11373955E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1619,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Line diagrams of
<taxonomicName id="4C635FFCFFB0FF9264B5F9D7102A955E" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[462,586,1620,1644]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Stentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9264B5F9D713BB955E" box="[462,475,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF926493F9D6102A955E" box="[488,586,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">coeruleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E).
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9261EDF9D116CE955E" bold="true" box="[1174,1198,1619,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">A.</emphasis>
A representative specimen;
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9265ABF9FA128895A2" bold="true" box="[208,232,1656,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">B.</emphasis>
Showing cortical granulation;
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF926759F9F5105B95A2" bold="true" box="[546,571,1655,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">C.</emphasis>
Somatic cilia;
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9267AFF9FA116A95A2" bold="true" box="[724,778,1656,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">D, E.</emphasis>
Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB0FF9365BCF8A8174191B5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB0FF9365BCF8A8174191B5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1834,2041]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,647]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB0FF9265BCF8A8133B9477" bold="true" box="[199,347,1834,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Description:</emphasis>
The freely motile cell is inverted pear-shaped and size ranges 250400 ×
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF9261DBF8A817509477" box="[1184,1328,1834,1861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="132.5" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="105.0">105160 µm</quantity>
(on average 325 ×
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF926476F8CC1304945B" box="[269,356,1870,1897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 µm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB0FF926407F8CC13BF945B" box="[380,479,1870,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB0FF926490F8CD106F945B" box="[491,527,1871,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">2B</figureCitation>
). After extension, when cell relaxed, the body looks like trumpet-shaped and size ranges,
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in length and
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF92674BF8F010DF94BF" box="[560,703,1906,1933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="127.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="120.0">120135 µm</quantity>
in width in the peristomial area (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB0FF926143F8F016F194BF" box="[1080,1169,1906,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). The specimens shrink considerably after protargol impregnation, i.e., 100239 ×
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF92664CF81411DA9483" box="[823,954,1942,1969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="2.85" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="182.5" valueMax="285.0" valueMin="80.0">80285 µm</quantity>
(on average 165 ×
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF9261E5F81416979483" box="[1182,1271,1942,1969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="116.0">116 µm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB0FF92606BF81417F79483" box="[1296,1431,1942,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Figs. 1D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB0FF9265ECF83912C594E7" box="[151,165,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">2</figureCitation>
HJ). Greenish (due to limitations of microscope and camera, CG appears greenish-brown in pictures) cortical granules (~
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB0FF926464F85C131094CB" box="[287,368,2014,2041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 µm</quantity>
in diameter) irregularly arranged densely between somatic kineties (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB0FF926107F85C16B894CB" box="[1148,1240,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). The transparent cortex makes cytoplasmic organelles easily identifiable (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF93666BFF1B11D59381" box="[784,949,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 2B, E, G</figureCitation>
). 5565 somatic kineties composed of dikinetids longitudinally arranged parallel to the antero-posterior axis of cell (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9366BCFF3F162793E5" box="[967,1095,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF936129FF3F16EE93E5" box="[1106,1166,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">2D, J</figureCitation>
). Each somatic cilium is
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF9365ECFF63136893C9" box="[151,264,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">1112 µm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF936435FF6313C493C9" box="[334,420,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). One contractile vacuole without any visible collecting canal located left of the buccal cavity about
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF936479FE87132C922D" box="[258,332,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 µm</quantity>
in diameter during diastole (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9367E9FE87108A922D" box="[658,746,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). 2025 peristomial kineties present in the peristomial region (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9365E4FEAB13439271" box="[159,291,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF93644BFEAB130A9271" box="[304,362,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">2C, I</figureCitation>
). The size of the peristomial cilia is similar to that of somatic cilia. The buccal cavity is clearly visible. Adoral zone of membranelles conspicuous, consisting of 145165 membranelles (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF936102FECF16999255" box="[1145,1273,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF936078FECF175C9255" box="[1283,1340,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">2C, I</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone of membranelles surrounding the peristome ends at the buccal cavity (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF936694FEF3161792B9" box="[1007,1143,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1A, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9361F8FEF3168092B9" box="[1155,1248,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">2B, C, I</figureCitation>
). The breadth of adoral membranelles
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF9364FDFE171398929D" box="[390,504,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">1213 µm</quantity>
long, feather-like extension is nearly
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF9366E1FE171185929D" box="[922,997,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 µm</quantity>
. The paroral membrane is typical of the genus, consisted of a single and continuous row of thin cilia,
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF93664CFE3A11C992E1" box="[823,937,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">2035 µm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF936695FE3B162692E1" box="[1006,1094,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Nuclear apparatus comprised of 612 spherical macronuclear nodules and each nodule are connected by macronuclear bridges; nodules are globular (
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF9365BFFD8313599129" box="[196,313,513,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">2022 µm</quantity>
in diameter
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB1FF9364BCFD8010739129" box="[455,531,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">in vivo</emphasis>
) to ellipsoidal (
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF9367B7FD8211219129" box="[716,833,512,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">2530 µm</quantity>
in length), usually located at the mid-body; however, the position of macronuclear nodules is not fixed (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9367BDFDA71145910D" box="[710,805,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF93664AFDA71119910D" box="[817,889,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">2G, H</figureCitation>
). Micronucleus was not observed. Food vacuoles are
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF9365BAFDCB13559151" box="[193,309,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">2030 µm</quantity>
in diameter; contain bacteria and algae (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF93667FFDCB11099151" box="[772,873,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1619,1644]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,596,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,589,1600]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Line diagrams of S. coeruleus from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A. A representative specimen; B. Showing cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D, E. Ventral and dorsal views of the voucher specimens, showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus; AM, adoral membranelles; CG, cortical granules; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A=100 µm, C=10 µm, D, E=50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF93660DFDCB11F99151" box="[886,921,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">2B</figureCitation>
). Lipid droplets
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB1FF93612DFDCA16B89151" box="[1110,1240,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.5">1.53.5 µm</quantity>
in diameter scattered throughout the body (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9364B2FDEF104091B5" box="[457,544,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Holdfast organelle present at the posterior end of the cell (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB1FF9361C4FDEF177591B5" box="[1215,1301,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of S. coeruleus from life (AG) and after protargol impregnation (HJ). A. Showing specimens in extended form, arrowheads indicate macronuclear nodules; B. Ventral view of a representative specimen, arrowheads indicating the oral cavity; C. Indicating buccal ciliature; D. Cortical granulation and somatic cilia; E. Position of contractile vacuole, arrowheads indicating lipid droplets; F. Posterior end of an typical extended specimen, arrows indicating somatic cilia and arrowheads indicating holdfast; G. Section showing macronuclear nodules; H. Ventral views of representative specimens, showing ciliature and nuclear apparatus; arrowheads indicating oral cavity; I. Indicating buccal ciliature, arrowheads indicating oral cavity; J. Basal bodies of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CG, cortical granules; OC, oral cavity; MA, macronuclear nodules; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia, SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=200 μm, B=100 μm, E=50 μm, GJ=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>