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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625220" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bed073a-175c-42e6-bb99-645c99d55b4f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163971021" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625220" ID-ZooBank="C631A347-306E-4773-84A4-E4712329186B" checkinTime="1587984202003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Miller, Jeremy, Griswold, Charles &amp; Yin, Chang" docDate="2009" docId="03ACB915FF94741FFF4E45FBFD15FA90" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1993.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 11 (11)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Theridiosomatidae Simon 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF95C16DFF9F7414FFC2455DFFF1FFB8" masterDocTitle="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1635586667976" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences ,, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yin, Chang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University ,, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-05-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>11</mods:number>
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<mods:start>9</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.11.160</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6bed073a-175c-42e6-bb99-645c99d55b4f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">13132970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576459</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C631A347-306E-4773-84A4-E4712329186B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625220" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163971021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACB915FF94741FFF4E45FBFD15FA90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACB915FF94741FFF4E45FBFD15FA90" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection box="[140,614,166,192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,614,166,192]" box="[140,614,166,192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
<heading box="[140,614,166,192]" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,614,166,192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
Family
<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1881" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1881" box="[229,614,166,192]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,237,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
Theridiosomatid genera were reviewed by
<bibRefCitation author="Coddington JA" box="[620,860,237,264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref45484" refString="Coddington JA (1986 a) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1986">Coddington (1986a)</bibRefCitation>
. Since then, new species have been described but the systematic structure of the family has remained almost unchanged. The only exceptions are found in
<bibRefCitation author="Saaristo MJ" box="[664,850,307,334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref47059" refString="Saaristo MJ (1996) Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles. Phelsuma 4: 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1996">Saaristos (1996)</bibRefCitation>
work, which included the revalidation of
<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1895" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[359,608,343,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Andasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[359,447,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Andasta</emphasis>
Simon, 1895
</taxonomicName>
, reversing
<bibRefCitation author="Coddington JA" box="[732,982,343,370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref45484" refString="Coddington JA (1986 a) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1986">Coddingtons (1986a)</bibRefCitation>
synonymy with
<taxonomicName authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" box="[201,696,378,404]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[201,346,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
O.
<bibRefCitation author="Pickard-Cambridge O" box="[396,696,378,404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="190 - 215" refId="ref46675" refString="Pickard-Cambridge O (1879) On some new and rare British spiders, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 24: 190 - 215, plate 12." type="journal article" year="1879">Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and the creation of the new genus
<taxonomicName authority="Saaristo, 1996" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="1996" box="[140,373,413,439]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,204,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Zoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Saaristo MJ" box="[210,373,413,439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref47059" refString="Saaristo MJ (1996) Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles. Phelsuma 4: 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1996">Saaristo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Coddington JA" box="[384,619,413,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref45484" refString="Coddington JA (1986 a) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1986">Coddington (1986a)</bibRefCitation>
noted that some species groups within
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might warrant generic status but synonymized
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[810,898,448,474]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Andasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[810,898,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Andasta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[962,1107,448,474]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[962,1107,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending further study of the phylogenetic relationships within the group. We have no prejudice about whether such a study would support reciprocally monophyletic clades that could be usefully circumscribed as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[598,686,554,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Andasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[598,686,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Andasta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[747,892,554,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[747,892,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We are critical of Saaristos revalidation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[419,507,589,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Andasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[419,507,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Andasta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a work with narrow geographic focus, rather than as part of a global treatment of the group including a list of species assigned to each genus. A second species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="1996" box="[420,484,660,685]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[420,484,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Zoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the first known male, is described here. The new genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Njiller, Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" box="[267,416,695,721]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Coddingtonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[267,416,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Coddingtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is established to accommodate a remarkable theridiosomatid known only from the female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,237,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
All theridiosomatids except members of the Neotropical genus
<taxonomicName authority="Coddington, 1986" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[890,991,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Chthonos</emphasis>
Coddington, 1986
</taxonomicName>
build orb webs though some are so highly modified as to be hardly recognizable as such. As is typical of members of this genus elsewhere, Gaoligongshan members of
<taxonomicName box="[170,315,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[170,315,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
build an orb that is pulled down into a cone by a tension line held by the spider at the hub (
<figureCitation box="[388,514,906,933]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,985]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[140,1108,164,985]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 7. Webs of theridiosomatid spiders. A, Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from No. 12 Bridge Camp area, juvenile; B, Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from Guocai He at Fucai, juvenile, arrow to spider facing away from hub, tensing radial thread; C, D, Theridiosoma diwang sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve, female. Arrows indicate location of spider." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768787/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName box="[535,634,906,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Ogulnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[535,634,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Ogulnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Gaoligongshan also build orbs that are typical of that genus (
<figureCitation box="[425,545,941,968]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="79.[140,212,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,985]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[140,1108,164,985]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 7. Webs of theridiosomatid spiders. A, Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from No. 12 Bridge Camp area, juvenile; B, Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from Guocai He at Fucai, juvenile, arrow to spider facing away from hub, tensing radial thread; C, D, Theridiosoma diwang sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve, female. Arrows indicate location of spider." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768787/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
): the webs have sparse non-sticky elements, lack a frame, have radii attaching directly to the substrate that join to one another irregularly near the hub, and have a sticky spiral winding in an irregular trajectory.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,237,1320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1046,1072]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis box="[185,307,1046,1072]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[320,530,1047,1073]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiosomatidae</taxonomicName>
are small to minute spiders with short to medium length legs and large male palpal bulbs (
<figureCitation box="[596,688,1082,1108]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="76.[140,212,1294,1316]" captionTargetBox="[137,1111,162,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[137,1111,162,1277]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 4. Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from Guocai He at Fucai. A-D, habitus; E-G, male palp. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, prolateral; F, retrolateral; G, ventral. C: conductor; EA: embolic apophysis; MA: median apophysis; T, tegulum; arrow in D indicates sternal pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3812983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
, 12A). Synapomorphies for the family proposed by
<bibRefCitation author="Coddington JA" box="[325,563,1117,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref45484" refString="Coddington JA (1986 a) The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1986">Coddington (1986a)</bibRefCitation>
are a pair of pits on the anterior margin of the sternum near the labial base (
<figureCitation box="[466,557,1152,1179]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="76.[140,212,1294,1316]" captionTargetBox="[137,1111,162,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[137,1111,162,1277]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 4. Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from Guocai He at Fucai. A-D, habitus; E-G, male palp. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, prolateral; F, retrolateral; G, ventral. C: conductor; EA: embolic apophysis; MA: median apophysis; T, tegulum; arrow in D indicates sternal pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3812983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
; character 41, absent from the Neotropical genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" box="[140,241,1188,1214]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,241,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Chthonos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), connate spermathecae (
<figureCitation box="[532,672,1188,1214]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="83.[140,212,961,983]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,940]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[140,1108,164,940]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 11. A, B, Zoma dibaiyin sp. n. from Pee He; C, D, Wendilgarda muji sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; E, F, Coddingtonia euryopoides sp. n. from Zaotang He at Baihualing village; G-I, Mysmena changouzi sp. n. from from No. 12 Bridge Camp area. A, C, E, G, epigynum, ventral view; B, D, F, I, cleared vulva, dorsal view; H, epigynum, lateral view. Arrow in B indicates lateral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3812987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11B, D</figureCitation>
; character 47), and an elongate dorsal trichobothrium on tibia IV (character 43). These features serve to diagnose the theridiosomatids of the Gaoligongshan, except that the spermathecae of the new genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Njiller, Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Coddingtonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Coddingtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separate (
<figureCitation box="[397,493,1293,1319]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="83.[140,212,961,983]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,940]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[140,1108,164,940]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 11. A, B, Zoma dibaiyin sp. n. from Pee He; C, D, Wendilgarda muji sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; E, F, Coddingtonia euryopoides sp. n. from Zaotang He at Baihualing village; G-I, Mysmena changouzi sp. n. from from No. 12 Bridge Camp area. A, C, E, G, epigynum, ventral view; B, D, F, I, cleared vulva, dorsal view; H, epigynum, lateral view. Arrow in B indicates lateral pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3812987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
) rather than connate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>