946 lines
110 KiB
XML
946 lines
110 KiB
XML
<document id="32CE3016FE48995379D4FDD901109104" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3686.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="61367cbd-6c0b-4248-a91d-1543303508e3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="222662" ID-ZooBank="8597B7A3-060C-4E61-A036-09C1EB351DE8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460648711612" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamxay, Daosavanh, Douangboubpha, Bounsavane, Bumrungsri, Sara, Xayavong, Sysouphanh, Xayaphet, Vilakhan, Satasook, Chutamas & Bates, Paul J. J." docDate="2013" docId="03EB87E49D0BA973FF08F8DFBA30A55B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03686p481.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3686 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Biswamoyopterus laoensis Sanamxay, Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Xayavong, Xayaphet, Satasook & Bates, 2013, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="480" masterDocId="FFD2FF9C9D09A97AFF9FFFC7B844A64F" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of Biswamoyopterus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae: Pteromyini) in Asia, with the description of a new species from Lao PDR" masterLastPageNumber="481" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="473" updateTime="1698337476375" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9FC4C861378697CBB2045D49C2E1BF64" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8AC844C345E698467579AF5B55ED3DE8">
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<mods:title id="BEB7833D62E834D24FF8A58340361369">Rediscovery of Biswamoyopterus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae: Pteromyini) in Asia, with the description of a new species from Lao PDR</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F315BB9CB4573627853A5EF7635FCDC1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5CC2C26A2A69EC50673A013FB0BF3C0E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="15B62BD4D90248D46AA7D97D98B6AB84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="575FCB23023C861DD4C17A2764280EDD">Sanamxay, Daosavanh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9C7D4B96E3A702584B164D25F60FB69D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C08AA7AA5AE5D61F62D95E7D6A7506B0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C1F1430A18E99A18ACCB810A770E42A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6ED58CB1B388BD124FFC83023BCD6C1D">Douangboubpha, Bounsavane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="20948F056E34D3A10ABF47D8D692E2D8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0557BC161A2A323A76BB12673987B104">
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<mods:roleTerm id="57CF0445DC604DCE95E8F31DC864B265">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="106EBDD87EE856F383BF533EBD611046">Bumrungsri, Sara</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="17CA84691CB8AB058B2CD61B9B3B5FC8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="145408527F1CD52AE6D60D6CABEEC29E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BCE2056E66C103D610D91B3E3ABD56F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AA8470C18D7F09B96C1A7829BF3B5997">Xayavong, Sysouphanh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9D8F8CDAE9563B305EB278C25E7EFB5B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0AFBFD019C36BBA3AA2ED977FEA311B4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="90631F800795186FEB988C4DA84F77DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9E48EF9DADDC613AB28A402718DA2CAE">Xayaphet, Vilakhan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="416D7010E73E47D88BBD9D983743F797" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3E285609586A26ACC7291154467B843">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C4A22979556895476677E2A310ECCACC">Satasook, Chutamas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8D21D180475E5E221A8813979E2DA720" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="860C72927A30079680404807178F79A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6807F0119ECF18D17AAC8901985AF117">Bates, Paul J. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9FB39665FA0A660007D880143FE172B4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3356869BC569620887D4B890D24EC0DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5D94BCD56DA48C971CB754F6BC54C7B3">
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<mods:date id="F614B6E1E9068C049ACF33194F618F68">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="796304916AC73201F9390B93B133613D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="95B001A29DA56B8053EF9D7C6944F0D2">3686</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="B5B623D8EA45079F2B2EC7E3D3136F9D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E06DCDC7DE24EAA92DB6A6270B2111FA">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1B52F7D48A736E519ED1B6C1310CC759">471</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7BA5C46F0A6E31C42FFD4A787C8DD096">481</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="EF5AD0E16F1AF5E53B4063DB244F22D8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2841D0DAFC30B29283F5C4C4B581D438" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3686.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="56A4DBB3D0A9800AD9570375705E96E8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A84B79CD7930C9475F50B0FE8C0467CF" type="Zenodo-Dep">222662</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EB87E49D0BA973FF08F8DFBA30A55B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6165378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119572421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6165378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB87E49D0BA973FF08F8DFBA30A55B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87E49D0BA973FF08F8DFBA30A55B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">
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<subSubSection id="C35865799D0BA978FF08F8DFB923A11C" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0BA978FF08F8DFBA5BA17D" blockId="2.[151,543,1816,1875]" box="[151,543,1816,1842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">
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<heading id="D0B5819E9D0BA978FF08F8DFBA5BA17D" bold="true" box="[151,543,1816,1842]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0BA978FF08F8DFBA5BA17D" bold="true" box="[151,543,1816,1842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0BA978FF08F8DFB992A17D" ID-CoL="LX87" box="[151,470,1816,1842]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0BA978FF08F8DFB992A17D" bold="true" box="[151,470,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">Biswamoyopterus laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0BA978FE43F8DFBA5BA17D" box="[476,543,1816,1842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0BA978FF08F8FCB923A11C" blockId="2.[151,543,1816,1875]" box="[151,359,1851,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">
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||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0BA978FF08F8FCB944A11C" box="[151,256,1851,1875]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1940,1963]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1697,1720]" captionTargetBox-0="[250,1325,207,1873]" captionTargetBox-1="[267,1346,204,1888]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1676]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[234,1334,195,1896]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[220,1359,193,1905]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Type localities of the two species of Biswamoyopterus; the black square represents B. biswasi from Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India and the black circle represents B. laoensis n. sp. from Pak Kading District, Bolikhamxai Province, Lao PDR. The grey areas represent (1) Nam Kading NBCA and (2) Khammouan Limestone NBCA." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Views of skin of the holotype, Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). A—Dorsal view; B—Ventral view; C—Head, left lateral view; and D—Ventral view of the left patagium and interfemoral membrane to show the discontinuous black lines. Not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Views of skull, mandible, and dorsal views of left maxillary (above) and left mandibular (below) toothrows of Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). White scale bar for the skull (bottom left) is 20 mm and for the teeth (bottom right) is 5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/222663/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/222664/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/222665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35865799D0BA979FF08F844BB33A70E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0BA978FF08F844BA57A1AC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1922,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0BA978FF08F844B9F9A1D4" bold="true" box="[151,445,1922,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F988509D0BA978FF08F844B896A1D4" box="[151,210,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F988509D0BA978FECFF844B9F9A1D4" box="[336,445,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: FES.MM.12.163 (Field No. DS20120925.11), adult female, skull extracted, dry skin, captured by a hunter, collected from the market by Daosavanh Sanamxay, Sysouphanh Xayavong, and Vilakhan Xayaphet on
|
||
<date id="FFFC10329D0BA978FEB3F80CB98DA1AC" box="[300,457,1995,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="473" value="1925-09">25 September</date>
|
||
, 2012.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA979FF58FF5FBB33A70E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0AA979FF58FF5FB936A6FF" bold="true" box="[199,370,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F988509D0AA979FF58FF5FB946A6FF" box="[199,258,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Collected from Thongnami market, Ban (village) Thongnami, Pak Kading District, Bolikhamxai Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0AA979FE37FF7AB997A69B" box="[424,467,189,212]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7650359D0AA979FDB8FF7BBAF2A69B" box="[551,694,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" precision="1" value="18.1717">18°10.302'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7650359D0AA979FD59FF7BBB19A69B" box="[710,861,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" precision="1" value="104.23525">104°14.115'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0AA979FCEFFF7BBBF1A69B" box="[880,949,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[250,1325,207,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[234,1334,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type localities of the two species of Biswamoyopterus; the black square represents B. biswasi from Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India and the black circle represents B. laoensis n. sp. from Pak Kading District, Bolikhamxai Province, Lao PDR. The grey areas represent (1) Nam Kading NBCA and (2) Khammouan Limestone NBCA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222663/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its actual place of origin is not known. However, most of the ‘bush-meat’ sold in this market is sourced from two NBCAs (National Biodiversity Conservation Areas) namely Nam Kading
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED53AE379D0AA979FDE7FEC3BA8CA753" box="[632,712,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">NBCA</collectionCode>
|
||
, which is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FCE0FEC3BBFDA753" box="[895,953,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
Northeast of Thongnami and Khammouan Limestone
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED53AE379D0AA979FE8BFEEEB921A70E" box="[276,357,297,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">NBCA</collectionCode>
|
||
, which is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FD85FEEEBA25A70E" box="[538,609,297,321]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
Southeast of the village.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35865799D0AA979FF58FE8ABC03A7C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA979FF58FE8ABC03A7C6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0AA979FF58FE8AB90AA72A" bold="true" box="[199,334,333,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is derived from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0AA979FDE3FE89BAECA72A" box="[636,680,334,357]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR, the country where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F988509D0AA979FC72FE89BC59A729" box="[1005,1053,334,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was collected and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0AA979FAFBFE89BDD8A72A" box="[1380,1436,334,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">ensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Latin for ‘belonging to’). Its proposed English name ‘Laotian giant flying squirrel’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35865799D0AA979FF58FE52BD30A59C" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA979FF58FE52BD30A59C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0AA979FF58FE52B905A7E1" bold="true" box="[199,321,405,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a large flying squirrel (a head and body length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FC49FE51BC73A7E1" box="[982,1079,406,430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="455.0">455 mm</quantity>
|
||
, a tail length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FB6DFE51BD17A7E1" box="[1266,1363,406,430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="620.0">620 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and a body mass of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FEAEFE7DB9FCA79D" box="[305,440,442,466]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="g" value="1800.0">1800 grams</quantity>
|
||
). The tail is cylindrical, not distichous and is entirely black from its tip to the outer border of the well developed interfemoral membrane, with the exception of a small patch of grey hairs adjacent to the membrane on the under-surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0AA979FD94FDC5BA14A455" box="[523,592,514,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[267,1346,204,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[220,1359,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Views of skin of the holotype, Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). A—Dorsal view; B—Ventral view; C—Head, left lateral view; and D—Ventral view of the left patagium and interfemoral membrane to show the discontinuous black lines. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222664/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal pelage is an admixture of dark reddish brown and black hairs, variably grizzled with whitish-grey. The ventral pelage is orange intermixed with grey. The upper surface of each patagium is thickly haired, comparable in colour to the upper body but with significantly less grizzling; the underside is sparsely covered in orange hairs and with numerous, clearly defined, discontinuous black lines; these lines are also present on the underside of the interfemoral membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0AA979FC41FD54BC6CA4E4" box="[990,1064,659,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[267,1346,204,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[220,1359,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Views of skin of the holotype, Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). A—Dorsal view; B—Ventral view; C—Head, left lateral view; and D—Ventral view of the left patagium and interfemoral membrane to show the discontinuous black lines. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222664/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ears are dark grey/black, virtually naked but with tufts of long black hairs at the base of the anterior and posterior margins; a small tuft of hairs is also present beneath the mid-part of the ear, posterior to the posterior margin of the eye. The skull is large with an occipital nasal length (ONL) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FDCAFCC7BAFFA557" box="[597,699,768,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.44" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="74.4">74.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The tympanic bullae are large and closely aligned to one another, with a narrow basiocciput (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0AA979FE79FCE3BA74A573" box="[486,560,804,828]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1697,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Views of skull, mandible, and dorsal views of left maxillary (above) and left mandibular (below) toothrows of Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). White scale bar for the skull (bottom left) is 20 mm and for the teeth (bottom right) is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222665/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); their internal structure includes numerous (12) septae in a complex honeycomb pattern. The anterior tips of the nasals are virtually straight, not rounded. The upper and lower incisors are yellow on their anterior surface, not pigmented with orange. In the cheekteeth, P3 is relatively well developed and P4 slightly exceeds M
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FE26FC53B999A5E0" box="[441,477,916,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
size. Both M1 and M2 have two well developed cusps on the labial side and one large and one smaller cusp on the lingual side; an additional smaller cusp is present on the posterior transverse ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35865799D0AA972FF58FC18BA55A100" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA979FF58FC18B936A2BA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0AA979FF58FC18B91FA5B7" bold="true" box="[199,347,991,1016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
This is a large flying squirrel (Table 1), the upper surface of which is predominantly an admixture of dark reddish brown and black hairs, variably grizzled with whitish-grey. Individual hairs are variable in colour but usually comprise the following components: metallic-ash at the base for up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FB01FBEFBCABA20F" box="[1182,1263,1064,1088]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, reddish brown in the mid-part for about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FE27FB8BBA4FA22B" box="[440,523,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and a black tip of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FCAFFB8BBB31A22B" box="[816,885,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. A distinctive whitish-grey band, some
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0AA979FAA3FB8BBD3AA22B" box="[1340,1406,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, is present in hairs that reside in areas of the upper surface that are extensively grizzled. These areas of extensive grizzling include the crown of the head, on the upper back, and on the rump extending on to the base of the tail—that part of the tail which is contained within the interfemoral membrane. There is also some grizzling on the upper forearms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA979FF58FAC6B883A3E4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">The upper surface of each patagium, which is thickly haired, is comparable in colour to the body but has little or no grizzling. The upper surface of the interfemoral membrane is also well haired, especially adjacent to the tail; except in the region of the tail, it is covered in deep reddish brown hairs. The fore- and hind-feet are covered in black hairs on their upper surface and dark pads on their under surface. The claws form a half circle with very sharp tips.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA979FF58FA70B96CA111" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">
|
||
The ventral pelage is pale orange (peanut butter colour) with white tips to some hairs. On the midline of the body and chest it is dark orange with metallic-ash bases and white tips. The throat is grey and the chin has a dark metallic-ash coloured patch. The anterior margin of the forearms is black, the colour extending to the forefeet, wrist, pro-patagium and styliform cartilage. The undersides of the patagia are more sparsely covered in orange hairs and are marked with numerous, clearly defined, discontinuous black lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0AA979FBAFF98FBC32A02F" box="[1072,1142,1608,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[267,1346,204,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[220,1359,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Views of skin of the holotype, Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). A—Dorsal view; B—Ventral view; C—Head, left lateral view; and D—Ventral view of the left patagium and interfemoral membrane to show the discontinuous black lines. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222664/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). These lines are stronger and even more clearly defined on the underside of the interfemoral membrane. The lateral margins of the patagia and the interfemoral membrane have a well developed fringe of dark, blackish hairs, above and below. These hairs are metallic-ash at their bases, gradually darkening towards the tip. The interfemoral membrane is relatively large; it is connected to about one third of the basal part of the tail. The tail is cylindrical, not distichous, and is entirely black from its tip to the outer border of the interfemoral membrane, with the exception of a small patch of grey on the underside, adjacent to the membrane. The individual hairs are black at the tip and grey basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0AA97EFF58F8ADB9F8A69B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2032]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="3" pageNumber="474">On the head, the ears are predominantly black and denuded of hairs. Small tufts of long black hairs are present at the base of the anterior and posterior margins of each ear and at the base of the ear. The eyes are ringed with a narrow band of black hairs, which extends posteriorly to the anterior base of the ear and anteriorly on to the nose. There is a patch of reddish brown above each eye. The cheeks are a variable black, deep red and grizzled whitishgrey in colour. The upper surface of the head is strongly grizzled in silver-grey. Three pairs of mammae occur on the distal part of the belly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0DA97EFF08FEC3BB01A40C" blockId="4.[151,1436,260,579]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFF08FEC3B956A753" bold="true" box="[151,274,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Body Mass (in grams) and external and skull measurements (in mm) of two species of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0DA97EFF08FEE2B910A773" box="[151,340,293,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFF08FEE2B910A773" box="[151,340,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Biswamoyopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0DA97EFEF8FEE2B9A6A773" box="[359,482,293,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFEF8FEE2B9A6A773" box="[359,482,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0DA97EFE72FEE3BA6AA773" box="[493,558,292,316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFE72FEE3BA6AA773" bold="true" box="[493,558,292,316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0DA97EFDE4FEE3BAE0A774" box="[635,676,292,315]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0DA97EFCBDFEE2BBD2A773" box="[802,918,293,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFCBDFEE2BBD2A773" box="[802,918,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0DA97EFC7EFEE3BC5CA774" box="[993,1048,292,315]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D0DA97EFBB4FEE3BCE8A774" author="Saha" box="[1067,1196,292,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" refString="Saha, S. S. (1981) A new genus and a new species of flying squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Northeastern India. Bulletin Zoological Survey of India, 4, 331 - 336." type="journal article" year="1981">Saha, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For definitions, see Methods: M—body mass; HB—head and body length; T—tail length, not including hairs; HF—hindfoot length; E—ear length; ONL—occipitonasal length (= greatest length of skull); CBL—condylobasal length; MB—mastoid breadth; ZB—zygomatic breadth; ZH—zygomatic height; BB—breadth of braincase; BH—braincase height; RB—rostrum breadth; NL—nasal length; MWN—maximum width of nasals bone; IOB—interorbital breadth; POB—postorbital breadth; LIF—length of incisive foramina; LBP—length of bony palate; PPL—postpalatal length; LAB—length of auditory bulla; WAAM—width of auditory bullae across external auditory maeti; IBG—inter bullae gap; P3–M3—upper toothrow length; M2–M2—greatest palatal breadth; M1–M1—width of bony palate at first upper molar; P4–M3—lower toothrow length; ML—mandible length; MH—mandible height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0DA97EFF00FDB9BC1FA102" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<table id="F942C4529D0D5685FF00FD98BD62A102" box="[159,1318,607,1869]" gridcols="3" gridrows="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FD98BD62A4DB" box="[159,1318,607,660]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FD98B945A4DB" box="[159,257,607,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FD98BB4FA4DB" box="[492,779,607,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0DA97EFE73FDA7BA18A43A" box="[492,604,607,629]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFE73FDA7BA18A43A" box="[492,604,607,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0DA97EFDFDFDA7BADFA43A" box="[610,667,608,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFDFDFDA7BADFA43A" bold="true" box="[610,667,608,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(holotype)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FD98BD62A4DB" box="[1102,1318,607,660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0DA97EFBD1FDA7BCF2A43A" box="[1102,1206,607,629]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0DA97EFBD1FDA7BCF2A43A" box="[1102,1206,607,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FD6FBD62A4A9" box="[159,1318,680,742]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FD6FB945A4A9" box="[159,257,680,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">M HB</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FD6FBB4FA4A9" box="[492,779,680,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">1800 455</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FD6FBD62A4A9" box="[1102,1318,680,742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">– 405</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FD3DBD62A52D" box="[159,1318,762,866]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FD3DB945A52D" box="[159,257,762,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">T HF E</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FD3DBB4FA52D" box="[492,779,762,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">620 74.5 52.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FD3DBD62A52D" box="[1102,1318,762,866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">605 78.0 46.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FCB1BD62A5C4" box="[159,1318,886,907]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FCB1B945A5C4" box="[159,257,886,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">ONL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FCB1BB4FA5C4" box="[492,779,886,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">74.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FCB1BD62A5C4" box="[1102,1318,886,907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">72.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FC67BD62A5FA" box="[159,1318,928,949]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FC67B945A5FA" box="[159,257,928,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">CBL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FC67BB4FA5FA" box="[492,779,928,949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">70.99</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FC67BD62A5FA" box="[1102,1318,928,949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">70.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FC0EBD62A591" box="[159,1318,969,990]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FC0EB945A591" box="[159,257,969,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">MB</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FC0EBB4FA591" box="[492,779,969,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">30.79</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FC0EBD62A591" box="[1102,1318,969,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FC35BD62A27E" box="[159,1318,1010,1073]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FC35B945A27E" box="[159,257,1010,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">ZB ZH</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FC35BB4FA27E" box="[492,779,1010,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">47.72 4.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FC35BD62A27E" box="[1102,1318,1010,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">47.5 –</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FB82BD62A215" box="[159,1318,1093,1114]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FB82B945A215" box="[159,257,1093,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">BB</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FB82BB4FA215" box="[492,779,1093,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">32.84</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FB82BD62A215" box="[1102,1318,1093,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FBA9BD62A2CB" box="[159,1318,1134,1156]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FBA9B945A2CB" box="[159,257,1134,1156]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">BH</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FBA9BB4FA2CB" box="[492,779,1134,1156]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">22.55</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FBA9BD62A2CB" box="[1102,1318,1134,1156]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FB5FBD62A299" box="[159,1318,1176,1238]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FB5FB945A299" box="[159,257,1176,1238]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">RB NL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FB5FBB4FA299" box="[492,779,1176,1238]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">17.04 22.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FB5FBD62A299" box="[1102,1318,1176,1238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">– 20.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FB2CBD62A366" box="[159,1318,1259,1321]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FB2CB945A366" box="[159,257,1259,1321]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">MWN IOB</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FB2CBB4FA366" box="[492,779,1259,1321]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">13.37 14.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FB2CBD62A366" box="[1102,1318,1259,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">– 19.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FAFABD62A31D" box="[159,1318,1341,1362]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FAFAB945A31D" box="[159,257,1341,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">POB</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FAFABB4FA31D" box="[492,779,1341,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">17.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FAFABD62A31D" box="[1102,1318,1341,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FAA1BD62A333" box="[159,1318,1382,1404]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FAA1B945A333" box="[159,257,1382,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">LIF</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FAA1BB4FA333" box="[492,779,1382,1404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">5.85</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FAA1BD62A333" box="[1102,1318,1382,1404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FA57BD62A3EA" box="[159,1318,1424,1445]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FA57B945A3EA" box="[159,257,1424,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">LBP</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FA57BB4FA3EA" box="[492,779,1424,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">23.83</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FA57BD62A3EA" box="[1102,1318,1424,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FA7EBD62A381" box="[159,1318,1465,1486]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FA7EB945A381" box="[159,257,1465,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">PPL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FA7EBB4FA381" box="[492,779,1465,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">28.77</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FA7EBD62A381" box="[1102,1318,1465,1486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00FA25BD62A005" box="[159,1318,1506,1610]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00FA25B945A005" box="[159,257,1506,1610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">LAB WAAM IBG</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73FA25BB4FA005" box="[492,779,1506,1610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">17.33 35.96 5.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1FA25BD62A005" box="[1102,1318,1506,1610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">15.5 – –</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00F999BD62A16C" box="[159,1318,1630,1827]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00F999B945A16C" box="[159,257,1630,1827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">P3–M3 M2–M2 M1–M1 P4–M3 ML</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73F999BB4FA16C" box="[492,779,1630,1827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">16.33 19.37 8.05 15.33 45.36</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1F999BD62A16C" box="[1102,1318,1630,1827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">15.5 – – – –</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357234B09D0D5685FF00F8F0BD62A102" box="[159,1318,1847,1869]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<th id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FF00F8F0B945A102" box="[159,257,1847,1869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">MH</th>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FE73F8F0BB4FA102" box="[492,779,1847,1869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">29.78</td>
|
||
<td id="76A35DCC9D0D5685FBD1F8F0BD62A102" box="[1102,1318,1847,1869]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3D667A9D0CA97FFF08F85BBA67A1BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" targetBox="[267,1346,204,1888]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0CA97FFF08F85BBA67A1BF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1948,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0CA97FFF08F85BB957A1FD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1948,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Views of skin of the holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0CA97FFDCAF859BB27A1FC" box="[597,867,1949,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0CA97FFDCAF859BB27A1FC" box="[597,867,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Biswamoyopterus laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0CA97FFCF5F85ABBE0A1FD" box="[874,932,1949,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0CA97FFCF5F85ABBE0A1FD" bold="true" box="[874,932,1949,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(FES.MM.12.163). A—Dorsal view; B—Ventral view; C—Head, left lateral view; and D—Ventral view of the left patagium and interfemoral membrane to show the discontinuous black lines. Not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3D667A9D0FA97CFF08F966B9C1A0BA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222665/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1676]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0FA97CFF08F966B9C1A0BA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1697,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0FA97CFF08F966B951A0F8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1697,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Views of skull, mandible, and dorsal views of left maxillary (above) and left mandibular (below) toothrows of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0FA97CFF08F905B9E3A098" box="[151,423,1729,1751]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0FA97CFF08F905B9E3A098" box="[151,423,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Biswamoyopterus laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0FA97CFE2FF906B9A8A099" box="[432,492,1729,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0FA97CFE2FF906B9A8A099" bold="true" box="[432,492,1729,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(FES.MM.12.163). White scale bar for the skull (bottom left) is 20 mm and for the teeth (bottom right) is 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0FA97DFF58F8E5B9C8A69B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1826,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
|
||
The skull is large with an occipito-nasal length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0FA97CFD63F8E5BB27A175" box="[764,867,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.44" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="74.4">74.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. When viewed in lateral profile, it is relatively flat with a low braincase. The orbital regions are large. In lateral view, the zygomatic arches are low and the jugal bone is not greatly expanded anteriorly; when viewed from above, the zygomata are broad, especially posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D0FA97CFAF1F8ADB8E3A1E9" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1697,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Views of skull, mandible, and dorsal views of left maxillary (above) and left mandibular (below) toothrows of Biswamoyopterus laoensis n. sp. (FES. MM. 12.163). White scale bar for the skull (bottom left) is 20 mm and for the teeth (bottom right) is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222665/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rostrum is short and wide and the anterior borders of the nasals are nearly straight, not strongly rounded. The interorbital region is narrower than the postorbital region and the frontal depression is deep and well developed anteriorly; there is a pair of large swellings near the midline at the posterior end of the frontal. The postorbital processes are large but relatively short, with a mean length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0EA97DFCEFFF50BB88A6E0" box="[880,972,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Temporal ridges are present but do not connect to each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA97DFF58FF18BCC7A7E0" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">The squamosal is in broad contact with the anterior, upper part of each bulla, where it forms a broad shelf roofing the dorsal region of the bulla. The mastoid regions are very small and mastoid process is undeveloped. The tympanic (auditory) bullae are very large, thick and opaque. Within each bulla, the septae form a complex, honeycomb pattern. The anterior palatine foramina are well developed. The anterior border of the pterygoid fossa is posterior to the posterior borders of M3-M3. The pterygoids are large, robust, and curve towards the anterior base of the bullae. The basioccipital is relatively narrow with a prominent ridge in the midline.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA97DFF58FE7DBD43A7B8" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">The coronoid process of each half mandible is well developed; the condylar process has a large dorsal articular surface; the post-condylar process is absent. The angular process is large and downwardly projecting.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA97DFF58FDC4BA4CA507" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
In the dentition, the upper incisors are almost proodont. The anterior surface of each tooth is yellow, not pigmented with orange, and there is a deep groove on the inner margin. The small upper premolar (P3) is relatively well developed and is situated in a notch in the anterior border of the second upper premolar (P4). This latter tooth is large and slightly exceeds M
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D0EA97DFE6DFDB3BA53A4C0" box="[498,535,628,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
size. P4 has three well defined cusps on the labial side and one large cusp on the lingual side; there is an additional small cusp present in the mid-part of the posterior transverse ridge. Both the first and second upper molars (M1 and M2) have two well-developed cusps on the labial side and one large and one smaller cusp on the lingual side; they also have an additional smaller cusp on the posterior transverse ridge. The third upper molar (M3) has one cusp on the labial side and a well-developed cusp on the lingual; the posterior part of the tooth is sharply laminated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA97DFF58FC92BD6AA263" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">In the lower dentition, the incisor is yellow (similar to the upper incisor). The first premolar (P4) is subequal in size to the first molar (M1). It has two cusps on both the labial and lingual sides; the anterior lingual cusp is the largest and there is an indistinct cusplet attached to it posteriorly; there is also a small cusplet on the labial side set between, and slightly internal to, the anterior and posterior cusps. The first and second lower molars (M1 and M2) are essentially similar to P4 but are larger and M2 has a less well developed posterior lingual cusp. The third lower molar (M3) is more elongated and larger than M1 and M2 and without a posterior cusp on the lingual side.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA97DFF58FBFDB954A2D5" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFF58FBFDB929A21C" bold="true" box="[199,365,1082,1107]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFEE2FBFBBAF5A21C" box="[381,689,1083,1107]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFEE2FBFBBAF5A21C" box="[381,689,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Biswamoyopterus laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0EA97DFD5EFBFCBB4DA21C" box="[705,777,1083,1107]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFD5EFBFCBB4DA21C" bold="true" box="[705,777,1083,1107]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the second species described for the genus. It is distinguished from all other flying squirrels, with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFCE3FBA7BBABA238" box="[892,1007,1119,1143]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFCE3FBA7BBABA238" box="[892,1007,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its distinct combination of generic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA97DFF58FB60BA3BA108" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Superficially, it is most similar in size, colouration and morphology to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFBA4FB6FBCF4A2F0" box="[1083,1200,1192,1215]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFBA4FB6FBCF4A2F0" box="[1083,1200,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFA18FB6FB95AA2AC" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFA18FB6FB95AA2AC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. philippensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFEDAFB0CB935A2AD" box="[325,369,1227,1250]" name="Laos" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR. However, externally it differs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFC80FB0BBBCCA2AC" box="[799,904,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">inter alia</emphasis>
|
||
) by having ears denuded of long hairs and the ventral surface of the patagium being marked with numerous, clearly defined, discontinuous black lines. In the skull, it has relatively much larger tympanic bullae and a distinctly narrower basiocciput compared to all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFF08FAFFB948A300" box="[151,268,1336,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFF08FAFFB948A300" box="[151,268,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The internal structure of the bullae is also different. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFC10FAFFBC4FA300" box="[911,1035,1335,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFC10FAFFBC4FA300" box="[911,1035,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0EA97DFB8BFAF0BC10A300" box="[1044,1108,1335,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB8BFAF0BC10A300" bold="true" box="[1044,1108,1335,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the septae within the bullae form a complex honeycomb pattern whilst those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFD49FA9BBB0EA33C" box="[726,842,1372,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFD49FA9BBB0EA33C" box="[726,842,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have four or fewer septae. In the dentition, the upper and lower incisors are yellow rather than the typical orange-red found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFB90FA47BCC0A3D8" box="[1039,1156,1408,1431]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB90FA47BCC0A3D8" box="[1039,1156,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the cheekteeth are simplified and strongly cuspidate, not wrinkled and sculptured as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFC01FA63BC5EA3F4" box="[926,1050,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFC01FA63BC52A3F4" box="[926,1046,1444,1467]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petaurista</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, in order to rule out any possibility that this species had been described before under a name applied incorrectly to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFB6FFA0FBD21A390" box="[1264,1381,1480,1503]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB6FFA0FBD21A390" box="[1264,1381,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFEB2FA2BB9ECA04C" box="[301,424,1515,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFEB2FA2BB9ECA04C" box="[301,424,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0EA97DFE31FA2CB9A9A04C" box="[430,493,1515,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFE31FA2CB9A9A04C" bold="true" box="[430,493,1515,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were compared with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F988509D0EA97DFC97FA2CBB7CA04C" box="[776,824,1515,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">type</typeStatus>
|
||
descriptions of the sixteen taxa currently referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFA18FA2BB94DA068" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petaurista">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFA18FA2BB94DA068" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFEA2F9D7B9A4A068" box="[317,480,1551,1575]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFEA2F9D7B9A4A068" box="[317,480,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. philippensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D0EA97DFE71F9C8BA9AA068" author="Corbet" box="[494,734,1551,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A Systematic Review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 488 pp." type="book" year="1992">Corbet and Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D0EA97DFD76F9C8BC0BA068" author="Thorington" box="[745,1103,1551,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Thorington, R. W. Jr. & Hoffmann, R. S. (2005) Family Sciuridae. In: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.), Mammal species of the world: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3 rd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 754 - 818." type="book chapter" year="2005">Thorington and Hoffmann 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which were named from the Indochinese Division (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D0EA97DFE42F9F5BA8BA005" author="Corbet" box="[477,719,1586,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A Systematic Review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 488 pp." type="book" year="1992">Corbet and Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, page 4).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFCA2F9F3BB8EA004" box="[829,970,1588,1611]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petaurista">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFCA2F9F3BB8EA004" box="[829,970,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. petaurista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFB9DF9F3BCE1A004" box="[1026,1189,1587,1611]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB9DF9F3BCE1A004" box="[1026,1189,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. philippensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were selected as they are essentially similar in size to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFD99F99FBAC7A020" box="[518,643,1623,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFD99F99FBAC7A020" box="[518,643,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0EA97DFD14F990BA8FA020" box="[651,715,1623,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFD14F990BA8FA020" bold="true" box="[651,715,1623,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; a third species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFC11F99FBC44A020" box="[910,1024,1623,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFC11F99FBC44A020" box="[910,1024,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was omitted since it is significantly smaller. For
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFEBBF9BBB9FDA0DC" box="[292,441,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFEBBF9BBB9F0A0DC" box="[292,436,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petaurista">P. petaurista</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
descriptions of the following taxa were compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFBB0F9BBBCEEA0DC" box="[1071,1194,1659,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFBB0F9BBBCEEA0DC" box="[1071,1194,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0EA97DFB2EF9BCBCB4A0DC" box="[1201,1264,1659,1683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB2EF9BCBCB4A0DC" bold="true" box="[1201,1264,1659,1683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFA9FF9BCBD11A0DC" box="[1280,1365,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">barroni</emphasis>
|
||
Kloss from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFF49F958B979A0F8" box="[214,317,1695,1719]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFED4F958B9FFA0F8" box="[331,443,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">candidula</emphasis>
|
||
Wroughton and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFDE3F958BA83A0F8" box="[636,711,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">taylori</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFCEDF967BB98A0F7" box="[882,988,1696,1720]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFB83F967BC85A0F8" box="[1052,1217,1695,1719]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB83F967BC85A0F8" box="[1052,1217,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">P. philippensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the taxa included:
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFF08F904B8B7A094" box="[151,243,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">hainana</emphasis>
|
||
Allen,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFEDBF904B9D6A094" box="[324,402,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
Allen and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFD93F903BAB8A095" authority="Anderson" authorityName="Anderson" box="[524,764,1730,1755]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yunanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFD93F903BACDA094" box="[524,649,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">yunanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Anderson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFCA0F905BBC1A095" box="[831,901,1730,1754]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFC0FF903BC4DA094" box="[912,1033,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">cineraceus</emphasis>
|
||
Blyth,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFBC4F904BC86A094" box="[1115,1218,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">mergulus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFAAFF903BDD8A094" box="[1328,1436,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">primrosei</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFE9FF920B905A0B0" box="[256,321,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">reguli</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFE7BF92FBA01A0B0" box="[484,581,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">venningi</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFD72F92FBB19A14F" box="[749,861,1768,1792]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFCF5F920BBDFA0B0" box="[874,923,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">lylei</emphasis>
|
||
Bonhote and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFBA5F920BCD8A0B0" box="[1082,1180,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">stockleyi</emphasis>
|
||
Carter from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFAAEF920BDDCA0B0" box="[1329,1432,1767,1791]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFF59F8CBB90EA16C" box="[198,330,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas,
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFE25F8CCBA5FA16C" box="[442,539,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">badiatus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas and
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFD2CF8CCBABFA16C" box="[691,763,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">miloni</emphasis>
|
||
Bourret from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D0EA97DFC03F8CDBBBAA16D" box="[924,1022,1802,1826]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In all cases,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFB0AF8CBBD54A16C" box="[1173,1296,1803,1827]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB0AF8CBBD54A16C" box="[1173,1296,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D0EA97DFA88F8CCBD12A16C" box="[1303,1366,1803,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFA88F8CCBD12A16C" bold="true" box="[1303,1366,1803,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could be distinguished by one or more characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D0EA972FF58F895BCEFA7B8" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2009]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
The structure of the cheekteeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFDC4F893BB66A124" box="[603,802,1876,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFDC4F893BB66A124" box="[603,802,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Biswamoyopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differentiates the genus from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFB25F893BDDCA125" authority="Heude" authorityName="Heude" box="[1210,1432,1874,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Trogopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFB25F893BD05A124" box="[1210,1345,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Trogopterus</emphasis>
|
||
Heude
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a highly complex cusp pattern as well as a greatly enlarged P4; this latter character is shared with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFF7FF858B980A1FA" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[224,452,1949,1974]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Eupetaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFF7FF858B925A1F9" box="[224,353,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Eupetaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pelage of which is extraordinarily woolly. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFBC2F858BD0AA1FA" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[1117,1358,1949,1974]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Pteromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFBC2F858BCAFA1F9" box="[1117,1259,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pteromyscus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D0EA97DFF4FF805B9D3A196" box="[208,407,1986,2009]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D0EA97DFF4FF805B9D3A196" box="[208,407,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Biswamoyopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the character of larger tympanic bullae but the cusp pattern of the cheekteeth is once again more complex, P3 is small or sometimes absent, the tail is distichous and not cylindrical, and there is no interfemoral membrane. These latter two characters are shared with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FB82FF78BCFFA698" authority="Allen" authorityName="Allen" box="[1053,1211,191,215]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Aeretes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB82FF78BC34A698" box="[1053,1136,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Aeretes</emphasis>
|
||
Allen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which additionally has upper incisors that are orange, cheekteeth that are complex, and tympanic bullae with three septae, not numerous septae in a honeycomb pattern as observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FC82FECFBBDEA750" box="[797,922,263,287]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FC82FECFBBDEA750" box="[797,922,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FC3DFEC0BBA7A750" box="[930,995,263,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FC3DFEC0BBA7A750" bold="true" box="[930,995,263,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The tails of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FBE8FECFBD5BA750" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[1143,1311,263,287]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Iomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FBE8FECFBCFEA750" box="[1143,1210,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Iomys</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FAB3FEC0B8B0A70D" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Hylopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FAB3FEC0BDD8A750" box="[1324,1436,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Hylopetes</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE99FEEBB9A2A70D" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[262,486,298,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE99FEEBB93EA70C" box="[262,378,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Petinomys</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FDB0FEECBB50A70D" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[559,788,298,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Petaurillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FDB0FEECBAEFA70C" box="[559,683,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Petaurillus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctly distichous and there is no interfemoral membrane. However, the cheekteeth are more cuspidate and share some of the characters observed in
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FF08FEB3B921A7C4" box="[151,357,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FF08FEB3B926A7C4" box="[151,354,372,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Biswamoyopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The tympanic bullae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FDE8FEB3BAFEA7C4" box="[631,698,372,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Iomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FDE8FEB3BAFEA7C4" box="[631,698,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Iomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD6FFEB4BB24A7C4" box="[752,864,371,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Hylopetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD6FFEB4BB24A7C4" box="[752,864,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Hylopetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in particular are significantly smaller than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FF08FE5FB921A7E0" box="[151,357,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FF08FE5FB925A7E0" box="[151,353,408,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Biswamoyopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a character shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD1BFE50BB9CA7E0" authority="Robinson and Kloss" authorityName="Robinson and Kloss" box="[644,984,407,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Aeromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD1BFE50BAA1A7E0" box="[644,741,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Aeromys</emphasis>
|
||
Robinson and Kloss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which like the other two genera has a significantly broader basiocciput than that seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD4BFE7BBBDFA79C" box="[724,923,444,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD4BFE7BBBDFA79C" box="[724,923,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Biswamoyopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a much less complex structure of septae within the bullae. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE4BFE18BA71A7B8" box="[468,565,479,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Aeromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE4BFE18BA71A7B8" box="[468,565,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Aeromys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FDEBFE27BB06A7B8" box="[628,834,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FDEBFE27BB7AA7B8" box="[628,830,480,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Biswamoyopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has yellow, not orange incisors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D01A972FF58FDC4BC31A5CC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
In comparison to
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE12FDC3BAF3A454" box="[397,695,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE12FDC3BAF7A454" box="[397,691,515,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">Biswamoyopterus biswasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the only other species known within the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FB46FDC3BD11A454" box="[1241,1365,515,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB46FDC3BD11A454" box="[1241,1365,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FAC3FDC4BDDFA454" box="[1372,1435,515,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FAC3FDC4BDDFA454" bold="true" box="[1372,1435,515,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is essentially similar in size externally (HB:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FD1AFDE0BAA7A470" box="[645,739,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="455.0">455 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Tail:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FCB7FDE0BBC2A470" box="[808,902,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="620.0">620 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and Ear:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FC69FDE0BC00A470" box="[1014,1092,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FBF9FDEFBCA5A470" box="[1126,1249,551,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FBF9FDEFBCA5A470" box="[1126,1249,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus HB: 405, Tail:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FF4DFD8DB974A42D" box="[210,304,586,610]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="605.0">605 mm</quantity>
|
||
and Ear:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FE3EFD8DB9B5A42D" box="[417,497,586,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD88FD8BBAC8A42C" box="[535,652,587,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD88FD8BBAC8A42C" box="[535,652,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Table 1) but differs in most aspects of pelage colour. This is most apparent in a comparison of the ventral pelage, which is illustrated and described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D01A972FBCAFDA8B89FA4E5" author="Saha" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Saha, S. S. (1981) A new genus and a new species of flying squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Northeastern India. Bulletin Zoological Survey of India, 4, 331 - 336." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="p">Saha (1981, p. 333 and Plate VI B)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D01A972FEE1FD55BA4DA4E5" author="Saha" box="[382,521,658,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Saha, S. S. (1981) A new genus and a new species of flying squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Northeastern India. Bulletin Zoological Survey of India, 4, 331 - 336." type="journal article" year="1981">Saha (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the underside of the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FCCBFD53BB83A4E4" box="[852,967,659,683]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FCCBFD53BB83A4E4" box="[852,967,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is white with the hairs having pearly grey bases. Each patagium is also white below but washed with a faint orange-rufous; the underside of the interfemoral membrane is white with a band of pale
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D01A972FDC5FD1CBAFBA4BD" box="[602,703,731,754]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
red near the margin; the margin is grizzled with grey and white, more so near the tail root. This compares to the essentially orange, intermixed with white/greyish hairs found on the ventral surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE0BFCE3BA56A574" box="[404,530,803,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE0BFCE3BA56A574" box="[404,530,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FD84FCE4BA18A574" box="[539,604,803,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD84FCE4BA18A574" bold="true" box="[539,604,803,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which also has a very well developed fringe of dark/black hairs on the border of the interfemoral membrane. In addition, the patagia and interfemoral membranes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FB2DFC8FBD69A510" box="[1202,1325,839,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB2DFC8FBD69A510" box="[1202,1325,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FAABFC80BD36A510" box="[1332,1394,839,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FAABFC80BD36A510" bold="true" box="[1332,1394,839,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are marked with numerous, black, discontinuous lines, which are not apparent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FC64FCABBC31A5CC" box="[1019,1141,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FC64FCABBC36A5CC" box="[1019,1138,875,899]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">B. biswasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D01A972FF58FC48B912A2ED" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
The tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FEDBFC57B9F3A5E8" box="[324,439,911,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FEDBFC57B9F3A5E8" box="[324,439,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is cylindrical and on the ventral side is pale grey-white for most of its length, darkening towards a dark brown/black tip. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FDB4FC73BAE3A584" box="[555,679,947,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FDB4FC73BAE3A584" box="[555,679,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FD2EFC74BAB5A584" box="[689,753,947,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD2EFC74BAB5A584" bold="true" box="[689,753,947,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, it is also cylindrical but black throughout its length on the ventral side except for a small patch of grey near the border of the interfemoral membrane and orange-grey for that portion of the tail that lies within the interfemoral membrane. On the dorsal surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FBFBFC3BBCA4A25C" box="[1124,1248,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FBFBFC3BBCA4A25C" box="[1124,1248,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FB78FC3CBD62A25C" box="[1255,1318,1019,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB78FC3CBD62A25C" bold="true" box="[1255,1318,1019,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the tail is also black for its entire length except at its base where it is covered in dark reddish-brown hairs, grizzled with whitish-grey. However in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE23FB83BA6BA214" box="[444,559,1091,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE23FB83BA6BA214" box="[444,559,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tail beyond the interfemoral base is initially pale smoky grey changing to rufous red, then russet and finally to dark brown near the tip; within the interfemoral membrane the tail is grey washed with red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D01A972FF58FB68BA37A318" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
The upper body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE3AFB77BA5FA288" box="[421,539,1199,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE3AFB77BA5FA288" box="[421,539,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D01A972FDA0FB77BAE0A288" box="[575,676,1200,1223]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
red grizzled with white. This is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FB0CFB77BD54A288" box="[1171,1296,1199,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB0CFB77BD54A288" box="[1171,1296,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FA86FB68BD1DA288" bold="true" box="[1305,1369,1199,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FA86FB68BD1DA288" box="[1305,1369,1199,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but a little paler. The patagia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE24FB13BA6AA2A4" box="[443,558,1235,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE24FB13BA6AA2A4" box="[443,558,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also appear a little paler than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FC44FB13BC12A2A4" box="[987,1110,1235,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FC44FB13BC12A2A4" box="[987,1110,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FBC3FB14BCDFA2A4" box="[1116,1179,1235,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FBC3FB14BCDFA2A4" bold="true" box="[1116,1179,1235,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The crown of the head in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FF6EFB3FB922A340" box="[241,358,1271,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FF6EFB3FB922A340" box="[241,358,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE3DFB3FBA5BA340" box="[418,543,1271,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE3DFB3FBA5BA340" box="[418,543,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characteristically pale but this is more extreme in
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB1AFB3FBD46A340" box="[1157,1282,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FB1AFB3FBCBBA340" box="[1157,1279,1271,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">B. biswasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Both species have ears denuded of long hairs. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FDE8FADBBAAEA37C" box="[631,746,1307,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FDE8FADBBAAEA37C" box="[631,746,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a well-developed tuft of pale hairs at the posterior base of each ear; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FE80FA87B9DEA318" box="[287,410,1343,1367]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE80FA87B9DEA318" box="[287,410,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FE3EFAF8B99BA318" box="[417,479,1343,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE3EFAF8B99BA318" bold="true" box="[417,479,1343,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
this is black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D01A972FF58FAA4BBEEA060" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
In the skull and teeth, the occipitonasal length and zygomatic breadth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FC6BFAA5BC1CA335" box="[1012,1112,1378,1402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.44" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="74.4">74.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FB12FAA5BCB5A335" box="[1165,1265,1378,1402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="47.7">47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FF08FA4FB956A3D0" box="[151,274,1415,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FF08FA4FB956A3D0" box="[151,274,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FE86FA40B91CA3D0" box="[281,344,1415,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FE86FA40B91CA3D0" bold="true" box="[281,344,1415,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are essentially similar to those reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D01A972FCDAFA40BB89A3D0" author="Saha" box="[837,973,1415,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Saha, S. S. (1981) A new genus and a new species of flying squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Northeastern India. Bulletin Zoological Survey of India, 4, 331 - 336." type="journal article" year="1981">Saha (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FC63FA4FBC34A3D0" box="[1020,1136,1415,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FC63FA4FBC34A3D0" box="[1020,1136,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FA97FA40BD28A3D0" box="[1288,1388,1415,1439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="72.4">72.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FF08FA6DB8B9A38D" box="[151,253,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="47.5">47.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. However, the length of the tympanic bullae and upper cheekteeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FB9BFA6BBC3BA38C" box="[1028,1151,1451,1475]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB9BFA6BBC3BA38C" box="[1028,1151,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FB1AFA6CBC80A38C" box="[1157,1220,1451,1475]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB1AFA6CBC80A38C" bold="true" box="[1157,1220,1451,1475]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FB4DFA6DBD71A38D" box="[1234,1333,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FAF4FA6DB886A3A8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="16.3">16.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively, considerably exceed those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD38FA17BB65A3A8" box="[679,801,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD38FA17BB59A3A8" box="[679,797,1487,1511]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">B. biswasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FCB7FA08BBC8A3A8" box="[808,908,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FC5EFA08BC61A3A8" box="[961,1061,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively. Both species have a deeply depressed frontal, a relatively short palate, well developed palatal foramina, and tympanic bullae with a honeycomb pattern of septae. The structure of the teeth is also similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D01A972FF58F9FDBA55A100" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FF58F9FDB96EA01C" bold="true" box="[199,298,1594,1619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Although the exact habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD34F9FBBB98A01C" box="[683,988,1595,1619]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD34F9FBBB98A01C" box="[683,988,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Biswamoyopterus laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not known, the village market at Thongnami, where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F988509D01A972FE3BF998BA42A038" box="[420,518,1631,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found, is approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FCFEF998BBD9A038" box="[865,925,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
Southwest of Nam Kading NBCA and it is reported that extensive hunting occurs within at least some of this NBCA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D01A972FC7CF945BCEAA0D5" author="Evans" box="[995,1198,1666,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Evans, T. D., Duckworth, J. W. & Timmins, R. J. (2000) Field observations of larger mammals in Laos, 1994 - 1995. Mammalia, 64, 55 - 100. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2000.64.1.55" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Evans
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FBAFF943BC26A0D4" box="[1072,1122,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The area comprises limestone karst with mostly pristine dry evergreen forest or semi-evergreen forest with an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FABAF960B8F4A0AD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="m" value="880.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="160.0">160–1,600 m</quantity>
|
||
. The village of Thongnami is also approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D01A972FD7EF90DBB6DA0AD" box="[737,809,1738,1762]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
Northwest of Khammouan Limestone NBCA, which is also a karst area with a dry open xerophytic flora on the limestone and small pockets of semi-evergreen forest in the valleys and low lying areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D01A972FE4AF8D5BAF6A165" author="Thewlis" box="[469,690,1810,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Thewlis, R. M., Timmins, R. J., Evans, T. D. & Duckworth, J. W. (1998) The Conservation Status of Birds in Lao: A Review of Key Species. Bird Conservation International 8 (Supplement), pp. 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Thewlis
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FDA7F8D3BA2CA164" box="[568,616,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FC14F8D3BC42A164" box="[907,1030,1811,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FC14F8D3BC42A164" box="[907,1030,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D01A972FB93F8D4BC0FA164" box="[1036,1099,1811,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FB93F8D4BC0FA164" bold="true" box="[1036,1099,1811,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may be present in at least one or possibly both of these NBCAs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35865799D01A973FF58F89DBA30A72B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D01A973FF58F89DB961A69B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FF58F89DBA03A13C" bold="true" box="[199,583,1882,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Distribution and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
To date,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D01A972FD5EF89BBBB5A13C" box="[705,1009,1883,1907]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D01A972FD5EF89BBBB5A13C" box="[705,1009,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Biswamoyopterus laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from Thongnami in Bolikhamxai Province in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D01A972FD94F847BA72A1D8" box="[523,566,1920,1943]" name="Laos" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR. From the locality of the market and the behaviour of the local hunters, it is probable that the specimen was either collected in Nam Kading or Khammouan Limestone NBCAs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A779D01A972FAD7F865BDCEA1F5" box="[1352,1418,1954,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[250,1325,207,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[234,1334,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type localities of the two species of Biswamoyopterus; the black square represents B. biswasi from Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India and the black circle represents B. laoensis n. sp. from Pak Kading District, Bolikhamxai Province, Lao PDR. The grey areas represent (1) Nam Kading NBCA and (2) Khammouan Limestone NBCA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222663/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further investigations should be carried out in these areas as well as Nakai-Nam Theun and Hin Nam No NBCAs, where limestone karst and evergreen forest are also present, to determine the distribution and abundance of this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D00A973FF58FF18BA30A72B" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Currently, the major threats for the wildlife in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D00A973FD52FF27BABDA6B8" box="[717,761,224,247]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR are habitat loss and harvesting for food (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FA9EFF18B8B2A753" author="Duckworth" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. & Robichaud, W. G. (1999) Introduction. In: Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. & Khounboline, K. (Eds.), Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report. IUCN, Vientiane, Lao PDR, pp. 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Duckworth
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FA17FF26B8E9A753" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FE9DFEC3BA0BA753" author="Timmins" box="[258,591,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Timmins, R. J. & Duckworth, J. W. (2008) Diurnal squirrels (Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae) in Lao PDR: distribution, status and conservation. Tropical Zoology, 21, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="2008">Timmins & Duckworth 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In squirrels, harvesting is the most serious threat as they rank as the most commonly traded mammalian ‘bush-meat’ in local markets (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FCE9FEE0BCF7A770" author="Srikosamatara" box="[886,1203,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Srikosamatara, S., Siripholdej, B. & Suteethorn, V. (1992) Wildlife trade in Lao P. D. R. and between Lao P. D. R. and Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 40, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Srikosamatara
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FBB8FEEEBC25A70F" box="[1063,1121,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is a serious conservation concern for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FE2BFE8ABA6BA72B" box="[436,559,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FE2BFE8ABA6BA72B" box="[436,559,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D00A973FDA9FE8BBA30A72B" box="[566,628,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FDA9FE8BBA30A72B" bold="true" box="[566,628,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35865799D00A973FF58FEB7BA30A55B" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D00A973FF58FEB7BA37A483" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FF58FEB7B97FA7C7" bold="true" box="[199,315,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The discovery of this new species extends the known range of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FBEFFEB6BD73A7C7" box="[1136,1335,369,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FBEFFEB6BD73A7C7" box="[1136,1335,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Biswamoyopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by some
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D00A973FF08FE53B940A7E3" box="[151,260,404,428]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" unit="km" value="1250.0">1,250 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FE8FFE52BA77A7E3" box="[272,563,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FE8FFE52BA77A7E3" box="[272,563,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Biswamoyopterus biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously collected at an elevation of 350 metres in Deban (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B179D00A973FA80FE53BD2DA7E3" box="[1311,1385,404,428]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Miao) and until now was only known from the western slope of the Patkai Range in the catchment area of the Noa Dihing River in Namdapha,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D00A973FD87FE1BBA16A7BB" box="[536,594,476,500]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FDFCFE1BBAA4A7BB" author="Saha" box="[611,736,476,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Saha, S. S. (1981) A new genus and a new species of flying squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Northeastern India. Bulletin Zoological Survey of India, 4, 331 - 336." type="journal article" year="1981">Saha 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FCACFE1ABBEDA7BB" box="[819,937,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biswasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FCACFE1ABBEDA7BB" box="[819,937,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">B. biswasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the extent of the geographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FA1BFE1AB8B7A457" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Biswamoyopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FA1BFE1AB8B7A457" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">B. laoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205579B9D00A973FF63FDC7B978A457" box="[252,316,512,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FF63FDC7B978A457" bold="true" box="[252,316,512,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is currently not known. However, it is of particular interest that it was collected from a region of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D00A973FF74FDE2B953A473" box="[235,279,549,572]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
PDR, which is home to other recently discovered rare and endemic rodent taxa such as the Kha-nyou,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FF08FD8EBACDA410" authority="Jenkins et al. (2005)" authorityName="Jenkins et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[151,649,583,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Diatomyidae" genus="Laonastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aenigmamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FF08FD8EB9D8A42F" box="[151,412,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Laonastes aenigmamus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FE3BFD80BACDA410" box="[420,649,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Jenkins, P. D., Kilpatrick, C. W., Robinson, M. F. & Timmins, R. J. (2005) Morphological and molecular investigations of a new family, genus and species of rodent (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricognatha) from Lao PDR. Systematics and Biodiversity, 2, 419 - 454. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200004001549" type="journal article">
|
||
Jenkins
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FE60FD8EBA73A42F" box="[511,567,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D00A973FD77FD8FBB57A410" box="[744,787,584,607]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
limestone rat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FC25FD8FBDDCA410" authority="Musser et al. (2005)" authorityName="Musser et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[954,1432,583,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Saxatilomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FC25FD8FBCEFA42F" box="[954,1195,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Saxatilomys paulinae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FB2DFD8FBDDCA410" box="[1202,1432,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Musser, G. G., Smith, A. L., Robinson, M. F. & Lunde, D. P. (2005) Description of a new genus and species of rodent (Murinae, Muridae, Rodentia) from the Khammouan Limestone National Biodiversity Conservation Area in Lao PDR. American Museum Novitates, 3497, 1 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2005) 497 [0001: DOANGA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">
|
||
Musser
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FA94FD8EBD78A42F" box="[1291,1340,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, endemism is not restricted to rodents or even mammals: the area is also home to the endemic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35576629D00A973FAEFFDAABDDFA4CB" box="[1392,1435,621,644]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Lao</collectingCountry>
|
||
langur,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FF6BFD57BA87A4E8" authority="Thomas 1921" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1921" box="[244,707,655,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Trachypithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laotum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FF6BFD57B9BAA4E7" box="[244,510,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Trachypithecus laotum</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomas 1921)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in birds to the recently discovered bare-faced bulbul,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D719D00A973FF08FD72BA2BA483" authority="Woxvold et al. (2009)" authorityName="Woxvold et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[151,623,692,716]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Pycnonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hualon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FF08FD72B92AA483" box="[151,366,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Pycnonotus hualon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B039D00A973FEEAFD73BA2BA483" box="[373,623,692,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" refString="Woxvold, I. A., Duckworth, J. W. & Timmins, R. J. (2009) An unusual new bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) from the limestone karst of Lao PDR. Forktail, 25, 1 - 12." type="journal article">
|
||
Woxvold
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAE09D00A973FE7DFD72BA57A483" box="[482,531,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36F29D00A973FF58FD1FBA30A55B" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">It is strongly recommended that further research of this new species be carried out urgently to help determine its range, population status, and its threats.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |