160 lines
17 KiB
XML
160 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="F4EC7E3CF8E61F23631E5D52785BCF14" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. & Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FF98121BF3988B45323BF066" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pelodryadidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C61041DAEC5BAEA7B49CFD4818E937C">
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<mods:title id="E7910B14B6CFDE0B188DCFC7AD448EFF">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6B2BF7AAA6548DA05CD2D469DC8B7F3B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5AD9DD15EA129E143044CBD93F5905B3">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6199A923038E1B4400EC55147EE1654B">Marion, Angela B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3289477C6293FD893AA8D999FF0848D">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C2000FAA5CFD07E2546A889A8AEF6254">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="74547F405EEE70F9C7C7DD632A49C74C">
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<mods:date id="57FB58AB4521DB94E2AAF8DBB401334F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="409EAA520358A2B1BB637623CA2EAC1B">4104</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3F4BE3BB941D90820D90D1A556F598B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="49692A428BF39A99B559F28967118E28" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EA87A5FF98121BF3988B45323BF066" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458557" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5458557" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87A5FF98121BF3988B45323BF066" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A5FF98121BF3988B45323BF066" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FF98121BF3988B45323BF066" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF981218F3988B453272F56B" blockId="49.[151,332,1563,1589]" box="[151,332,1563,1589]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="D0B481DFFF981218F3988B453272F56B" bold="true" box="[151,332,1563,1589]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF981218F3988B453272F56B" ID-CoL="625T8" box="[151,332,1563,1589]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF981218F3988B453272F56B" bold="true" box="[151,332,1563,1589]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pelodryadidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF981218F3988B3F33CAF428" blockId="49.[151,1437,1633,2018]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Tyler (1979:73) eloquently compared faunal relations between Africa and South
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF981218F7208B3F37B1F524" box="[1071,1167,1633,1658]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
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and those between that continent and
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF981218F2368BDB329AF5C0" box="[313,420,1669,1694]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
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: “South
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF981218F1098BDB3158F5C0" box="[518,614,1669,1694]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
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and Africa may be regarded as lovers who experienced and exploited a large zone of contact and had considerable opportunity for interchange and exchange across it. In contrast, the South American-Australian relationship suffered from being in the form of an arranged engagement of longer duration. The couple never so much as touched one another at any time. The only contact was via a related intermediary named Aunt Arctica, whose presence between them effectively prevented a comparable degree of intimacy, and who is now outwardly cool and distinctly secretive about revealing what took place between them.” So be it.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF98121BF3C88ADF372BF28E" blockId="49.[151,1437,1633,2018]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Although
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF981218F2378ADF313CF4C4" box="[312,514,1921,1946]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF981218F2378ADF313CF4C4" box="[312,514,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hyla meridionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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now occurs in Mediterranean northwestern Africa, there is no evidence that hylid frogs ever existed in sub-Saharan Africa. These frogs originated in South
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF981218F0FC8AFB376DF4E0" box="[1011,1107,1957,1982]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
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and dispersed from there to
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF981218F3988A9733C0F4BC" box="[151,254,1993,2018]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and to North
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF981218F2A58A973130F4BC" box="[426,526,1993,2018]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
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. Ancestral
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF981218F19C8A9731D2F4BC" box="[659,748,1993,2018]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hylidae</taxonomicName>
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diverged from the phyllomedusid-pelodryadid clade in the Paleocene 61.8 (57.5–66.1) Mya. The hylid clade retained the ancestral chromosome complement of 2n = 24, whereas the number changed to 2n =
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the phyllomedusid-pelodryadid clade. Following the split of pelodryadid and phyllomedusid frogs at 52.5 (47.6–57.4) Mya, the initial divergence (crown node) of pelodryadid frogs occurred in the mid-Eocene 44.2 (40.1–48.3) Mya and that of phyllomedusid frogs was later, 33.3 (29.0–37.6) Mya. When South
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separated from
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF02B8C7930A7F21E" box="[804,921,295,320]" name="Antarctica" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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35.0–30.5 Mya, ancestral pelodryadid frogs were present on that continent and
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF1258C1231AFF23B" box="[554,657,332,357]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
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before the latter separated from
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF7068C123740F23B" box="[1033,1150,332,357]" name="Antarctica" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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35.5 Mya (
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<figureCitation id="13782A36FF9B121BF60A8C123664F23A" box="[1285,1370,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1468,1490]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,885,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1435,879,1446]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 18. Diagrammatic representation of dispersal routes and places of divergence of arboranan frogs in the Eocene." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265836/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Our analysis suggests that the differentiation of what are now
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF0198C313088F2D6" box="[790,950,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelodryadinae">Pelodryadinae</taxonomicName>
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and Pelobiinae occurred in the mid-Eocene and that the genera of pelodryadids differentiated (crown nodes) in the late Eocene and Oligocene:
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF6198CCB36A2F2F2" box="[1302,1436,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF6198CCB36A2F2F2" box="[1302,1436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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35.1 (29.3–40.8),
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF2508CE73293F28E" box="[351,429,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2508CE73293F28E" box="[351,429,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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33.8 (28.9–38.7),
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF1728CE9302CF28E" box="[637,786,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Dryopsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF1728CE9302CF28E" box="[637,786,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Dryopsophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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29.5 (26.0–33.1) Mya.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9B121BF3C88C83323BF066" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Four major clades of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF2B48C833137F2AA" box="[443,521,477,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2B48C833137F2AA" box="[443,521,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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already existed by the early Oligocene (31 Mya). Our limited taxon sampling of New Guinean
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF2358F5F32B6F146" box="[314,392,513,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2358F5F32B6F146" box="[314,392,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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precludes determination of possible centers of diversification in New
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF7AA8CA137C8F146" box="[1189,1270,511,536]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF6218CA136A6F146" box="[1326,1432,511,536]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
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; likewise, we have no genomic data that might indicate monophyly of the stream-breeding
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF7938F7B37D4F162" box="[1180,1258,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF7938F7B37D4F162" box="[1180,1258,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Queensland. After its diversification from the clade leading to
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF1C28F1930C6F13E" box="[717,1016,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF1C28F19305BF13E" box="[717,869,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Dryopsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dryopsophus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF07D8F1730C6F13E" box="[882,1016,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimystes</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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was restricted to the humid northern part of
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF3E38F32326BF1DB" box="[236,341,620,645]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, which together with the collision of the plates and major uplifts in the Miocene, became New
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF3988FD133D2F1F6" box="[151,236,655,680]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. Most species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF2BE8FCF3109F1F6" box="[433,567,657,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2BE8FCF3109F1F6" box="[433,567,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differentiated in the early to mid-Miocene (10–22 Mya). Some major clades of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF3B98FEA3275F193" box="[182,331,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Dryopsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF3B98FEA3275F193" box="[182,331,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Dryopsophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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originated in the mid- to late Oligocene (24–26 Mya). The clade containing the terrestrial species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF3B48F89326EF1AE" box="[187,336,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Dryopsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF3B48F89326EF1AE" box="[187,336,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Dryopsophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(formerly placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF1C78F893000F1AE" box="[712,830,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Cyclorana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF1C78F893000F1AE" box="[712,830,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cyclorana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) inhabiting xeric to subhumid regions of
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF63A8F8936A2F1AE" box="[1333,1436,727,752]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
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diverged in mid-Miocene times—13.4 (8.0–18.8) Mya, the time of major aridification in central and southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF9B121BF3988E41323FF066" box="[151,257,799,824]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |