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<mods:title id="7595D6025F22CE18102B6CFF48378267">Finnish Pipunculidae (Diptera) studies Part I: Taxonomic notes on Cephalops Fallén, 1810, Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 and Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BD7236BFFE1423DFF3AF5C7FE45FA1E" blockId="3.[151,477,1450,1476]" box="[151,477,1450,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D09F9407FFE1423DFF3AF5C7FE45FA1E" bold="true" box="[151,477,1450,1476]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFF3AF5C7FE45FA1E" ID-CoL="6QSR" ID-ENA="240898" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,477,1450,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFF3AF5C7FE45FA1E" bold="true" box="[151,477,1450,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFF3AF5C7FEB9FA1E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pipunculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFE84F5C7FE45FA1E" author="Latreille" box="[297,477,1450,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des crustaces et des insectes. Tome troisieme. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp. [for the exact dating of this publication visit the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera, Version 7.5. Available from http: // www. diptera. org / biosys. htm]." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD7236BFFE1423AFF3AF598FC20FE88" blockId="3.[151,1437,1525,2031]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The latest updates for the European
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFDECF598FD5DF9D4" box="[577,709,1525,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFDECF598FD5DF9D4" box="[577,709,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pipunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna that includes study of
<typeStatus id="54D39DC9FFE1423DFBB6F598FBD6F9D5" box="[1051,1102,1525,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
specimens are the works by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFF3AF670FEC7F9ED" author="Kozanek" box="[151,351,1565,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Kozanek, M. (1981 a) Genus Pipunculus Latreille (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in Czechoslovakia. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 142, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Kozánek (1981a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFEC2F670FE19F9ED" author="Kozanek" box="[367,385,1565,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Kozanek, M. (1981 b) Description of a new species of Pipunculus Latr. (Diptera, Pipunculidae) and a redescription of P. omissinervis Beck. Biologia, 36, 605 - 609." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
). His keys are likely to be the ones most commonly used but have become outdated. Between
<date id="FFD605ABFFE1423DFEA5F628FE26F985" box="[264,446,1605,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1990" valueMax="1993">1990 and 1993</date>
, Morakote &amp; Hirashima (1990) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFCD1F628FBD5F985" author="Kuznetzov" box="[892,1101,1605,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1990) New species of the family Pipunculidae from Mongolia. Insects of Mongolia, 11, 378 - 393." type="journal article" year="1990">Kuznetzov (1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFBF1F628FB01F985" author="Kuznetzov" box="[1116,1177,1605,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1991) New Palaearctic species of the genus Pipunculus (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Dipterological Research, 2, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFB05F628FB69F985" author="Kuznetzov" box="[1192,1265,1605,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1993 a) A new Pipunculus species from Spain (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Dipterological Research, 4, 139 - 144." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">1993a</bibRefCitation>
) described 32 Western and Eastern Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFDBAF600FD03F95C" box="[535,667,1645,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFDBAF600FD03F95C" box="[535,667,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pipunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, of which 20 are based on females and six on males only. This and the lack of proper differential diagnoses or identification keys, make the papers by the latter author inadequate for identification purposes.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFDC6F6D0FC9DF90D" author="Dunk" box="[619,773,1725,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Dunk, K. von der (1997) Key to Central European species of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Studia dipterologica, 4, 289 - 335." type="journal article" year="1997">Dunk (1997)</bibRefCitation>
presents a key for the Central European fauna, largely following Kozáneks works.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFE45F688FCD7F925" author="Skevington" box="[488,847,1765,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Skevington, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. (1998) Systematics of New World Pipunculus (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs, Lanham, 201 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Skevington &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F37F63FBFFE1423DFD3FF688FD62F925" box="[658,762,1765,1791]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Marshall</collectingCountry>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
revised the Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFBE9F688FB50F924" box="[1092,1224,1765,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFBE9F688FB50F924" box="[1092,1224,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pipunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna, which also had nomenclatorial impact on the European one.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE1423DFD4AF760FBACF8FD" author="Foldvari" box="[743,1076,1805,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Foldvari, M. &amp; Kozanek, M. (2001) New morphological and faunistic records of Hungarian Pipunculidae (Diptera)." type="book" year="2001">Földvári &amp; Kozánek (2001)</bibRefCitation>
provide additional taxonomic information on two
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFE28F758FD91F894" box="[389,521,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFE28F758FD91F894" box="[389,521,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pipunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa. The scattered taxonomic information and the fact that several unplaceable “forms” of
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFEFEF730FE4FF8AC" box="[339,471,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CFF79FFE1423DFEFEF730FE4FF8AC" box="[339,471,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pipunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were encountered while studying
<taxonomicName id="4C6858E8FFE1423DFCCAF730FB98F8AD" box="[871,1024,1885,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pipunculidae</taxonomicName>
originating from
<collectingCountry id="F37F63FBFFE1423DFB63F730FAB0F8AD" box="[1230,1320,1885,1911]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Finland</collectingCountry>
and other countries made it necessary to reassess the species limits in use by studying the available
<typeStatus id="54D39DC9FFE1423DFB73F7E8FA88F845" box="[1246,1296,1925,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
specimens. Additionally, molecular work on the genus has been started and will be presented in a broader context elsewhere. In the following, there is given a brief characterisation of each species present in Europe followed by additional annotations where necessary and an identification key. Concerning variation of certain morphological features like degree of pollinosity, coloration of legs or postpronotal lobe and length of third costal segment compared to length of fourth costal segment (hereafter referred to as LTC and LFC), chances are that a larger intraspecific variability than indicated may occur. The utility of these and other morphological characters have been discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF95E9AFFE6423AFE4FF155FCD3FE88" author="Skevington" box="[482,843,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Skevington, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. (1998) Systematics of New World Pipunculus (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs, Lanham, 201 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Skevington &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F37F63FBFFE6423AFD20F155FD6DFE88" box="[653,757,312,338]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Marshall</collectingCountry>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
in detail.
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