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<document id="7D4993966E25125D4807D4F3EDE65180" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.7" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645335" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725369738965" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calvo, Joel &amp; Ávila, Fabio" docDate="2016" docId="0387FB2F0C58FFA2FF52FF8AFC7E528D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.283.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 283 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Senecio piedrahitae J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFBE83570C59FFA1FFDAFE5EFFBD503C" masterDocTitle="Senecio piedrahitae (Compositae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Colombian Andes" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1725371742832" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="F184D33779BA9280FD7B6C868A141179" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A4F81B4EB3A6F4D3ECDD81A15CE28D2D">
<mods:title id="94861F2F160039260DB39450F1E655D6">Senecio piedrahitae (Compositae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Colombian Andes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3CB34E5082B66E87E0EA27E7576C9B31" type="personal">
<mods:role id="50FA65ADA9366839E531CE49B30FEA73">
<mods:roleTerm id="9C6B52FF5D2FAB9C7E1383902418BCB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D05AA30A0C37FDEB56B060FC9052259">Calvo, Joel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="599ADE9DDCB57BA3D10F9BEB39F74035">Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain. &amp; Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales-Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Av. Río Coca E 6 - 115 e Isla Fernandina, Quito, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="68364B04C16A881950E5E4C98DE96295" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1950D43B13CF14188BB4EB3B0CF2214D">
<mods:roleTerm id="42429BFE396D1D30CB57A70205FC6F7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2FD8CA82AF4DC7E97B3A863DDAA078B8">Ávila, Fabio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DFDDEE8FB76E7B7FB63B611C381DDCAD">Jardín Botánico de Cartagena “ Guillermo Piñeres ”, Sector Matute, km 9, Turbaco-Cartagena, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BF0AD55270E8D8E3435670C3A0A2318C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="443A3034DC2DC8175F408C60A58BB8A1">
<mods:title id="69AF2810B47430F392188E4CE919AD94">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C6CFA6972EA7CA38A997CE2D3D3F9B2E">
<mods:date id="5DFE6D37574B68361D3E9952C9537E9B">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="187ED6F5FC5344DFEC2DA89AB1DF499F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="52C3CDD5A6E2ECCD9D07AB07426D2D71">2016-11-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D826ADB4095379D638B7D65E7A37739A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="037F290467CBF8098BA83DBD5521667A">283</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5ED05BCFC45DD6E6D89BA85FA100360C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7A49F294C0EE5E0907E7D4EB1407B759">91</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8F6C6A0B7B027624E4B5B21200FC69C1">95</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="6C6B2FB27CDDA53CF5CECD83EF3F8E0F">
<mods:url id="4F5BB5F95011F5070DA5DBDE1361CB09">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.7</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="DDC96493F94ECF581FDFED0E695A3FA3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D8622FCC5D8C0E6F5BA029EEBA8E5985" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="624ADA075EC1E3A09468C0767854C158" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="867CA96019227CEFC5E5101B132CE617" type="Zenodo-Dep">13645335</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0387FB2F0C58FFA2FF52FF8AFC7E528D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387FB2F0C58FFA2FF52FF8AFC7E528D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387FB2F0C58FFA2FF52FF8AFC7E528D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<subSubSection id="C33419B20C58FFA0FF52FF8AFCB451D3" box="[136,777,468,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF52FF8AFCB451D3" blockId="1.[136,777,468,495]" box="[136,777,468,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<heading id="D0D9FD550C58FFA0FF52FF8AFCB451D3" box="[136,777,468,495]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FF52FF8AFDF251D3" ID-CoL="8T24M" authority="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,591,468,495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF52FF8AFED151D3" bold="true" box="[136,364,468,495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
J. Calvo &amp; F. Ávila
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FD80FF88FD1251D3" box="[602,687,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2692B500C58FFA0FD80FF88FD1251D3" box="[602,687,470,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131556BC0C58FFA0FD64FF88FD4351D3" box="[702,766,470,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,2030]" captionTargetId="figure-82@2.[151,1436,317,2030]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Senecio piedrahitae (COL-000084428)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645337/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33419B20C58FFA0FF52FC7EFDE454DF" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF52FC7EFAA45265" blockId="1.[136,1452,544,709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF52FC7EFF675209" bold="true" box="[136,218,544,565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Type:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3390AA90C58FFA0FF00FC7EFEE05209" box="[218,349,544,565]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FEB0FC7EFE0F5209" box="[362,434,544,565]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Tolima</collectingRegion>
: municipio de Santa Isabel, Cordillera Central, camino del paso de la quebrada del África, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2CFE0C58FFA0FAB9FC7EFA165209" box="[1379,1451,544,565]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" precision="925" value="4.75">4°45’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2CFE0C58FFA0FF67FC1AFEA75265" box="[189,282,580,601]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" precision="925" value="-75.36667">75°22’W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FEF0FC1AFE0C5265" box="[298,433,580,601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="4200.0" valueMax="4300.0" valueMin="4100.0">4100–4300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF906CF90C58FFA0FE60FC1AFD9B5265" box="[442,550,580,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" value="1980-02-07">7 Feb 1980</date>
(fl., fr.),
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FDA4FC1AFC435265" box="[638,1022,580,601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="ED3FD2FC0C58FFA0FDA4FC1AFD305265" box="[638,653,580,601]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. Díaz-Piedrahita &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED3FD2FC0C58FFA0FC8AFC1AFCDC5265" box="[848,865,580,601]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">R</collectionCode>
. Jaramillo 1914
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5495F49B0C58FFA0FBD1FC1AFBDC5265" box="[1035,1121,580,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
COL-000084428).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF52FC36FC8452F9" blockId="1.[136,1452,544,709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FF52FC36FEF45241" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,329,616,637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF52FC36FEF45241" box="[136,329,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other scandent discoid
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FD76FC36FCFE5241" box="[684,835,616,637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FD76FC36FD4A5241" box="[684,759,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Senecio</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from the montane forests and páramos in its lanceolate leaves, petiolated the middle cauline ones, asymmetrical at the lamina base, floccose above and lanate beneath, its synflorescence branches densely lanate, and its involucre glabrescent or slightly arachnoid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF52FCA8FDE454DF" blockId="1.[136,1452,758,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
Scandent subshrub. Stem approximately up to
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FD69FCA8FD445333" box="[691,761,758,783]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="0.8">0.8 m</quantity>
long, flexuous, leaved (the lower leaves withering early), corrugated, solid, branched, with lanate-floccose indumentum that persists on the upper part as it grows older. Basal leaves absent. Middle cauline leaves
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FDF1FD60FDC2536B" box="[555,639,830,855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FD1DFD60FC8D536B" box="[711,816,830,855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
wide, alternate, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acute at the apex, truncate to cuneate and usually clearly asymmetrical at the base, petiolated, denticulate, plane or undulate, with indumentum floccose above and lanate beneath; petiole
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FC99FDD8FC7F53A3" box="[835,962,902,927]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
long, auriculate at the base. Upper cauline leaves becoming sessile, usually amplexicaul, lanceolate to narrowly ovate. Synflorescence cymose-corymbose, with bracts subtending the synflorescence branches similar to the upper cauline leaves. Capitula 2–4 per synflorescence branchlet, discoid, nodding; involucre
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FDEAFDACFD1B5437" box="[560,678,1010,1035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 mm</quantity>
in diam.,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FCCAFDACFC3B5437" box="[784,902,1010,1035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
long, widely bell-shaped; receptacle scrobiculate; involucral bracts 21,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FEAFFA48FE5A5413" box="[373,487,1046,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="8.25" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.5">7.5–9 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FDF4FA48FD085413" box="[558,693,1046,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–2.3 mm</quantity>
wide, with fimbriate scarious margin
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FBBBFA48FB555413" box="[1121,1256,1046,1071]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
wide, lanceolate, abruptly attenuate, smooth, glabrescent to slightly arachnoid; supplementary bracts 14–15,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FB73FA64FAB7546F" box="[1193,1290,1082,1107]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FA82FA64FF09544B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.2 mm</quantity>
wide, lanceolate, without scarious margin, a quarter to a third as long as involucral bracts, glabrescent to slightly arachnoid. Disc florets 85–95,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FE3DFADCFDEF54A7" box="[487,594,1154,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FD46FADCFC9954A7" box="[668,804,1154,1179]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FC87FADCFC5854A7" box="[861,997,1154,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
in diam. (throat and apex respectively), pale yellow; style branches penicillate. Achenes
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FD6BFAF8FC845483" box="[689,825,1190,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; pappus whitish of ca. 80–90 barbellate bristles. Chromosome number: unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33419B20C58FFA0FF67FAB0FABF554F" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF67FAB0FABF554F" blockId="1.[136,1452,758,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF67FAB0FE54553B" bold="true" box="[189,489,1262,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—Known from the volcanic complex Nevado de
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FBCBFAB0FBDE553B" box="[1041,1123,1262,1287]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Tolima</collectingRegion>
, Nevado de Santa Isabel, and Nevado del Ruiz. The studied specimens were collected in the departments of
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FC36FB4CFB865517" box="[1004,1083,1298,1323]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Tolima</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FBAAFB4CFB025517" box="[1136,1215,1298,1323]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Caldas</collectingRegion>
, although the species is also expected to be found in the adjacent páramos belonging to
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FCA0FB68FC595573" box="[890,996,1334,1359]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FBC7FB68FBC45573" box="[1053,1145,1334,1359]" country="Colombia" name="Quindio" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Quindío</collectingRegion>
departments. According to the label information this species grows in the páramo and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FCC7FB04FC38554F" box="[797,901,1370,1395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FCC7FB04FC38554F" box="[797,901,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Polylepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest between 4100 and
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FB7CFB04FB43554F" box="[1190,1278,1370,1395]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="4300.0">4300 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33419B20C58FFA0FF67FB20FA33561B" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF67FB20FDFF5587" blockId="1.[136,1452,758,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF67FB20FEF555AB" bold="true" box="[189,328,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Etymology:</emphasis>
—This species honors Santiago Díaz-Piedrahita (1944–2014), a collector of the
<typeStatus id="5495F49B0C58FFA0FB27FB20FAE255AB" box="[1277,1375,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and a renowned Colombian synantherologist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF67FB98FA33561B" blockId="1.[136,1452,758,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF67FB98FD6655E3" bold="true" box="[189,731,1478,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="5495F49B0C58FFA0FD8AFB98FD7055E3" box="[592,717,1478,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F3390AA90C58FFA0FD22FB98FC2D55E3" box="[760,912,1478,1503]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FC47FB98FC4D55E3" box="[925,1008,1478,1503]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Tolima</collectingRegion>
: pic
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FBF0FB98FBC155E3" box="[1066,1148,1478,1503]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Tolima</collectingRegion>
, cueva del Tigre, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2CFE0C58FFA0FA8DFB98FA1155E3" box="[1367,1452,1478,1503]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" precision="925" value="4.633333">4°38’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2CFE0C58FFA0FF52FBB4FF49563F" box="[136,244,1514,1539]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" precision="925" value="-75.35">75°21’W</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FF906CF90C58FFA0FEDDFBB4FEC5563F" box="[263,376,1514,1539]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" value="1844-07">July 1844</date>
,
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FE5EFBB4FD9C563F" box="[388,545,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">J. Goudot s.n.</emphasis>
(P-03734857 digital image!).
<collectingRegion id="49EA84DB0C58FFA0FCADFBB4FC75563F" box="[887,968,1514,1539]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Caldas</collectingRegion>
: alrededores del Nevado del Ruiz y de Sta. Isabel, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2CFE0C58FFA0FF3AF850FE88561B" box="[224,309,1550,1575]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" precision="925" value="4.8333335">4°50’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2CFE0C58FFA0FEE6F850FE15561B" box="[316,424,1550,1575]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" precision="925" value="-75.35">75°21’W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FE60F850FDEA561B" box="[442,599,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.14" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="4220.0" valueMax="4300.0" valueMin="4140.0">4140–4300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF906CF90C58FFA0FDB9F850FD5F561B" box="[611,738,1550,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" value="1978-10-09">9 Oct 1978</date>
,
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FD37F850FB19561B" box="[749,1188,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">O. Rangel, H. Sturm &amp; O. Vargas 1799</emphasis>
(COL-000084476!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33419B20C58FFA2FF67F86CFC7E528D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA0FF67F86CFDFB56C3" blockId="1.[136,1452,758,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF67F86CFEF85677" bold="true" box="[189,325,1586,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Discussion:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FEBBF86CFDFC5677" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[353,577,1586,1611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FEBBF86CFDFC5677" box="[353,577,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by its lanceolate leaves, asymmetrical at the lamina base, floccose above and lanate beneath; the middle cauline leaves being distinctly petiolated and auriculate at the insertion point on the stem, and the upper cauline ones being amplexicaul. The lanate indumentum of the synflorescence branches and the glabrescent involucre (or slightly arachnoid) are also useful characters. The synflorescences are usually lax, with 2–4 capitula per synflorescence branchlet. The morphologically closest species are
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FB83F89CFA1956E7" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1951" box="[1113,1444,1730,1755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="christophori">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FB83F89CFB5B56E7" box="[1113,1254,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. otophorus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FAC0F89CFA1956E7" box="[1306,1444,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">christophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FF52F8B8FED856C3" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Sandwith" authorityYear="1942" box="[136,357,1766,1791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longepenicillatus">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF52F8B8FED856C3" box="[136,357,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. longepenicillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FE78F8B8FD8256C3" box="[418,575,1766,1791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senecioides">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FE78F8B8FD8256C3" box="[418,575,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. senecioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C58FFA3FF67F954FA185119" blockId="1.[136,1452,758,2079]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,160,293]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FF67F954FE27571F" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[189,410,1802,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FF67F954FE27571F" box="[189,410,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FDFCF954FCD0571F" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1951" box="[550,877,1802,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="christophori">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FDFCF954FD0C571F" box="[550,689,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. otophorus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FD39F954FCD0571F" box="[739,877,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">christophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the leaf shape, length of involucral bracts, number of disc florets, and indumentum of the upper leaf surface, involucre, and stem. The cauline leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FAD7F970FA16577B" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[1293,1451,1838,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FAD7F970FA16577B" box="[1293,1451,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer (narrowly lanceolate), usually clearly asymmetrical at the lamina base, and the floccose indumentum of the upper surface tends to be persistent. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FD6FF928FBB457B3" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1951" box="[693,1033,1910,1935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="christophori">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FD6FF928FCF857B3" box="[693,837,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. otophorus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FCA5F928FBB457B3" box="[895,1033,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">christophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has triangular-lanceolate leaves (the middle ones usually with a constriction at the lower half of the lamina), often not asymmetrical at the base, and thicker. The indumentum of the upper leaf surface is arachnoid when young but it disappears with time.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FB11F9E0FA1657EB" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[1227,1451,1982,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FB11F9E0FA1657EB" box="[1227,1451,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has shorter involucral bracts (7.5–9 vs.
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C58FFA0FDB1F9BCFD6857C7" box="[619,725,2018,2043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
) and a lesser number of disc florets (85–95 vs. 100–120). Another useful character is the indumentum of the involucre, which is floccose in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C58FFA0FC0BF658FA995823" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1951" box="[977,1316,2054,2079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="christophori">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FC0BF658FBDD5823" box="[977,1120,2054,2079]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">S. otophorus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C58FFA0FB40F658FA995823" box="[1178,1316,2054,2079]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">christophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(at least on the supplementary bracts) and glabrescent or slightly arachnoid in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FCAAFEFEFBB05085" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[880,1037,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FCAAFEFEFBB05085" box="[880,1037,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">S. piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Regarding the stem indumentum,
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FA4CFEFEFE0450E1" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1951" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="christophori">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FA4CFEFEFF4750E1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">S. otophorus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FEF5FE9AFE0450E1" box="[303,441,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">christophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs because it is usually composed of long sericeous trichomes as
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FB67FE9AFE14513D" authority="Weddell (1856: 98) var. otophorus" authorityName="Weddell" authorityYear="1856" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="otophorus">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FB67FE9AFAF750E1" box="[1213,1354,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">S. otophorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF37C80C5BFFA3FA95FE9AFF43513D" author="Weddell, H. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="93" pagination="57 - 184" refId="ref3156" refString="Weddell, H. A. (1856) Chloris andina, vol. 1, part 3 - 6. Chez P. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 57 - 184." type="book chapter" year="1856">Weddell (1856: 98)</bibRefCitation>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FEEDFEB6FE14513D" box="[311,425,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">otophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FDC1FEB6FD46513D" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[539,763,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FDC1FEB6FD46513D" box="[539,763,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with the typical subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FB30FEB6FAC4513D" box="[1258,1401,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otophorus">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FB30FEB6FAC4513D" box="[1258,1401,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">S. otophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we did not find records of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FE6BFF52FCBD5119" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1951" box="[433,768,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="otophorus" variety="christophori">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FE6BFF52FD825119" box="[433,575,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">S. otophorus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FDACFF52FCBD5119" box="[630,768,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">christophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing in the volcanic complex Tolima-Santa Isabel-Ruiz.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF511AB10C5BFFA3FF52F656FD405821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645337" box="[136,765,2056,2077]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645337/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" startId="2.[136,229,2056,2077]" targetBox="[151,1435,317,2030]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B914A390C5BFFA3FF52F656FD405821" blockId="2.[136,765,2056,2077]" box="[136,765,2056,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FF52F656FF435821" bold="true" box="[136,254,2056,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5BFFA3FEA7F656FD815821" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[381,572,2056,2077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5BFFA3FEA7F656FD815821" box="[381,572,2056,2077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">Senecio piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(COL-000084428).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C5AFFA2FF67FEFEFCB25175" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Another similar species is
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FE0CFEFEFD0D5085" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Sandwith" authorityYear="1942" box="[470,688,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longepenicillatus">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FE0CFEFEFD0D5085" box="[470,688,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S.longepenicillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3390AA90C5AFFA2FD31FEFEFCE35085" box="[747,862,160,185]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3390AA90C5AFFA2FBC0FEFEFB315085" box="[1050,1164,160,185]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.They can be distinguished by the leaf shape and the morphology of the supplementary bracts. The cauline leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FB8DFE9AFA8F50E1" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Sandwith" authorityYear="1942" box="[1111,1330,196,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longepenicillatus">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FB8DFE9AFA8F50E1" box="[1111,1330,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S. longepenicillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly attenuate into the petiole, usually acuminate at the apex, and not auriculate at the petiole base. The upper cauline leaves are sessile instead of amplexicaul. This species also displays a lesser number of supplementary bracts (11–12 vs.
<quantity id="4CD6E7DC0C5AFFA2FABCFF52FF235175" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FF7FFF6EFEFF5175" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[165,322,304,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FF7FFF6EFEFF5175" box="[165,322,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S. piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Their distribution areas do not overlap.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C5AFFA2FF67FF0AFE7B51E5" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FF67FF0AFE235151" box="[189,414,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senecioides">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FF67FF0AFE235151" box="[189,414,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Senecio senecioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FE13FF0AFCEC5151" authority="Bentham (1845: 210)" authorityName="Bentham" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1845" box="[457,849,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisanae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FE13FF0AFDEE5151" box="[457,595,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S. antisanae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF37C80C5AFFA2FD86FF0AFCEC5151" author="Bentham, G." box="[604,849,340,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" pagination="209 - 216" refId="ref2128" refString="Bentham, G. (1845) Plantas hartwegianas imprimis mexicanas adjectis nonnullis grahamianis enumerat novasque describit, Signature E. Londini, pp. 209 - 216." type="book chapter" year="1845">Bentham (1845: 210)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, see Calvo 2016) is an endemic of
<collectingCountry id="F3390AA90C5AFFA2FB3CFF0AFAFE5151" box="[1254,1347,340,365]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
that also has the upper leaf surface floccose. However, the indumentum of the lower leaf surface easily allow to separate both species (glabrescent in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FE53FFC2FD985189" box="[393,549,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senecioides">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FE53FFC2FD985189" box="[393,549,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S. senecioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. lanate in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FD6EFFC2FCED5189" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; F. Avila" authorityYear="2016" box="[692,848,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrahitae">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FD6EFFC2FCED5189" box="[692,848,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S. piedrahitae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, the capitula of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E31BA0C5AFFA2FB55FFC2FA965189" box="[1167,1323,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senecioides">
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FB55FFC2FA965189" box="[1167,1323,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">S. senecioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller and usually more numerous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914A390C5AFFA2FF67FFBAFC7E528D" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Although the conservation status of this species has not been assessed under the IUCN categories, it grows in a protected natural area, Los Nevados National Natural Park, which was established in 1973. Nevertheless, cattle farming and cultivation in the northern Andes make a permanent pressure on the conservation of the páramos as evidenced by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF37C80C5AFFA2FEF9FC0EFDAA5255" author="Vasquez, D. L. A. &amp; Balslev, H. &amp; Sklenar, P." box="[291,535,592,617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" pagination="2673 - 2683" refId="ref3096" refString="Vasquez, D. L. A., Balslev, H. &amp; Sklenar, P. (2015) Human impact on tropical-alpine plant diversity in the northern Andes. Biodiversity and Conservation 24: 2673 - 2683. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 015 - 0954 - 0" type="journal article" year="2015">
Vásquez
<emphasis id="B95A962B0C5AFFA2FE50FC0EFE7F5255" box="[394,450,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
; but the number and size of the populations is far from being well known. Further fieldwork is required to gain knowledge of this new species, as well as to improve the understanding of plant diversity in the páramos and the diversity of the Compositae in the northern Andes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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