treatments-xml/data/03/C9/91/03C9912CFFD7FFB201A713B0FBFBF9F6.xml
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<mods:title id="BB7FF5C62FE8DE4D41981AEDEC8AE089">New species and records of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
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Family
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFD7FFB201C713B0FDC7FE49" ID-CoL="84KKZ" authority="Hartman, 1942" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1942" box="[247,580,474,501]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
Orbiniidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFD7FFB200B713B1FDC7FE49" author="Hartman, O." box="[391,580,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref84839" refString="Hartman, O. (1942) A review of the types of polychaetous annelids at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collections, 8, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1942">Hartman, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB201A71075FE9AFD8A" bold="true" box="[151,281,543,567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFD7FFB2002F1075FDB1FD8A" ID-CoL="87J5M" authority="Quatrefages, 1866" authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" box="[287,562,543,567]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Orbinia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB2002F1075FEECFD8A" box="[287,367,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orbinia</emphasis>
Quatrefages, 1866
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, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFD7FFB203FF104AFCE9FD8A" author="Hartman, O." box="[719,874,543,567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref84839" refString="Hartman, O. (1942) A review of the types of polychaetous annelids at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collections, 8, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1942">Hartman, 1942</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFD7FFB201A7100FFD71FAF2" blockId="5.[151,1437,613,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB201A7100FFE91FDC2" bold="true" box="[151,274,613,639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFD7FFB200FE100FFDD7FDC2" author="Blake, J. A." box="[462,596,613,639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref82310" refString="Blake, J. A. (2017) Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa, 4218 (1), 1 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4218.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Blake 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Body elongate, usually divided into a wide, dorsoventrally flattened thoracic region formed of firm, muscular segments and a posterior abdominal region rounded in cross-section and composed of soft, fragile segments bearing dorsally elevated parapodia, or abdominal parapodia not elevated; bodies usually with distinct body regions, or body regions indistinct. Prostomium of variable shapes, with anterior margin ranging from acutely pointed to bluntly rounded; 12 pair of eyespots sometimes present, but usually absent; paired nuchal organs present. Proboscis soft, eversible, saclike without armature, sometimes dendritically branched when everted. Peristomium composed of 13 achaetous rings; juveniles with two rings often with only one as adult. Paired cirriform and ciliated branchiae located mid-dorsally between notopodia, beginning either on or just posterior to thoracic region, continuing to posterior end; or branchiae entirely absent. Small dorsal sense organs sometimes present anterior and medial to branchiae in some thoracic and abdominal parapodia. Notopodia simple, with fingerlike postsetal lobes; sometimes divided or forked. Interramal cirri sometimes present between notopodia and neuropodia of posterior thoracic and/or abdominal segments. Neuropodia well developed in thoracic region, sometimes forming elevated ridges bearing numerous setae; one to many postsetal lamellae often present, sometimes continuing ventrally as additional subpodial or stomach papillae. Abdominal neuropodia extending laterally and dorsally, usually bilobed; ventral cirrus often present; ventral flange may be present. Lateral ciliated organ sometimes present between noto- and neuropodia. Notosetae include capillaries, flail setae, and furcate setae; modified spines sometimes present in abdominal notopodia. Thoracic neurosetae may include crenulated capillaries, blunt-tipped crenulated setae, crenulated or smooth uncini, and modified spines; or any combination of capillaries, uncini, and spines. Abdominal neurosetae include capillaries and flail setae; imbedded aciculae usually present, protruding on some genera. Multidentate swan hooks or bidentate hooks or crotchets known from two genera. Pygidium simple, collar-like, often with 24 long filamentous anal cirri.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFD7FFB201F71733FBFBF9F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,613,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB201F71733FEB7FACE" bold="true" box="[199,308,1369,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
. A few edits to the diagnosis of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFD7FFB203901733FCB0FACE" author="Blake, J. A." box="[672,819,1369,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref82310" refString="Blake, J. A. (2017) Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa, 4218 (1), 1 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4218.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
serve to update minor details. However, this diagnosis essentially follows the more extensive family definition of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFD7FFB202161714FC5FFA25" author="Hartman, O." box="[806,988,1405,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="211 - 393" refId="ref85169" refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, pls. 20 - 44, 1 chart. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4160176]" type="journal article" year="1957">Hartman (1957)</bibRefCitation>
. With the inclusion of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFD7FFB204761714FA16FA25" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[1350,1429,1406,1432]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB204761714FA16FA25" box="[1350,1429,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Questa</emphasis>
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, orbiniids now contain a few species having bidentate hooks or crotchets similar to those found in some paraonids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFD7FFB201AF17AFFEEEFA62" author="Giere, O &amp; Ebbe, B. &amp; Erseus, C." box="[159,365,1477,1503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="304 - 319" refId="ref84591" refString="Giere, O, Ebbe, B. &amp; Erseus, C. (2008) Questa (Annelida, Polychaeta, Orbiniidae) from Pacific regions-new species and reas- sessment of the genus Periquesta. Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution, 7, 304 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2007.04.001" type="journal article" year="2008">
Giere
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB201DA17ACFEA5FA62" box="[234,294,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). The multidentate swan hooks found in
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFD7FFB2026017AFFC60FA62" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1954" box="[848,995,1477,1503]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Proscoloplos" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB2026017AFFC60FA62" box="[848,995,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Proscoloplos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are a more complex manifestation of hooked setae. When present, furcate setae of orbiniids typically have two long tynes from which numerous thin needles or spines project into the space between forming a web. In species of
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFD7FFB202DD1464FBBFF995" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[1005,1084,1550,1576]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFD7FFB202DD1464FBBFF995" box="[1005,1084,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Questa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, two long, thick tynes have either one or two shorter and thinner basally attached prongs arising between them.
</paragraph>
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