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<document id="A495E3EF21309A6DAFA997CFA9816873" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3646.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1b314d5-50da-49e3-9870-4be75eecae53" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283758" ID-ZooBank="8F1BA6B5-C1E8-4F3B-A1E7-DD688F232D9E" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460599347280" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hong, Yong &amp; James, Samuel W." docDate="2013" docId="03BE3B27FFCBFFC6FF61FE11FB1BE8ED" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03646p081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3646 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amynthas chiakensis Hong &amp; James, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FF87435FFFCAFFC3FFF6FFE3FFB3E96A" masterDocTitle="Three new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Chiak National Park, Korea" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1698327255340" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="03B8257168A83842E1FC9A45F2E12A7E">Three new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Chiak National Park, Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="742391FE35F5266D0EB6ACBFD180D37A">Hong, Yong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D825AC932B50FD1D99F2C0A5DE4B0B1">James, Samuel W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="87C0883D960B8BBA45EF4625FE18485E">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BE3B27FFCBFFC6FF61FE11FB1BE8ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6158002" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6158002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE3B27FFCBFFC6FF61FE11FB1BE8ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE3B27FFCBFFC6FF61FE11FB1BE8ED" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCBFFC2FF61FE11FE93EB47" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF61FE11FE4FEB66" blockId="1.[151,508,498,557]" box="[151,508,498,524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="D0E03D5DFFCBFFC2FF61FE11FE4FEB66" bold="true" box="[151,508,498,524]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF61FE11FE4FEB66" bold="true" box="[151,508,498,524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FF61FE11FE24EB66" box="[151,407,498,524]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chiakensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF61FE11FE24EB66" bold="true" box="[151,407,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Amynthas chiakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCBFFC2FE68FE11FE4FEB66" box="[414,508,498,524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF61FDF6FE93EB47" blockId="1.[151,508,498,557]" box="[151,288,533,557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
(
<figureCitation id="132C96B4FFCBFFC2FF69FDF6FF6DEB47" box="[159,222,533,557]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1969,1992]" captionTargetBox="[206,1371,184,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1400,109,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas chiakensis sp. nov. (A, B), Amynthas gyeongriae sp. nov. (C, D), and Amynthas wonjuensis sp. nov. (E, F). A, C, E. Ventral view. B, D, F. Spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A, C, E), 2.5 mm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCBFFC2FF61FDBEFD85EB8B" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF61FDBEFD85EB8B" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF61FDBEFEB5EB1C" bold="true" box="[151,262,605,630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCBFFC2FEF8FDBEFEC8EB1F" box="[270,379,605,629]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: clitellate (NIBRIV0000261338),
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCBFFC2FD08FDBDFCF6EB1F" box="[766,837,606,629]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Korea</collectingCountry>
, Gangwon-do Province, Wonju-si, Socho-myon, Mt. Chiak (
<geoCoordinate id="EE23ECF6FFCBFFC2FF1CFD62FEC8EBF3" box="[234,379,641,665]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" precision="1" value="37.234566">37°14.074'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE23ECF6FFCBFFC2FE71FD62FD91EBF3" box="[391,546,641,665]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" precision="1" value="128.98586">128°59.151'E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCBFFC2FDC1FD62FD0BEBF3" box="[567,696,641,665]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="600.0">600800 m</quantity>
, soil and litter layers,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFCBFFC2FC44FD62FBEFEBF3" box="[946,1116,641,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" value="2006-08-09">9 August 2006</date>
, Y. Hong, N. J. Choi, and Y. P. Kim colls.
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCBFFC2FEB7FD45FE01EBD4" box="[321,434,678,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 1 clitellate (NIBRIV0000261339); same data as for
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCBFFC2FBCEFD46FB2DEBD7" box="[1080,1182,677,701]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Nontype material: 5 clitellates, same data as for
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCBFFC2FE3AFD2AFD81EB8B" box="[460,562,713,737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCBFFC2FF31FD0EFC8DEA6F" box="[199,830,749,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF31FD0EFC8DEA6F" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" box="[199,830,749,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF31FD0EFEF5EA6F" bold="true" box="[199,326,749,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species is named after the
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCBFFC2FD5BFD0DFD6EEA6C" box="[685,733,750,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCBFFC2FF31FCF2FA2BEAFF" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF31FCF2FA2BEAFF" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF31FCF2FE89EA40" bold="true" box="[199,314,785,810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Spermathecal pores two pairs deep in 6/77/8; no genital markings in pre-clitellar segments; male pores at centers of small transverse oval porophores, near lateral margins of ventrum in XVIII, each with concentric wrinkled rings around the porophore, in which are embedded groups of small circular papillae, sometimes in C-shaped array open laterally; male pores 0.220.31 circumference apart ventrally; cecum manicate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCBFFC2FF31FC42FF42EE73" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF31FC42FEBEED07" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF31FC42FEEAEAD0" bold="true" box="[199,345,929,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Description.</emphasis>
Dimensions
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCBFFC2FE1AFC42FDD6EAD3" box="[492,613,929,953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="76.0" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="70.0">7082 mm</quantity>
by 4.0
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCBFFC2FD36FC42FCA6EAD3" box="[704,789,929,953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
at segment X,
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCBFFC2FC48FC42FBF7EAD3" box="[958,1092,929,953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.6">4.65.5 mm</quantity>
at segment XXX, 4.15.0 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical, segments 9394. Setae spaced regularly around segment, numbering 5463 at VII, 5971 at XX, 1822 between male pores, setal formula AA:AB:ZZ:YZ= 1:1:1:1 at XIII. Female pore single XIV on
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCBFFC2FF4BFBEEFEF4ED4F" box="[189,327,1037,1061]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.30.4 mm</quantity>
circle. Prostomium epilobic with tongue open. Dorsal pigment brown, clitellum coffee color in formalin preservation. First dorsal pores at 12/13 (4), 11/12 (3). Clitellum annular XIVXVI; setae invisible externally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF31FB9AFC9EEC03" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
Male pores at centers of small transverse oval porophores, near lateral margins of ventrum in XVIII; each with concentric wrinkled rings around the porophore, in which are embedded groups of small circular papillae, sometimes in C-shaped array open laterally; male pores 0.220.31 circumference apart ventrally; 4.25.0 mm distance between male pores. Groups of 24 small genital papillae, paired presetal median to porophores in XVIII, or presetal anterior to the groups on the porophores; non-porophore genital papillae groups may be lacking. Spermathecal pores two pairs deep in 6/77/8, 0.250.34 ventral circumference apart; distance between spermathecal pores 4.0
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCBFFC2FE51FAB2FE4CEC03" box="[423,511,1361,1385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. Genital markings lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF31FA96FD32EF0F" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCBFFC2FF31FA96FEB6ECE7" box="[199,261,1397,1421]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Septa</collectingCountry>
4/56/7 thick, 7/8 thin,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFCBFFC2FDE8FA96FDD5ECE7" box="[542,614,1397,1421]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" value="2010-09-08">8/9/10</date>
absent,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFCBFFC2FD31FA96FCE0ECE7" box="[711,851,1397,1421]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" value="1913-11-10" valueMax="1913-12-10" valueMin="1913-11-10">10/1112/13</date>
thick. Gizzard large in VIIIX. Intestine begins in XV, lymph glands not found. Typhlosole absent. Intestinal cecum originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly about to XXIV, manicate with 45 small finger-shaped lobes decreasing in size ventrally. Esophageal hearts in X XIII. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally joined sacs in XXI. Seminal vesicles small in XIXII with dorsal lobes. Prostates in XVIII, extending from XVIXXII; stout ducts straight to U-shaped, both glandular portions consist of 2 main lobes each divided into 56 small lobes. Small stalked genital papillae glands in XVIII; some almost hidden in body wall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC2FF31F992FF42EE73" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Ovaries in XIII. Spermathecae in VII and VIII; wrinkled ovate ampulla, duct shorter than ampulla; duct diameter and muscularity increase ectally, diverticulum chamber elongate fusiform, almost as long as ampulla, with thin muscular ental part of stalk, dramatically thicker ectal section, total stalk length greater than ampulla, stalk attaches near the base of spermathecal duct, no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Genital marking glands are lacking.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCBFFC1FF31F8C6FE40EA7E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCBFFC1FF31F8C6FF7EE876" blockId="1.[151,1437,605,2034]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF31F8C6FE88EE57" bold="true" box="[199,315,1829,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species keys to the
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FDAEF8C6FD7BEE57" box="[600,712,1829,1853]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FDAEF8C6FD7BEE57" box="[600,712,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in Sims &amp; Easton (1972), but differs from the previously known species with manicate cecum in lacking genital markings in the spermathecal segments. The diverticulum chamber is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FE17F88EFC87EEEF" authority="Beddard, 1892" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1892" box="[481,820,1901,1925]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FE17F88EFDC2EEEF" box="[481,625,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A. tokioensis</emphasis>
(Beddard, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
, but different in the stalk morphology by the enlarged ectal portion (as figured in Blakemore 2006). All the manicate species of the complex were collected from
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCBFFC2FAA7F871FA2AEEC3" box="[1361,1433,1938,1961]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FF61F856FDD4EEA7" authority="Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898" authorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,615,1973,1997]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FF61F856FED1EEA7" box="[151,354,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Amynthas vittatus</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FD80F856FC63EEA7" authority="Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899" authorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" authorityYear="1899" box="[630,976,1973,1997]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FD80F856FD34EEA7" box="[630,647,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FD6EF856FD7FEEA7" box="[664,716,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">levis</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FC29F856FADBEEA7" authority="Kobayashi, 1938" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1938" box="[991,1384,1973,1997]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shinkeiensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FC29F856FC43EEA7" box="[991,1008,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FBF7F856FB3BEEA7" box="[1025,1160,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">shinkeiensis</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1938)
</taxonomicName>
, (all probably synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCBFFC2FE61F83AFDABEE9B" box="[407,536,2009,2033]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokiensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCBFFC2FE61F83AFDABEE9B" box="[407,536,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A. tokiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and mostly variously modified parthenogenetic morphs according to Blakemore (2006)) and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FEDFFF7BFD0DE9C5" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2009" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2009" box="[297,702,151,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonjaesiki">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FEDFFF7BFE0FE9DA" box="[297,444,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">A. sonjaesiki</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2009
</taxonomicName>
also have manicate intestinal cecum. Resolving the taxonomic issues associated with extensive parthenogenetic modification of sexual characters is a difficult problem in this group of earthworms, among others (cf. Blakemore 2006), and will require extensive resampling for molecular data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31FEC4FB79E8ED" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
The present new species appears to be related to
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FD0AFECBFB0EE855" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" box="[764,1213,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sanchongensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FD0AFECBFCBEE82A" box="[764,781,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FCE8FECBFC72E82A" box="[798,961,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">sanchongensis</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2001
</taxonomicName>
with respect of the shape of male pore region, but it differs in the genital markings.
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FC7CFEAFFB15E80E" box="[906,1190,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sanchongensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FC7CFEAFFB15E80E" box="[906,1190,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas sanchongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has clusters of small genital markings anterior and posterior to each spermathecal pore, but
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FC5BFE93FBF2E8E2" box="[941,1089,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chiakensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FC5BFE93FC0DE8E2" box="[941,958,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FC3AFE93FBF2E8E2" box="[972,1089,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">chiakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks these.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31FE77FE40EA7E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FF31FE77FE01E8C6" box="[199,434,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chiakensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF31FE77FE01E8C6" box="[199,434,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas chiakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FE4FFE77FDA0E8C6" bold="true" box="[441,531,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFC8FFC1FE4FFE77FDA0E8C6" box="[441,531,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to one other species described from
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FBD5FE76FBD9E8C6" box="[1059,1130,405,428]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FB83FE77FAEFE8C6" box="[1141,1372,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonjaesiki">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FB83FE77FAEFE8C6" box="[1141,1372,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas sonjaesiki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares the same array of hearts, missing septa, segment of intestinal origin and vestigial typhlosole. This combination of characters differentiates these two species from other group members. Genital papillae of the male pads are useful for taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FDF2FDE3FDC0EB72" box="[516,627,512,536]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FDF2FDE3FDC0EB72" box="[516,627,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and have been used throughout the history of the genus (Hong &amp; James 2001, 2009). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FE5FFDC7FD88EB56" box="[425,571,548,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonjaesiki">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FE5FFDC7FD88EB56" box="[425,571,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">A. sonjaesiki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FD2EFDC7FC77EB56" box="[728,964,548,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chiakensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FD2EFDC7FC77EB56" box="[728,964,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas chiakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FC38FDC7FB98EB56" bold="true" box="[974,1067,548,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFC8FFC1FC38FDC7FB98EB56" box="[974,1067,548,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
only in having numerous small genital markings close to the spermathecal pores in VII (811 per group) and VIII (1116 per group), while this new species has none anywhere in VII or VIII in the seven specimens examined. It is recognized that genital markings are often variable within a species, but in this case there was no variation within the study collection. The two species were found in different locations, Mt. Chiak and Mt. Songni. It is very interesting that many species of
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FF61FD3BFEB6EB9A" box="[151,261,728,752]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF61FD3BFEB6EB9A" box="[151,261,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with spermathecal pores in 6/7 and 7/8 have been found in
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FC6DFD3BFC51EB85" box="[923,994,728,751]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FC1BFD3BFB83EB85" box="[1005,1072,728,751]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FBCCFD34FB3CEB85" box="[1082,1167,727,751]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FB6FFD34FB48EB85" box="[1177,1275,727,751]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FAC2FD3BFADEEB85" box="[1332,1389,728,751]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Laos</collectingCountry>
, but only few in the south of
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FE5FFD1FFE5CEA7E" box="[425,495,764,788]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFC8FFC1FF61FCBEFEACEAF3" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF61FCBEFEACEAF3" blockId="2.[151,499,861,921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF61FCBEFE40EA1F" bold="true" box="[151,499,861,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC8FFC1FF61FCBEFE21EA1C" box="[151,402,861,886]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gyeongriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF61FCBEFE21EA1C" bold="true" box="[151,402,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Amynthas gyeongriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFC8FFC1FE6FFCBEFE40EA1F" box="[409,499,861,885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132C96B4FFC8FFC1FF68FC62FF6CEAF3" box="[158,223,897,921]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1969,1992]" captionTargetBox="[206,1371,184,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1400,109,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas chiakensis sp. nov. (A, B), Amynthas gyeongriae sp. nov. (C, D), and Amynthas wonjuensis sp. nov. (E, F). A, C, E. Ventral view. B, D, F. Spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A, C, E), 2.5 mm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283759/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C, D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFC8FFC1FF61FC2AFD86ED27" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF61FC2AFD86ED27" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF61FC2AFEB5EA88" bold="true" box="[151,262,969,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFC8FFC1FEF8FC2AFEC9EA8B" box="[270,378,969,993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
; clitellate (NIBRIV0000261340):
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FD09FC29FCF5EA8B" box="[767,838,970,993]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Korea</collectingCountry>
, Gangwon-do Province, Wonju-si, Socho-myon, Mt. Chiak (
<geoCoordinate id="EE23ECF6FFC8FFC1FF1FFC0EFECDED6F" box="[233,382,1005,1029]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" precision="1" value="37.234566">37°14.074N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE23ECF6FFC8FFC1FE7FFC0EFD83ED6F" box="[393,560,1005,1029]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" precision="1" value="128.98586">128° 59.151E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFC8FFC1FDB5FC0EFD77ED6F" box="[579,708,1005,1029]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="600.0">600800 m</quantity>
, soil and litter layers,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFC8FFC1FC4CFC0EFBD2ED6F" box="[954,1121,1005,1030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" value="2006-08-09">9 August 2006</date>
, Y. Hong, N. J. Choi, and Y. P. Kim colls.
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFC8FFC1FEC5FBF1FE29ED40" box="[307,410,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: 1 clitellate (NIBRIV0000261341): same data as for
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFC8FFC1FC0AFBF2FBD1ED43" box="[1020,1122,1041,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Other material: 1 clitellate specimen, same data as for
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFC8FFC1FE3DFBD6FD82ED27" box="[459,561,1077,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFC8FFC1FF31FBB9FA2EED1B" box="[199,1437,1113,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31FBB9FA2EED1B" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" box="[199,1437,1113,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF31FBB9FEFDED18" bold="true" box="[199,334,1114,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the late Park Gyeong Ri (
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFC8FFC1FD1BFBBAFCC3ED1B" box="[749,880,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" value="1926" valueMax="2008">19262008</date>
), a great Korean writer who lived near Mt. Chiak.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFC8FFC1FF31FB9EFB7EEDB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31FB9EFB7EEDB7" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF31FB9EFEF2EDFC" bold="true" box="[199,321,1149,1174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Spermathecal pores three pairs just posterior to 5/67/8; no genital markings in pre-clitellar segments; male field with large oval raised pads, each pad surrounded by white outer ring and extending from 17/ 1818/19; male pores 0.160.28 circumference apart; caeca simple with ventral margin pockets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFC8FFC1FF31FB0AFCD0EE9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31FB0AFA30ECFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC8FFC1FF31FB0AFEEAEC68" bold="true" box="[199,345,1257,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Description.</emphasis>
Dimensions
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFC8FFC1FE18FB0AFD36EC6B" box="[494,645,1257,1281]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="125.0" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="115.0">115135 mm</quantity>
, by 5.57.0 mm at segment X, 6.57.0 mm at segment XXX, 5.0
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFC8FFC1FA8CFB0AFF70EC4F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
at clitellum; body cylindrical, segments 106115. Setae spaced regularly around segments, numbering 2642 at VII, 6667 at XX, 13 between male pores, setal formula AA:AB:ZZ:YZ= 4:3:3:3 at XIII. Female pore single XIV on
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFC8FFC1FF00FAB6FECDEC07" box="[246,382,1365,1389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.21.3 mm</quantity>
oval porophore. Prostomium epilobic with tongue open, dorsal light brown, clitellum coffee color in formalin preservation. First dorsal pore at 12/13. Clitellum annular XIVXVI, setae invisible externally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31FA7EFCE8EF03" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Male field with large circular-shaped raised pads; each pads surrounded by white outer ring and extending from 17/1818/19 with transverse seminal groove curve around posterior edge of oval male pad in XVIII, male pores in grooves at medial edge of oval pad, 0.160.28 circumference apart ventrally; around 4.65.0 mm distance between male pores, genital papillae absent. Spermathecal pores three pairs just posterior to 5/67/8, each pore a short transverse slit with elevated margin, 0.250.44 ventral circumference apart from each other; 4.97.0 mm distance between spermathecal pore. Genital markings lacking.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31F996FED9EEE3" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFC8FFC1FF31F996FEB6EFE7" box="[199,261,1653,1677]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Septa</collectingCountry>
5/67/8 thick,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFC8FFC1FE40F996FE4EEFE7" box="[438,509,1653,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" value="2010-09-08">8/9/10</date>
absent,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFC8FFC1FD96F996FD5FEFE7" box="[608,748,1653,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" value="1913-11-10" valueMax="1913-12-10" valueMin="1913-11-10">10/1112/13</date>
thick. Gizzard globular in VIIIIX. Intestine begins in XV, lymph glands not found. Typhlosole thick, 1/4 intestine diameter from XXVII. Intestinal caeca originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly about to XXI, simple finger-shaped with 8 more or less small distinct pockets on ventral margins. Esophageal hearts in XXIII. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in annular sacs in X, XI, sacs include hearts, dorsal vessel in X, hearts in XI. Seminal vesicles paired in XI, XII, without dorsal lobes, vesicles of XI inside testes sac. Prostates in XVIII, extending from XVIXX, short stout ducts, glandular portions consist of 2 main lobes, each main lobe divided again into 45 small finger-shaped branches. Genital papillae glands are lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC8FFC1FF31F876FCD0EE9F" blockId="2.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Ovaries in XIII. Spermathecae in VIVIII; ampulla globular-shaped, smooth, slender ducts as long as or longer than ampulla, diverticulum chamber cylindrical with rounded chamber as long as spermathecal ducts, stalk shorter; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. No genital marking glands.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF68DAB9FFC9FFC0FF61F852FBC5EE8C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283759/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" targetBox="[206,1371,184,1927]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFC9FFC0FF61F852FBC5EE8C" blockId="3.[151,1435,1969,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FF61F852FEA1EEAD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1969,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC9FFC0FEEEF851FE58EEA2" box="[280,491,1970,1992]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chiakensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FEEEF851FE58EEA2" box="[280,491,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Amynthas chiakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FE07F851FDF2EEAD" bold="true" box="[497,577,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFC9FFC0FE07F851FDF2EEAD" box="[497,577,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FDA6F851FDD1EEAD" bold="true" box="[592,610,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FD99F851FD33EEAD" bold="true" box="[623,640,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">B</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC9FFC0FD62F851FCC3EEA2" box="[660,880,1970,1992]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gyeongriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FD62F851FCC3EEA2" box="[660,880,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Amynthas gyeongriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FC80F851FC75EEAD" bold="true" box="[886,966,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFC9FFC0FC80F851FC75EEAD" box="[886,966,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FC23F852FC54EEA2" bold="true" box="[981,999,1969,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FC02F851FBB5EEAD" bold="true" box="[1012,1030,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">D</emphasis>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFC9FFC0FBB3F851FAACEEA2" box="[1093,1311,1970,1992]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wonjuensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FBB3F851FAACEEA2" box="[1093,1311,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Amynthas wonjuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FAD0F851FAC5EEAD" bold="true" box="[1318,1398,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFC9FFC0FAD0F851FAC5EEAD" box="[1318,1398,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FA72F851FA26EEAD" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,1970,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FF61F832FF15EE8C" bold="true" box="[151,166,2001,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">F</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FF4DF832FF7EEE8C" bold="true" box="[187,205,2001,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FF2CF833FF5FEE8D" bold="true" box="[218,236,2000,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FF0FF832FEB9EE8C" bold="true" box="[249,266,2001,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">E</emphasis>
. Ventral view.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FE54F832FE00EE8C" bold="true" box="[418,435,2001,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FE36F832FE61EE8C" bold="true" box="[448,466,2001,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">D</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9635623FFC9FFC0FE29F832FE5FEE8C" bold="true" box="[479,492,2001,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">F</emphasis>
. Spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A, C, E), 2.5 mm (B, D, F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCEFFC7FF31FF7BFEAAEBCD" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FF7BFEBAE8ED" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF31FF7BFE88E9DA" bold="true" box="[199,315,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FEB2FF7BFD89E9DA" box="[324,570,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gyeongriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FEB2FF7BFD89E9DA" box="[324,570,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amynthas gyeongriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDB2FF7BFD2CE9DA" bold="true" box="[580,671,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCEFFC7FDB2FF7BFD2CE9DA" box="[580,671,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
keys to the
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FCC7FF7BFC35E9DA" box="[817,902,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FCC7FF7BFC35E9DA" box="[817,902,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC6FFF7BFBA4E9DA" box="[921,1047,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">hawayanus</emphasis>
) group in Sims &amp; Easton (1972). However few of these are known to have annular testes sacs enclosing the other organs of segments X and XI, and the peregrine morphs/synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FDC0FF03FCD2E99D" authority="Kinberg, 1867" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" box="[566,865,223,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDC0FF03FD1CE992" box="[566,687,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. gracilis</emphasis>
Kinberg, 1867
</taxonomicName>
never have large oval male porophores. Several
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FF61FEE7FF5FE876" box="[151,236,260,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61FEE7FF5FE876" box="[151,236,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group species have been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCEFFC7FD47FEE6FD49E876" box="[689,762,261,284]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FCF2FEE7FBC7E876" authority="Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899" authorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" authorityYear="1899" box="[772,1140,260,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="agrestis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FCF2FEE7FCC8E876" box="[772,891,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. agrestis</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FB89FEE7FF7CE855" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gibbus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB89FEE7FB5BE876" box="[1151,1256,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. gibbus</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2001
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FF16FECBFDF3E855" authority="Kobayashi, 1936" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1936" box="[224,576,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF16FECBFEECE82A" box="[224,351,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. serratus</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FDB9FECBFC23E855" authority="Kobayashi, 1936" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1936" box="[591,912,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDB9FECBFD1DE82A" box="[591,686,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. vallis</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC69FECBFB59E855" authority="Hong, 2001" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="2001" box="[927,1258,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palgongensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC69FECBFBE5E82A" box="[927,1110,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. palgongensis</emphasis>
Hong, 2001
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FADBFECBFEACE80E" authority="Hong, 2001" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="2001" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minjae">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FADBFECBFA2FE82A" box="[1325,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. minjae</emphasis>
Hong, 2001
</taxonomicName>
. Among them, the species with simple intestinal caeca are
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC4DFEAFFB84E80E" box="[955,1079,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC4DFEAFFC7FE80E" box="[955,972,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC2DFEAEFB84E80E" box="[987,1079,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FBB3FEAFFB12E80E" box="[1093,1185,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vallis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBB3FEAFFBE5E80E" box="[1093,1110,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB93FEAFFB12E80E" box="[1125,1185,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">vallis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FB47FEAFFAD6E80E" box="[1201,1381,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palgongensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB47FEAFFB71E80E" box="[1201,1218,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB27FEAFFAD6E80E" box="[1233,1381,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">palgongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FF61FE93FEB1E8E2" box="[151,258,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minjae">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61FE93FEB1E8E2" box="[151,258,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. minjae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FE77FC3CEB7D" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FDEAFE77FD62E8C6" box="[540,721,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palgongensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDEAFE77FD9EE8C6" box="[540,557,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDCBFE77FD62E8C6" box="[573,721,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">palgongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mt. Palgong with respect to male disc shape and lack of genital markings and genital papillae, but this species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC7FFE5BFB94E8BA" box="[905,1063,440,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gyeongriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC7FFE5BFB94E8BA" box="[905,1063,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. gyeongriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBD8FE5BFB3AE8BA" bold="true" box="[1070,1161,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCEFFC7FBD8FE5BFB3AE8BA" box="[1070,1161,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by having circular male discs with T-shaped seminal grooves, set with legs of 'T's pointed laterally. Also
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FBEAFE3FFABCE89E" box="[1052,1295,476,500]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gyeongriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBEAFE3FFABCE89E" box="[1052,1295,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amynthas gyeongriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FAE0FE3FFAC3E89E" bold="true" box="[1302,1392,476,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCEFFC7FAE0FE3FFAC3E89E" box="[1302,1392,476,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has more setae between the male pores (13) than
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FD64FDE3FCF7EB72" box="[658,836,512,536]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="palgongensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FD64FDE3FCF7EB72" box="[658,836,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A. palgongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF61FD88FEAAEBCD" blockId="4.[151,500,619,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61FD88FE47EBEE" bold="true" box="[151,500,619,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FF61FD88FE27EBEE" box="[151,404,619,644]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wonjuensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61FD88FE27EBEE" bold="true" box="[151,404,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amynthas wonjuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCEFFC7FE6DFD8FFE47EBEE" box="[411,500,620,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132C96B4FFCEFFC7FF68FD6CFF6CEBCD" box="[158,223,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1969,1992]" captionTargetBox="[206,1371,184,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1400,109,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas chiakensis sp. nov. (A, B), Amynthas gyeongriae sp. nov. (C, D), and Amynthas wonjuensis sp. nov. (E, F). A, C, E. Ventral view. B, D, F. Spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A, C, E), 2.5 mm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E, F)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCEFFC7FF61FD34FE90EA5D" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF61FD34FE90EA5D" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61FD34FEB5EB9A" bold="true" box="[151,262,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCEFFC7FEF8FD34FEC8EB85" box="[270,379,727,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: clitellate (NIBRIV0000261342);
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCEFFC7FD09FD3BFCF5EB85" box="[767,838,728,751]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Korea</collectingCountry>
, Gangwon-do Province, Wonju-si, Socho-myon, Mt. Chiak (
<geoCoordinate id="EE23ECF6FFCEFFC7FF1FFD1FFEC9EA7E" box="[233,378,764,788]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="37.234566">37 14.074N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE23ECF6FFCEFFC7FE73FD1FFD9EEA7E" box="[389,557,764,788]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="128.98586">128° 59.151E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FDB6FD1FFD72EA7E" box="[576,705,764,788]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="600.0">600800 m</quantity>
, soil and litter layers,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFCEFFC7FC4EFD1FFBD3EA7E" box="[952,1120,764,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" value="2006-08-09">9 August 2006</date>
, Y. Hong, N. J. Choi, and Y. P. Kim coll s.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCEFFC7FF31FCA7FC97EA36" box="[199,804,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FCA7FC97EA36" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" box="[199,804,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF31FCA7FEFFEA36" bold="true" box="[199,332,836,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for its
<typeStatus id="54AC3493FFCEFFC7FD65FCA6FD70EA37" box="[659,707,837,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCEFFC7FF31FC84FAD4EACE" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FC84FAD4EACE" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF31FC84FEF2EAEA" bold="true" box="[199,321,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Spermathecal pores two pairs in 5/66/7, male pores superficial in XVIII on small oval-shaped white porophores lateral to large roughly circular raised genital papillae; male pores 0.15 circumference apart.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCEFFC7FF31FC4CFEC7EF46" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FC4CFB0DED3D" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF31FC4CFEEBEAA2" bold="true" box="[199,344,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
Dimensions
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FE07FC4CFDF0EAAD" box="[497,579,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
by
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FD84FC4CFD79EAAD" box="[626,714,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
at segment X,
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FC8BFC4CFC65EAAD" box="[893,982,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
at segment XXX,
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FB47FC4CFABAEAAD" box="[1201,1289,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
at clitellum; body cylindrical, segments 69. Setae distributed regularly around segmental equators, numbering 45 at VII, 49 at XX, 6 between male pores, setal formula AA:AB:ZZ:YZ = 2:2:3:3 at XIII. Female pore single XIV on
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FAE6FC14FAD5ED65" box="[1296,1382,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
oval porophore. Prostomium epilobic with tongue open, dorsal light brown, clitellum light-coffee color in formalin preservation. First dorsal pore at 12/13. Clitellum annular XIVXVI; setae invisible externally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FB87FAE0EDAE" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
Male pores superficial in XVIII on very small oval white porophores lateral to large roughly circular raised genital papillae, 0.15 circumference apart ventrally; 2.0 mm between male pores. Spermathecal pores two pairs in 5/66/7, 0.22 circumference apart ventrally;
<quantity id="4CEF27D4FFCEFFC7FD7CFB4FFD52EDAE" box="[650,737,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
between spermathecal pores. Genital markings lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FB2CFCA9ECD5" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCEFFC7FF31FB2CFEB6ED8D" box="[199,261,1231,1255]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Septa</collectingCountry>
5/67/8 thin,
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFCEFFC7FE57FB2CFE5BED8D" box="[417,488,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" value="2010-09-08">8/9/10</date>
absent, 10/
<date id="FFA9ACF1FFCEFFC7FD9FFB2CFD47ED8D" box="[617,756,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" value="1914-11-12" valueMax="1914-11-13" valueMin="1914-11-12">11/1213/14</date>
thinly muscular. Gizzard large in VIIIX. Intestine begins in XV, lymph glands not found. Typhlosole vestigial from XXVII. Intestinal caeca originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly about to XXIII, simple finger-shaped sacs. Esophageal hearts in XXIII. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in X, XI. Seminal vesicles paired in XI, XII; full of transparent cysts, large without dorsal lobes. Prostates in XVIII extending from XVIIXIX, stout ducts straight to U-shaped; both glandular portions consist of 2 main lobes each divided again into 45 small lobes. Thick genital papillae glands attached to wall in XVIII medial to prostate ducts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC7FF31FA2FFEC7EF46" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Ovaries in XIII. Spermathecae in VI and VII; ampulla small spherical, slender muscular ducts as long as ampulla, diverticulum chamber kinked or coiled longer than ampulla, stalks muscular, no nephridia on spermathecal ducts.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DD9BAFFCEFFC6FF31F9DBFB1BE8ED" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCEFFC6FF31F9DBFEAAE876" blockId="4.[151,1437,727,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF31F9DBFE88EF3A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FEB3F9DBFD88EF3A" box="[325,571,1592,1616]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wonjuensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FEB3F9DBFD88EF3A" box="[325,571,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amynthas wonjuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDB3F9DBFD11EF3A" bold="true" box="[581,674,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCEFFC7FDB3F9DBFD11EF3A" box="[581,674,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
belongs to the
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FCADF9DAFC1DEF3A" box="[859,942,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">morrisi</emphasis>
group in Sims &amp; Easton (1972), which is composed of 33 nominal species, more or less. Many of them have either midventral single genital markings in one or more segments (spermathecal segments and/or the male field area) or paired markings close to the midventral line (Blakemore 2006, pp. 258259).
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FDBAF947FCF1EFD6" box="[588,834,1700,1724]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wonjuensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDBAF947FCF1EFD6" box="[588,834,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amynthas wonjuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FCBAF947FC1BEFD6" bold="true" box="[844,936,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A250EB58FFCEFFC7FCBAF947FC1BEFD6" box="[844,936,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has no such markings. Among the
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FABFF946FA2FEFD6" box="[1353,1436,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">morrisi</emphasis>
group, the following species and subspecies have been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F300CAA1FFCEFFC7FC5FF92AFC41EF8A" box="[937,1010,1737,1760]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC0AF92BFA24EF8A" authority="Kobayashi, 1936" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1936" box="[1020,1431,1736,1760]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="fibulus" subSpecies="fibulus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC0AF92BFBBEEF8A" box="[1020,1037,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBEAF92BFB0FEF8A" box="[1052,1212,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">fibulus fibulus</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FF61F90FFDDCEE6E" authority="Kobayashi, 1936" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,623,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="fibulus" subSpecies="ranunculus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61F90FFF1BEE6E" box="[151,168,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF4FF90FFE3DEE6E" box="[185,398,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">fibulus ranunculus</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FD89F90FFC4FEE6E" authority="Kobayashi, 1938" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1938" box="[639,1020,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kobayashii">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FD89F90FFD23EE6E" box="[639,656,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FD54F90FFCA8EE6E" box="[674,795,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">kobayashii</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1938)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FBFDF90FFAC7EE6E" authority="Kobayashi, 1938" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1938" box="[1035,1396,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBFDF90FFBAFEE6E" box="[1035,1052,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBD8F90FFB27EE6E" box="[1070,1172,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">koreanus</emphasis>
(Kobayashi, 1938)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FA72F90FFE96EE42" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="geojeinsulae">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FA72F90FFA26EE6E" box="[1412,1429,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61F8F3FE96EE42" box="[151,293,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">geojeinsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Song &amp; Paik, 1970b),
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FDCEF8F3FC0AEE42" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" box="[568,953,1808,1833]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="draconis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDCEF8F3FDFAEE42" box="[568,585,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDAFF8F3FD08EE42" box="[601,699,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">draconis</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2001
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC30F8F3FAC4EE42" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" box="[966,1399,1808,1833]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="naejangensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC30F8F3FC64EE42" box="[966,983,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC11F8F2FBCAEE42" box="[999,1145,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">naejangensis</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2001
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FA72F8F3FDBFEE26" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piagolensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FA72F8F3FA26EE42" box="[1412,1429,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FF61F8D7FEA4EE26" box="[151,279,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">piagolensis</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2001
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FDE0F8D7FC09EE26" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" box="[534,954,1844,1869]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taebaekensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDE0F8D7FD94EE26" box="[534,551,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FDC3F8D7FD77EE26" box="[565,708,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">taebaekensis</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2001
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC05F8D7FABDEE26" authority="Hong, 2007" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="2007" box="[1011,1294,1844,1869]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="angulatus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC05F8D7FBB7EE26" box="[1011,1028,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FBE4F8D7FB32EE26" box="[1042,1153,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">angulatus</emphasis>
Hong, 2007
</taxonomicName>
. The present species has small oval-shaped white porophores lateral to large roughly circular raised genital papillae, in which it is different from other Korean
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FE19F89FFDEEEEFE" box="[495,605,1916,1940]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FE19F89FFDEEEEFE" box="[495,605,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amynthas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with pads in the male field. If such pads are present, the pores are usually in seminal grooves on the pads. The pads are present in
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FCDEF843FC7DEED2" box="[808,974,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FCDEF843FC1CEED2" box="[808,943,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="draconis">A. draconis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FC4BF843FC7DEED2" box="[957,974,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="fibulus" subSpecies="ranunculus">A</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FC28F843FB67EED2" box="[990,1236,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
fibulus ranunculus,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FB35F843FB67EED2" box="[1219,1236,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="geojeinsulae">A</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB13F843FE9AEEB6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
geojeinsulae,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FA72F843FE9AEEB6" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="naejangensis">A. naejangensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FE96F827FE5CEEB6" box="[352,495,1988,2012]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="angulatus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FE96F827FEC2EEB6" box="[352,369,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FE76F827FE5CEEB6" box="[384,495,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">angulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in these cases there are seminal grooves in the pads. Though
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCEFFC7FB2AF827FA2FEEB6" box="[1244,1436,1988,2012]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="fibulus" subSpecies="fibulus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB2AF827FB5EEEB6" box="[1244,1261,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCEFFC7FB0AF827FA2FEEB6" box="[1276,1436,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">fibulus fibulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pads, the pores are in the center of the pads without seminal grooves. The pads are absent from
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCFFFC6FB07FF7BFAC6E9DA" box="[1265,1397,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCFFFC6FB07FF7BFAC6E9DA" box="[1265,1397,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCFFFC6FA72FF7BFEA4E9BE" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piagolensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCFFFC6FA72FF7BFEA4E9BE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. piagolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCFFFC6FEBBFF5FFE48E9BE" box="[333,507,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taebaekensis">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCFFFC6FEBBFF5FFE48E9BE" box="[333,507,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. taebaekensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the pores are not in seminal grooves, but are simple.
<taxonomicName id="4C17F1B2FFCFFFC6FB77FF5FFAC3E9BE" box="[1153,1392,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kobayashii">
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCFFFC6FB77FF5FFAC3E9BE" box="[1153,1392,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Amynthas kobayashii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has very large reniform pads with the male pores situated at the lateral margin of each pad, and no setae between the male pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA88A31FFCFFFC6FF31FEC4FB1BE8ED" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
Other
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCFFFC6FEE6FECAFED0E82A" box="[272,355,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">morrisi</emphasis>
group species were reported in Beddard (1892, 1895, 1896), Chen (1933, 1936, 1938, 1946), Gates (1926, 1936, 1968), Michaelsen (1892, 1923, 1927), and Rosa (1894) recorded some species in
<emphasis id="B9635623FFCFFFC6FABFFEAEFA2FE80E" box="[1353,1436,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">morrisi</emphasis>
group, but all these earthworms species had different genital markings and male pore shapes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>