336 lines
32 KiB
XML
336 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329703" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2de37bc1-3782-435b-b655-0f9d77f7afe9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193873958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329703" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1646409764810" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Tepe, EJ & Bohs, L" docDate="2011" docId="03BC87C5FFEE823FFF5DFB455F569686" docLanguage="en" docName="SystBot.36.4.1068-1087.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Botany 36 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X605074" docTitle="Solanum pacificum Tepe" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1082" masterDocId="FF85FFBDFFE08230FFFDFFB45C5B9424" masterDocTitle="A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum" masterLastPageNumber="1087" masterPageNumber="1068" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" updateTime="1646746551081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tepe, EJ</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, 257 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U. S. A.; Department of Biological Sciences, 614 Rieveschl Hall, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eric.tepe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bohs, L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, 257 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1068</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1087</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X605074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1600/036364411X605074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">2de37bc1-3782-435b-b655-0f9d77f7afe9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6327846</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193873958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C5FFEE823FFF5DFB455F569686" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C5FFEE823FFF5DFB455F569686" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1082" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<subSubSection box="[160,478,1264,1286]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[160,809,1264,2001]" box="[160,478,1264,1286]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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7.
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<taxonomicName authority="Tepe," box="[188,478,1264,1286]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">SOLANUM PACIFICUM Tepe,</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[160,809,1264,2001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<treatmentCitation author="Tepe" journal="J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas" page="512" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" score="40.90363731533313" volume="3" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation author="Tepe, E. J. & L. Bohs" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" pagination="511 - 519" part="3" refId="ref29102" refString="Tepe, E. J. and L. Bohs. 2009. Three new species of Solanum section Herpystichum (Solanaceae) from Ecuador. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3: 511 - 519." title="Three new species of Solanum section Herpystichum (Solanaceae) from Ecuador" type="journal article" year="2009">J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3: 512. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[160,809,1264,2001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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—TYPE:
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698005310" collectingDate="2009-02-05" collectionCode="QCNE" collectorName="E. J. Tepe" country="Ecuador" elevation="215" location="Centro Cientifico Rio Palenque, in secondary forest" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry box="[364,490,1294,1315]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion box="[505,605,1294,1316]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C5FFEE823FFF5DFB455F569686:8ECA6008FFEE823EFD91FABA5E619165" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Cientifico Rio Palenque, in secondary forest" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" stateProvince="Los Rios">Centro Científico Río Palenque, in secondary forest</location>
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,
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<quantity box="[581,647,1323,1345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="215.0">
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<elevation box="[581,647,1323,1345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="215.0">215 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date box="[659,772,1323,1345]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="2009-02-05">
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<collectingDate box="[659,772,1323,1345]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="2009-02-05">5 Feb 2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(fl, fr),
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<emphasis box="[246,446,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<collectorName box="[246,337,1353,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">E. J. Tepe</collectorName>
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et al. 2696
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[460,558,1352,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode box="[568,644,1352,1373]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
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!;
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</materialsCitation>
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isotypes: BM!, MO!, NY–NY01163476!, QCA!, UT!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[160,809,1264,2001]" lastBlockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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Herbaceous vine, climbing secondary vegetation in gaps. Stems slender, weakly herbaceous, glabrous; fertile branch tips pendent. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, the blades 14–19 ×
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<quantity box="[319,413,1509,1531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="6.25" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–8 cm</quantity>
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, 2–3 times as long as wide, lanceolate to ovate, membranaceous to thinly chartaceous, moderately to densely sand-punctate, glabrous adaxially and abaxially; venation pinnate, with 4–7 pairsofsecondaryveins, these densely sand-punctate; base rounded to obtuse, more or less symmetrical; margins entire; apex acuminate; petioles
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1– 1.5 cm</quantity>
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, densely sand-punctate, glabrous. Internodes
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<quantity box="[711,804,1685,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–7 cm</quantity>
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. Inflorescences
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<quantity box="[324,482,1715,1737]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 cmlong</quantity>
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, slender, unbranched, extraaxillary, with 17–58 flowers (scars), the axes glabrous, slender; peduncle
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<quantity box="[314,409,1773,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.0">2–4.5 cm</quantity>
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; rachis ca.
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<quantity box="[525,578,1773,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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; pedicels
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<quantity box="[683,780,1774,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
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in flower, slender,
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<quantity box="[325,432,1803,1825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
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in fruit, enlarged apically, glabrous, spaced nearly contiguously to
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<quantity box="[487,560,1832,1854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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apart. Calyx
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<quantity box="[705,808,1832,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
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long, glabrous to minutely and sparsely ciliate along margins, the tube
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<quantity box="[311,432,1891,1913]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
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long, the lobes 0.5–0.6 ×
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<quantity box="[699,804,1891,1912]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
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, rounded, rounded to weakly acuminate at tips; fruiting calyx somewhat accrescent, the lobes 0.6–0.8 × ca.
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<quantity box="[651,717,1950,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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. Corolla
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<quantity box="[160,255,1979,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, ca.
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||
<quantity box="[438,501,1979,2001]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, stellate, membranous, green to white near the margins of the petals, the lobes 4–5 ×
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<quantity box="[856,980,189,211]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.5 mm</quantity>
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, ovate, reflexed at maturity, acute at apices, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the margins ciliate. Stamens subequal, with filaments ca.
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<quantity box="[1168,1248,248,270]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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long, glabrous; anthers 1.5–2 ×
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<quantity box="[935,1057,278,299]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.2 mm</quantity>
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. Ovary glabrous; style 4–4.5 ×
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<quantity box="[1378,1500,278,299]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
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, glabrous, slightly clavate; stigma truncate. Fruit (immature) ca. 0.9 ×
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<quantity box="[950,1021,336,358]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
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, ovoid, somewhat flattened, pointed at apex, green, glabrous. Seeds unknown.
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<figureCitation box="[1213,1340,365,387]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[184,220,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[160,1504,158,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[160,1504,158,1791]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG.1. Flowers fruits, and habit of Solanum sect. Herpystichum: A. Solanum limoncochaense, habit, flower, and bud. B. S. limoncochaense fruit in situ and C. in cross section (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2627, QCNE). D. S. trifolium flower and leaf (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2682, QCNE). E. S. phaseoloides habit, flower, and leaf (photo by W. H. Haber). F. S. crassinervium habit (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2729, QCNE), and G. flowers (S. Stern & E. J. Tepe 400, QCNE). H. S. evolvulifolium habit and flower, and I. fruit (immature) (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2671, QCNE). J. S. pacificum inflorescence with flowers, buds, and fruit (immature), and K. habit (E. J. Tepe et al. 2696, QCNE). L. S. loxophyllum habit, note adventitious roots at nodes, and M. older stem with inflorescences, note figure eightshaped stem (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2726, QCNE). Inflorescences emerge from the cleft between the two lobes of the stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Figure 1J–K</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<emphasis box="[880,1386,394,416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,1191,394,416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Habitat and Distribution—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[1191,1386,395,416]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">Solanum pacificum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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occurs in primary and secondary rainforest habitats in the Pacific lowlands of
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<collectingCountry box="[947,1038,453,475]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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;
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<quantity box="[1048,1147,453,475]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="380.0" valueMin="50.0">50–380 m</quantity>
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in elevation (
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<figureCitation box="[1291,1350,453,476]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[880,916,1981,2000]" captionTargetBox="[856,1504,1466,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-1198@14.[856,1504,1466,1956]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG.8. Distribution of Solanum pacificum and S. pentaphyllum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327862/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,1018,482,504]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Phenology—</emphasis>
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Flowering specimens have been collected from Feb.–Aug.; the
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<typeStatus box="[1081,1128,513,534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">type</typeStatus>
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collection, collected in Feb., is the only fruiting specimen seen. It is likely that fruiting is more frequent than the collection record indicates.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,1123,600,621]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Conservation Status—</emphasis>
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According to the IUCN red list categories (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[934,1056,630,652]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" publicationUrl="fromhttp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf." refId="ref28409" refString="IUCN. 2010. Guidelines for Using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 8. 0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010. Downloadable fromhttp: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf." title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 8. 0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010" type="book" year="2010">IUCN 2010</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName box="[1072,1192,630,651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
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<emphasis box="[1072,1192,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. pacificum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is classified as B1a+3iii (critically endangered) and D2 (vulnerable because of restricted area of occupancy). This species is restricted to lowland rainforest habitats of western
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<collectingCountry box="[1133,1223,717,739]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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. This habitat
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<typeStatus box="[1366,1413,718,739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">type</typeStatus>
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has suffered extreme degradation, and has been reduced from an estimated
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<quantity box="[969,1080,776,798]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="32000.0">32,000 km</quantity>
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1079,1086,776,788]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">2</superScript>
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to ca.
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<quantity box="[1164,1262,776,798]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="1500.0">1,500 km</quantity>
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1262,1269,776,788]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">2</superScript>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Dodson and Gentry" firstAuthor="Dodson" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" pagination="273 - 295" part="78" refId="ref28251" refString="Dodson, C. H. and A. H. Gentry. 1991. Biological extinction in western Ecuador. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78: 273 - 295." title="Biological extinction in western Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1991">Dodson and Gentry 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The six known collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1255,1378,806,827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1378,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from a small portion of this area, and because of the extensive habitat destruction, it is possible that this species survives only within the
|
||
<quantity box="[971,1054,893,915]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="0.87">0.87 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1054,1061,893,905]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">2</superScript>
|
||
Centro Científico Río Palenque.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,1212,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,1021,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Etymology—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1021,1212,923,944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">Solanum pacificum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is named after the Pacific lowlands of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[990,1079,952,974]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
where it is endemic, and for María Paz Moreno, the first author’s wife and frequent field companion. “Pax,” Latin for peace, is the root of both “Pacific” and “Paz.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1082" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,1157,1069,1091]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,967,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Notes—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[967,1157,1069,1091]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">Solanum pacificum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a climbing species recognizable by its completely glabrous vegetative parts; slender, weakly herbaceous stems; small, greenish flowers; and large, thin leaves. The leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1125,1244,1158,1179]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1125,1244,1158,1179]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deep purplish-green above with whitish veins, and are weakly to intensely purple below. The upper surfaces of fresh leaves have a distinctly velvety luster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[856,1504,160,1414]" lastBlockId="15.[128,782,160,891]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1082" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
Within sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bitter" box="[1019,1158,1275,1296]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1086" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Herpystichum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1158,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Herpystichum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[856,1015,1304,1326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,1015,1304,1326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. dolichorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs in having leaves with ± symmetrical vs. distinctly oblique leaf bases and green, herbaceous vs. tan, woody stems. It can be distinguished from other climbing species by the texture, shape, and size of the leaves.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1082" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1082" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Solanum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" box="[568,782,160,182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,710,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">S. leptorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
Bitter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walp." baseAuthorityName="G. Don" box="[191,456,189,211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="1086" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Geminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[191,286,190,211]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">Geminata</emphasis>
|
||
(G. Don) Walp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.] in the size and shape of the leaves, the long, slender inflorescences, and small, greenishwhite, stellate flowers; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[481,624,248,270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,624,248,270]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">S. leptorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an upright, woody shrub with unifoliate sympodial units on flowering stems and geminate leaves at nonflowering nodes. In contract,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[187,306,336,358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[187,306,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">S. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has plurifoliate sympodial units and always has only one leaf per node (i.e. not geminate).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327862" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6327862" box="[880,1437,1981,2000]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327862/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" startId="14.[880,916,1981,2000]" targetBox="[856,1504,1466,1956]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[880,1437,1981,2000]" box="[880,1437,1981,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
FIG.8. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1095,1251,1981,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1251,1981,2000]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Solanum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bitter" box="[1294,1427,1981,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1427,1981,2000]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. pentaphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[128,782,160,891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,472,391,411]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">Additional Specimens Examined—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[472,577,391,410]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Junction of the provinces Bolivar,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[254,308,415,434]" country="Ecuador" name="Canar" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">Cañar</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[319,431,415,434]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">Chimborazo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[482,551,415,434]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">Guayas</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Foothills of the western cordillera near the village of Bucay,
|
||
<quantity box="[468,593,439,458]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" unit="ft" value="1125.0" valueMax="1250.0" valueMin="1000.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[468,513,439,458]" degrees="1,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" precision="55" value="1.0">1,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[513,569,439,458]" degrees="1,250" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" precision="55" value="-1.25">–1,250</geoCoordinate>
|
||
ft
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[605,734,439,459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" value="1945-06-08" valueMax="1945-06-15" valueMin="1945-06-08">8–15 Jun 1945</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,300,463,483]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[128,148,464,482]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
|
||
. H. Camp E-3782
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[313,351,463,482]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[367,447,463,483]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Cantón Quevedo, Centro Científico Río Palenque, along road between Santo Domingo de los Colorados and Quevedo at km 47,
|
||
<quantity box="[344,404,511,530]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" unit="km" value="1.7">1.7 km</quantity>
|
||
Sof Patricia Pilar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[574,628,511,530]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" precision="925" value="-0.5833333">0°35’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[634,708,511,530]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" precision="925" value="-79.35">79°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[717,772,511,531]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[128,221,535,555]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" value="1992-04-09">9 Apr 1992</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis box="[263,403,535,555]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">T. B. Croat 73807</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[413,450,535,554]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
); Río Palenque Biological Station, km 56 Rd. Quevedo-Santo Domingo,
|
||
<quantity box="[422,516,559,579]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" unit="m" value="185.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="150.0">150–220 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[524,624,559,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" value="1974-10-26">26 Oct 1974</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">C. H. Dodson 5663</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[182,221,583,602]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
); Río Palenque Biological Station, km 56 Rd. Quevedo-Santo Domingo,
|
||
<quantity box="[221,315,607,627]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" unit="m" value="185.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="150.0">150–220 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[323,420,607,627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" value="1975-08-07">7 Aug 1975</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[459,614,607,627]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">C. H. Dodson 5933</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU, MO, QCA,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[128,166,631,650]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
); Río Palenque Field Station, half way between Quevedo and Santo Domingo de los Colorados,
|
||
<quantity box="[375,429,655,675]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[438,539,655,674]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" value="1974-02-22">22 Feb 1974</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[580,717,655,675]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082">A. Gentry 10109</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[729,770,655,674]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="15" pageNumber="1082" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |