448 lines
101 KiB
XML
448 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="2210BCD1E73B03A6CD91F2275D2AD27B" ID-CLB-Dataset="39050" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.46291" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3363213d-a1ba-4dae-bc92-0beacc57fe63" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="98003" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1463491572254" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Charles Lienhard & Alfonso N. García Aldrete" docDate="2016" docId="03B5D7187549FF87FEE90018F2AFFAFA" docLanguage="en" docName="rsz_123_1_7.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Psyllipsocus stupendus Lienhard & Aldrete, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="FF8CAF607548FF81FFF0032BF612FFBA" masterDocTitle="An extraordinary new species of Psyllipsocus (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Psyllipsocidae) from the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1698662532302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="93C0114EEEE49A46C544966867A1ADE1">An extraordinary new species of Psyllipsocus (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Psyllipsocidae) from the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="954245BB05BAEE0216B7E915FA8750CD">Charles Lienhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A929B14F7C803F937F9535D920ACD56B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="36F93E4AF64B1B245F287A6F90B78B08">Alfonso N. García Aldrete</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FAA7324CE120B4207B1185131249CDD5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="38DA3A1A398143F4A71C74C704421FE8">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5E8B566AB9814C062816778BBAB1D7F8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="FC66225ED488D500C225974A37809A2D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="057A30CA3096C9C5E32DBEABDA856AD6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.46291</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B5D7187549FF87FEE90018F2AFFAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6088708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120681826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6088708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5D7187549FF87FEE90018F2AFFAFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5D7187549FF87FEE90018F2AFFAFA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="C30635857549FF80FEE90018F460FCF7" box="[281,626,819,845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FEE90018F460FCF7" blockId="1.[281,626,819,877]" box="[281,626,819,845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0EBD1627549FF80FEE90018F460FCF7" bold="true" box="[281,626,819,845]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FEE90018F460FCF7" bold="true" box="[281,626,819,845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D7549FF80FEE90018F404FCF1" ID-CoL="4PSB4" box="[281,534,819,843]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FEE90018F404FCF1" bold="true" box="[281,534,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Psyllipsocus stupendus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B07677549FF80FDED001EF460FCF7" box="[541,626,821,845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30635857549FF80FE69007FF7E0FCD7" box="[409,498,852,877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FE69007FF7E0FCD7" blockId="1.[281,626,819,877]" box="[409,498,852,877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FE69007FF7E0FCD7" box="[409,498,852,877]" captionStart-0="Fig. 1" captionStart-1="Fig. 2" captionStart-2="Fig. 3" captionStart-3="Fig. 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,186,953,974]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,257,947]" captionTargetBox-2="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetBox-3="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[148,1440,254,948]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., schematic representation of male genitalia. (A) Hypandrium with phallic cradle (interrupted lines) and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines) between phallic cradle and phallic sclerites (medially detached from phallic sclerites), ventral view. (B) Detached right hooked sclerite with part of ligament (in situ situated dorsally near base of posterior hypandrial lobe, see Fig. 1 D). (C) Phallic claspers, endophallic tube, basal struts and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines, laterally detached from phallic cradle), dorsal view; endophallic tube damaged laterally in posterior half by pulling out of phallic cradle during dissection." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/399356/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 1-4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30635857549FF80FF6700AFF4DEFAD4" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FF6700AFF739FBE1" blockId="1.[151,756,899,1115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FF6700AFF71AFC26" bold="true" box="[151,264,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Holotype:</emphasis>
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MHNG; male (slide-mounted); Mexico, Morelos state, Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Huautla, 2.5 km N and 4 km W of the Centro de Educación Ambiental e Investigación Sierra de Huautla (CEAMISH), 940 m; 12.-17.iii.1996, Malaise trap 2; 18˚ 27’.671 N, 99˚ 02’.475 W [right wings and left maxillary palp lacking].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FF67075FF4DEFAD4" blockId="1.[151,757,1140,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FF67075FF706FB36" bold="true" box="[151,276,1140,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Paratypes:</emphasis>
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MHNG and CNIN (slide-mounted or in alcohol). – 6 males, 6 females (one of them allotype); same locality as for holotype; ii.-vi.1996, Malaise traps. – 1 female, 1 nymph; same locality, on rock outcrop; 9.vi.1996, leg. T. Martínez. – 1 female; Mexico, Morelos state, Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Huautla, Municipio de Tepalcingo, El Limón de Cuauchichinola, 1200 m, on rock outcrop; 11.v.1996, leg T. Martínez.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30635857549FF80FF6706AFF7F5F9A6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FF6706AFF7F5F9A6" blockId="1.[151,756,1412,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FF6706AFF702FA21" bold="true" box="[151,272,1412,1435]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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This new species can be distinguished from all known species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D7549FF80FD9C068FF4E6FA01" box="[620,756,1444,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FD9C068FF4E6FA01" box="[620,756,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Psyllipsocus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the very particular male and female genitalia, the general structure of which is already observable in nondissected specimens in alcohol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30635857549FF80FF67051EF714F937" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FF67051EF714F937" blockId="1.[151,756,1588,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FF67051EF70EF9F7" bold="true" box="[151,284,1589,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The species epithet (Latin:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D7549FF80FDAB051FF4DBF9F1" box="[603,713,1588,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">stupendus</taxonomicName>
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, -a, -um) refers to the astonishing male and female genitalic structures.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30635857549FF82FF67058FF321FB50" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FF67058FF499F866" blockId="1.[151,756,1700,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FF67058FF736F901" bold="true" box="[151,292,1700,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Description:</emphasis>
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General colouration yellowish to medium brown. Head without particular facial markings, compound eye brown, maxillary palp uniformly light to medium brown, antenna light brown. Legs: femur light brown, tibia medium brown with whitish sub-basal zone, tarsus medium brown. Forewing hyaline with more or less intense brown markings along several veins in apical half (
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<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FEB304AEF797F824" box="[323,389,1925,1950]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A), hindwing hyaline (
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<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FD7D04AEF4C2F824" box="[653,720,1925,1950]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B). Abdomen whitish, basally and laterally with some brown hypodermal pigment, terminalia brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FF6704CEF5E2FBA6" blockId="1.[151,756,1700,2078]" lastBlockId="1.[831,1437,258,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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Both sexes macropterous (
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<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FE4604CEF7E1F844" box="[438,499,2021,2046]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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AB). Forewing: Rs and M fused for a length; distal closed cell slightly shorter than marginal length of pterostigma and much shorter than basal closed cell (bcc/dcc ≈ 3.6); first portion of pterostigmal R1 about equal in length to R1-Rs crossvein; CuA1 strongly curved, AP relativly short and high. Hindwing: Basal portion of Rs not differentiated and R1 originating from Rs-M fusion, thus closed cell triangular. Three ocelli present. Pilosity of frons and vertex almost uniform. Antenna with at least 23 segments (most antennae damaged); antennal flagellomeres with uneven surface (due to insertion points of long and relatively thick setae), in basal half of antenna maximal length of flagellar hairs about 5x greatest width of their flagellomeres; pedicellar microspades organ weakly developed (with only one unit). P2 with a weakly differentiated stout sensillum in basal half (somewhat thicker than other setae of similar length); P4 slender hatchet-shaped, with a prominent subapical sensillum (
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<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FB540028F2CDFCA6" box="[1188,1247,771,796]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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F). Lacinial tip as in
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<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FCAE0008F589FC86" box="[862,923,803,828]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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E. Pretarsal claws simple, symmetrical, with a small preapical denticle; hind legs with well-developed coxal organ. Epiproct and paraproct simple in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FC7B00A8F5DBFC26" box="[907,969,899,924]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G), anal spine long, setal organ consisting of two fine setae of about equal length, but the ventral seta somewhat thicker than the dorsal one, paraproctal sensorium with 6-7 fine trichobothria on basal florets and one normal seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF80FCCF070FF298F946" blockId="1.[831,1437,258,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FCCF070FF5F0FB81" box="[831,994,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Hypandrium and phallosome forming a ventrally bulged structure of about half the length of the abdomen, laterally articulated to the sclerotized rod-like antero-lateral margin of the clunium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FAC907AFF36BFB27" box="[1337,1401,1156,1181]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Hypandrium with a distinct posterior lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FAC3078FF367FB07" box="[1331,1397,1188,1213]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D); some long hairs on the lobe and near its base, remaining pilosity shorter (pilosity not shown in the figures); near base of the posterior lobe a pair of small dorsal hooked sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FC56060FF5FAFA87" box="[934,1000,1316,1341]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 2B), probably linked by ligaments to the phallic cradle and/or to the endophallic tube. Phallic cradle differentiated as a well-sclerotized frame on inner wall of hypandrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FBEC06AFF249FA27" box="[1052,1115,1412,1437]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[151,186,953,974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,947]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[148,1440,254,948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., schematic representation of male genitalia. (A) Hypandrium with phallic cradle (interrupted lines) and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines) between phallic cradle and phallic sclerites (medially detached from phallic sclerites), ventral view. (B) Detached right hooked sclerite with part of ligament (in situ situated dorsally near base of posterior hypandrial lobe, see Fig. 1 D). (C) Phallic claspers, endophallic tube, basal struts and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines, laterally detached from phallic cradle), dorsal view; endophallic tube damaged laterally in posterior half by pulling out of phallic cradle during dissection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399356/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Phallosome complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FA9D06AFF55BFA07" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 2C), with a pair of slender, movable, slightly curved and acutely pointed claspers; endophallic tube basally on each side with a half-moon shaped plate and distally tapering towards a pair of narrowly rounded and slightly curved tips; a pair of posteriorly directed basal struts inserted medially near anterior margin of hypandrium (forming a posteriorly opened V in ventral view; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FCCF05AEF569F924" box="[831,891,1669,1694]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
CD, interrupted lines), each strut linked to phallic cradle by a less sclerotized foliaceous structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FAB5058EF396F904" box="[1349,1412,1701,1726]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[151,186,953,974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,947]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[148,1440,254,948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., schematic representation of male genitalia. (A) Hypandrium with phallic cradle (interrupted lines) and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines) between phallic cradle and phallic sclerites (medially detached from phallic sclerites), ventral view. (B) Detached right hooked sclerite with part of ligament (in situ situated dorsally near base of posterior hypandrial lobe, see Fig. 1 D). (C) Phallic claspers, endophallic tube, basal struts and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines, laterally detached from phallic cradle), dorsal view; endophallic tube damaged laterally in posterior half by pulling out of phallic cradle during dissection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399356/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, dotted lines) attached on a small lateral denticle situated in about one third of its length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E7549FF82FCCF042EF4DDF8D2" blockId="1.[831,1437,258,2078]" lastBlockId="3.[151,756,1201,1897]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C7549FF80FCCF042EF5E5F8A6" box="[831,1015,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Complex sclerotized structures of v1, v2, vagina and spermapore plate readily visible through the largely membranous subgenital plate in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FCB7044EF59EF8C4" box="[839,908,1893,1918]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Subgenital plate membranous dorsally, at most weakly sclerotized ventrally, roughly triangular, bearing hairs of medium length on ventral surface but no particularly long setae on hind margin. Gonapophysis v3 typical for the genus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B7549FF80FBAD04CDF2B2F844" box="[1117,1184,2022,2046]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), almost rectangular, weakly sclerotized, bearing some stouter laterodistal setae (somewhat thicker than other setae of same length); v1 and v2 well-developed, elongated and strongly sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FF0507DAF725FAB0" box="[245,311,1265,1290]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
AB), basally widened and connected to the sclerotized and longitudinally folded dorsal wall of the vagina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FEED061AF773FAF0" box="[285,353,1329,1354]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Posterior part of this sclerotized vaginal tube laterally articulated to its anterior part by a joint-like connection (x in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FE3A065AF418FA30" box="[458,522,1393,1418]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Dorsal wall of the genital chamber transversally double-folded, resulting in a ventral main compartment, dorsally delimited by the sclerotized vaginal wall, and a dorsal secondary compartment, dorsally delimited by the spermapore plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FF2E053AF731F990" box="[222,291,1553,1578]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Spermapore plate elongated and wellsclerotized, with a longitudinal ventral bulge on each side covering a region of glandular tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FDD4057AF473F9D0" box="[548,609,1617,1642]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, interrupted lines); spermapore opened into an ovally semicircular sclerite at the anterior end of the spermapore plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FD3505BAF6B3F970" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H, 3B), situated proximally in the dorsal compartment of the genital chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FE4305FAF7EEF950" box="[435,508,1745,1770]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Spermatheca thinwalled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FF0205DAF721F8B0" box="[242,307,1777,1802]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G), very fragile, its duct greatly coiled; spermatophore only observed in one female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754BFF82FD65043AF4C5F890" box="[661,727,1809,1834]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G: the structure figured may correspond to two simple spermatophores or to one more complex spermatophore).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF633686754AFF83FF6704B9F38AF7A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" targetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754AFF83FF6704B9F38AF7A1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1938,2076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Fig. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754AFF83FF1504B9F7D1F81D" box="[229,451,1938,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754AFF83FF1504B9F7D1F81D" box="[229,451,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Psyllipsocus stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B0767754AFF83FE3904B8F406F812" box="[457,532,1939,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp8 = spiracle of 8th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF633686754BFF82FF670092F7FDFBE4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399356/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" targetBox="[151,1436,257,947]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754BFF82FF670092F7FDFBE4" blockId="3.[151,1437,953,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Fig. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FF150092F7D1FC74" box="[229,451,953,974]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FF150092F7D1FC74" box="[229,451,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Psyllipsocus stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B0767754BFF82FE3A0091F40AFC75" box="[458,536,954,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, schematic representation of male genitalia. (A) Hypandrium with phallic cradle (interrupted lines) and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines) between phallic cradle and phallic sclerites (medially detached from phallic sclerites), ventral view. (B) Detached right hooked sclerite with part of ligament (in situ situated dorsally near base of posterior hypandrial lobe, see Fig. 1D). (C) Phallic claspers, endophallic tube, basal struts and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines, laterally detached from phallic cradle), dorsal view; endophallic tube damaged laterally in posterior half by pulling out of phallic cradle during dissection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754BFF82FF6704ABF321FB50" blockId="3.[151,756,1920,2073]" lastBlockId="3.[832,1436,1201,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FF6704ABF734F82D" bold="true" box="[151,294,1920,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Dimensions:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FEC504ABF7CAF82D" box="[309,472,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Male holotype</emphasis>
|
||
: BL = 1.7 mm; FW = 1820 μm; FWw = 650 μm; FW/FWw = 2.8; HW = 1510 μm; F = 342 μm; T = 720 μm; t1 = 270 μm; t2 = 45 μm; t3 = 54 μm; IO/D = 1.41. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FDE704CBF4D6F84D" box="[535,708,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Female allotype</emphasis>
|
||
: BL = 1.8 mm; FW = 1750 μm; FWw = 650 μm; FW/FWw = 2.7; HW = 1440 μm; F = 348 μm; T = 715 μm; t1 = 260 μm; t2 = 47 μm; t3 = 51 μm; IO/D = 1.44.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3063585754BFF82FCB0062BF5A4F99D" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754BFF82FCB0062BF323FACD" blockId="3.[832,1437,1280,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FCB0062BF5C6FAAD" bold="true" box="[832,980,1280,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Mexico, Morelos state, mountains of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, on rock outcrops (but most known specimens collected in Malaise traps without indication of biotope or microhabitat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754BFF82FCB006BBF5A4F99D" blockId="3.[832,1436,1423,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FCB006BBF5C9FA1C" bold="true" box="[832,987,1423,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
Mexico, Morelos state, Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, 2.5 km N and 4 km W of the Centro de Educación Ambiental e Investigación Sierra de Huautla (CEAMISH), 940 m, 18˚ 27’.671 N, 99˚ 02’.475 W.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3063585754BFF87FCB00514F2AFFAFA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754BFF84FCB00514F706F8C2" blockId="3.[831,1437,1598,2070]" lastBlockId="5.[151,756,1430,2079]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FCB00514F5A0F9ED" bold="true" box="[832,946,1599,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species seems to be related to a group of North and Middle American species characterized by distally elongated phallic structures with proximal insertion of a V-shaped pair of basal struts. The following species listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FAC00595F593F94D" author="Mockford E. L." journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show this type of male genitalia:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FAF905CBF272F8AF" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FAF905CBF38FF94F" box="[1289,1437,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. albipalpus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FCB005D5F5E2F8AD" author="Mockford E. L." box="[832,1008,1790,1815]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Mexico)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FB80042BF38EF8AD" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" box="[1136,1436,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apache">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FB80042BF2F3F8AF" box="[1136,1249,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. apache</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FB1C05D5F38EF8AD" author="Mockford E. L." box="[1260,1436,1790,1815]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Southwestern USA),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FBB4040BF5D8F8EF" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FBB4040BF2C0F88C" box="[1092,1234,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. flexuosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FB140435F38EF88D" author="Mockford E. L." box="[1252,1436,1822,1847]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Guatemala)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FC14046BF38EF8ED" authority="Garcia Aldrete, 1993" authorityName="Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="1993" box="[996,1436,1854,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FC14046BF291F8EF" box="[996,1155,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Garcia Aldrete, 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mexico, USA),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FBF1044BF33EF8CD" authority="Gurney, 1943" authorityName="Gurney" authorityYear="1943" box="[1025,1324,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FBF1044BF296F8CF" box="[1025,1156,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. oculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Gurney, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mexico, USA),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FC7B04ABF33CF82F" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" box="[907,1326,1918,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poblanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FC7B04ABF21FF82F" box="[907,1037,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. poblanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FBE50455F2D3F82D" author="Mockford E. L." box="[1045,1217,1918,1943]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Mexico)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FACB04ABF2F9F80F" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regiomontanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FACB04ABF5B8F80D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. regiomontanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FC4B04B5F261F80D" author="Mockford E. L." box="[955,1139,1950,1975]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Mexico)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FB0F048BF24DF86F" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FB0F048BF38EF80D" box="[1279,1436,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. squamatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FCCF0495F5FDF86D" author="Mockford E. L." box="[831,1007,1982,2007]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Mexico)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754BFF82FB9F04EBF563F84D" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754BFF82FB9F04EBF30CF86F" box="[1135,1310,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">P. subterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754BFF82FADA0495F563F84D" author="Mockford E. L." journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USA: Texas). In these species the arms of the basal struts are anteriorly directed, as in all other species of the genus that have well-developed basal struts. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FEE80693F7A2FA77" box="[280,432,1462,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FEE80693F7A2FA77" box="[280,432,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the structures which are here considered as homologous to the basal struts (see description) are posteriorly directed (forming a posteriorly opened V), probably due to the presence of extremely elongated phallic sclerites. The brachypterous species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FE830577F4D6F9C9" authority="Mockford, 2011" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="2011" box="[371,708,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kintpuashi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FE830577F41AF9C8" box="[371,520,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. kintpuashi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754DFF84FDE20570F4D6F9C9" author="Mockford E. L." box="[530,708,1627,1651]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="15 - 47" part="137" refString="Mockford E. L. 2011. New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137: 15 - 47." title="New species of Psyllipsocus (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae) from North and Middle America with a key to the species of the region" type="journal article" year="2011">Mockford, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the male of which is not known, may also be related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FF6705B5F737F909" box="[151,293,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FF6705B5F737F909" box="[151,293,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Its female has some stouter laterodistal setae on v3 and the spermathecal duct is greatly coiled, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FEF905F4F781F94F" box="[265,403,1758,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FEF905F4F781F94F" box="[265,403,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A tendency to sclerotization of the vaginal wall has never previously been observed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FEF5040BF799F88D" box="[261,395,1824,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FEF5040BF799F88D" box="[261,395,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Psyllipsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in all known species v2 and v3 are relatively short and membranous or only weakly sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF633686754CFF85FF67043CF35EF863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" targetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754CFF85FF67043CF35EF863" blockId="4.[151,1441,1815,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754CFF85FF15043CF7D3F896" box="[229,449,1815,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754CFF85FF15043CF7D3F896" box="[229,449,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Psyllipsocus stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B0767754CFF85FE360433F41DF897" box="[454,527,1816,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v1 and v2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i.e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3C and 4E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3B and 4E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v1, v2, v3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF633686754DFF84FF670711F4E5FA8F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" targetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754DFF84FF670711F4E5FA8F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1082,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FE990758F45BFB32" box="[361,585,1139,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FE990758F45BFB32" box="[361,585,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Psyllipsocus stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B0767754DFF84FDA0075FF48DFB33" box="[592,671,1140,1161]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754DFF84FF6704A8F320FA77" blockId="5.[151,756,1430,2079]" lastBlockId="5.[831,1436,1430,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
In spite of the striking autapomorphic genital characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FF43048FF724F800" box="[179,310,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FF43048FF724F800" box="[179,310,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is at present not justified to consider this species as a representative of a new genus. Concerning the non-genitalic structures, it fits well in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FF670B2DF70EF7A7" box="[151,284,2054,2077]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FF670B2DF70EF7A7" box="[151,284,2054,2077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Psyllipsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it is almost certain that this genus would become paraphyletic by a generic separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FCCF069CF5D7FA77" box="[831,965,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FCCF069CF5D7FA77" box="[831,965,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For further discussion see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754DFF84FCCF053EF5F0F997" blockId="5.[831,994,1557,1581]" box="[831,994,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<heading id="D0EBD162754DFF84FCCF053EF5F0F997" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[831,994,1557,1581]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FCCF053EF5F0F997" bold="true" box="[831,994,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754DFF84FCCF056DF338F866" blockId="5.[831,1437,1605,2077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
In two of the three dissected females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FAFC056DF384F9E6" box="[1292,1430,1605,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FAFC056DF384F9E6" box="[1292,1430,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genitalia were in normal resting position (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754DFF84FA9E054EF55BF927" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 4B), as in the other alcohol-preserved females of the present material. That of the female no. 8164 show an evaginated dorsal compartment of the genital chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754DFF84FCB705CEF59BF947" box="[839,905,1765,1789]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D), although this may be an artifact, possibly due to stress during fixation in alcohol. Without detailed observations of copulation and oviposition it is impossible to make a sound functional interpretation of the unusual genital morphology in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FBCF044DF2DAF8C6" box="[1087,1224,1893,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754DFF84FBCF044DF2DAF8C6" box="[1087,1224,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It may nontheless be of interest to present some preliminary hypotheses about the functional morphology of the complex male and female genitalic structures in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754DFF84FCCF04CEF38EF7A6" blockId="5.[831,1437,1605,2077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Fig. 4A shows the standard structure of female terminalia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754DFF84FC680B2DF203F7A7" box="[920,1041,2054,2077]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Psocoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In some psocids the vagina (genital
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754EFF87FF670229F4C6FDAD" blockId="6.[151,756,258,2079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
chamber) is subdivided by a membranous transversal fold of its dorsal wall in a ventral main compartment and a smaller dorsal compartment (e. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FDB10269F4D7FEE3" box="[577,709,322,345]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopsocidae" genus="Stenopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FDB10269F4D7FEE3" box="[577,709,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Stenopsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FF67024BF755FEC3" author="Badonnel A." box="[151,327,352,377]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Biologique de France et de Belgique, Paris, Suppl. 18" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 237" refString="Badonnel A. 1934. Recherches sur l'anatomie des Psoques. Bulletin Biologique de France et de Belgique, Paris, Suppl. 18: 1 - 237." title="Recherches sur l'anatomie des Psoques" type="book chapter" year="1934">Badonnel, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spermathecal duct opens directly into the main compartment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FE2A02ABF47AFE23" author="Weber H." box="[474,616,384,409]" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="457 - 486" part="138" refString="Weber H. 1931. Die Lebensgeschichte von Ectopsocus parvulus (Kolbe, 1882). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der einheimischen Copeognathen. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie 138: 457 - 486." title="Die Lebensgeschichte von Ectopsocus parvulus (Kolbe, 1882). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der einheimischen Copeognathen" type="journal article" year="1931">Weber, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or into the dorsal compartment near the distal part of the ventral compartment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FEC60294F7FAFE62" author="Badonnel A." box="[310,488,447,472]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Biologique de France et de Belgique, Paris, Suppl. 18" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 237" refString="Badonnel A. 1934. Recherches sur l'anatomie des Psoques. Bulletin Biologique de France et de Belgique, Paris, Suppl. 18: 1 - 237." title="Recherches sur l'anatomie des Psoques" type="book chapter" year="1934">Badonnel, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FE070294F422FE6C" author="Badonnel A." box="[503,560,447,470]" editor="Grasse P. - P." journalOrPublisher="Paris. Vol. 10" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="1301 - 1340" refString="Badonnel A. 1951. Psocopteres (pp. 1301 - 1340). In: Grasse P. - P. Traite de Zoologie. Paris. Vol. 10, fasc. 2." title="Psocopteres" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Traite de Zoologie" year="1951">1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For fertilization the sperm is released from the spermatheca and reaches the egg when it moves past the spermapore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FD8202D5F4DAFDAD" box="[626,712,510,535]" captionStart-0="Fig. 4" captionStart-1="Fig. 4 A" captionStartId-0="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionStartId-1="5.[831,870,2021,2044]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." captionText-1="Fig. 4 A shows the standard structure of female terminalia in Psocoptera. In some psocids the vagina (genital" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754EFF87FF670134F7C8FBD7" blockId="6.[151,756,258,2079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
In the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FEB20134F7D4FD8E" box="[322,454,541,566]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FEB20134F7D4FD8E" box="[322,454,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal wall of the genital chamber is transversally double-folded; the ventral compartment is dorsally delimited by the sclerotized part of the vagina; the dorsal compartment is ventrally delimited by a thin membrane and dorsally by the elongate spermapore plate which bears proximally the opening of the spermathecal duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FE6401F1F7C4FD49" box="[404,470,730,755]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). In the resting position, the distal end of the spermapore plate slightly surpasses the posterior end of the sclerotized vaginal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FD350032F6B3FCE8" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[148,1439,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Forewing, female. (B) Hindwing, female. (C) Male habitus, lateral view (antennae, palps, legs and wings not shown). (D) Male holotype, hypandrium and phallosome, ventral view (pilosity not figured; basal struts shown by interrupted lines). (E) Lacinial tip, male. (F) Maxillary palp, male (ordinary pilosity not shown). (G) Female allotype (no. 8162), ventral view of dissected abdominal apex, see also Fig. 4 B (pilosity of subgenital plate not shown; sp 8 = spiracle of 8 th segment). (H) Female paratype (no. 8163), spermapore plate and distal parts of paraprocts, ventral view, see also Fig. 4 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399359/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 4B). The situation after dissection of the terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FF6F0073F6F1FCCB" box="[159,227,856,881]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and the observation of the evaginated dorsal compartment in the female no. 8164 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FDEF0053F44FFC2B" box="[543,605,888,913]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
DE) show that the membranous ventral wall of the dorsal compartment is attached to the distal end of the sclerotized part of the vaginal wall and entirely separated from the sclerotized dorsal wall of the ventral compartment. Thus, the position of the spermapore plate may vary during copulation and oviposition depending on the extent of evagination of the eversible dorsal compartment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754EFF87FF67075FF730FA5C" blockId="6.[151,756,258,2079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Assuming that the egg passes through the ventral compartment while female genitalia are in resting position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FF0E0798F752FB76" box="[254,320,1203,1228]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,259,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[148,1447,252,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Schematic representation of female abdominal apex, lateral view (ovipositor valvulae not shown). (A) General scheme of the abdominal apex of a typical female psocid, with egg in position for fertilization (modified after Weber, 1931 and Badonnel, 1951). (B-E) Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., with indication of non-schematic figures showing further details. (B) Normal resting position (females no. 8162 and 8163), ventral side of spp marked with a dotted line (lumen of gcd much exaggerated). (C) Female no. 8163, after dissection. (D) Female no. 8164, with evaginated gcd (artifact? – see Discussion). (E) Same female after dissection. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; co = common oviduct; ep = epiproct; gcd = genital chamber, dorsal compartment; gcv = genital chamber, ventral compartment; mv = membranous vagina; pgp = primary gonopore (opening of common oviduct); pp = paraproct; sgp = subgenital plate; sp = spermapore (opening of spermathecal duct); spp = spermapore plate; st = spermatheca; sv = sclerotized part of vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399360/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), it cannot enter in direct contact with the spermapore for fertilization. In this case, the sperm released from the spermatheca would have to swim toward the distal end of the spermapore plate before reaching the egg, probably passing between the lateral bulges of the spermapore plate which contain glandular tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FF12065BF730FA33" box="[226,290,1392,1417]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[160,1418,264,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[148,1440,254,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov. (A) Female paratype (no. 8163), left latero-ventral part of clunium (ventral view), left ovipositor valvulae (v 2 spread out) and sclerotized part of vagina (ventral to ventro-lateral view, somewhat deformed by slide mounting), see also Fig 4 C. (B) Female paratype (no. 8164), right v 1 and v 2, sclerotized part of vagina and evaginated spermapore plate (dorsal view; i. e. direct view on ventral side of spermapore plate), see also Figs 3 C and 4 E. (C) Schematic representation of dissected abdominal apex of female no. 8164, see also Figs 3 B and 4 E. Abbreviations: clu = clunium; ep = epiproct; lpp = left paraproct; rpp = right paraproct; spp = spermapore plate; sv = sclerotized part of vagina; v 1, v 2, v 3 = first (ventral), second (dorsal) and third (external) ovipositor valvula respectively; x = joint-like structure in sclerotized lateral vaginal wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399357/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Fertilization of the eggs seems therefore more complicated than in the standard situation, due to the presence of the sclerotized proximal part of the vaginal wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754EFF87FF6706C5F256FE83" blockId="6.[151,756,258,2079]" lastBlockId="6.[831,1437,258,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The presence of a pair of strongly sclerotized, apically curved and pointed phallic claspers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13277A8B754EFF87FDED0525F44EF99C" box="[541,604,1550,1574]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[151,186,953,974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,947]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[148,1440,254,948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Psyllipsocus stupendus sp. nov., schematic representation of male genitalia. (A) Hypandrium with phallic cradle (interrupted lines) and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines) between phallic cradle and phallic sclerites (medially detached from phallic sclerites), ventral view. (B) Detached right hooked sclerite with part of ligament (in situ situated dorsally near base of posterior hypandrial lobe, see Fig. 1 D). (C) Phallic claspers, endophallic tube, basal struts and basal connecting sclerites (dotted lines, laterally detached from phallic cradle), dorsal view; endophallic tube damaged laterally in posterior half by pulling out of phallic cradle during dissection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399356/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C), previously unknown in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FE500506F437F9FE" box="[416,549,1581,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FE500506F437F9FE" box="[416,549,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Psyllipsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggests that the sclerotized part of the vagina may have a protective function against traumatic effects of copulation, reminiscent of particular sclerotized structures associated with the vulvar area in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FE660580F490F97E" authority="Heteroptera" authorityName="Heteroptera" box="[406,642,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae (Heteroptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are interpreted as a defence system for the female against potential wounding by the male organ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FD9005C1F75CF89B" author="Pluot-Sigwalt D. & Matocq A." journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="557 - 570" part="19" refString="Pluot-Sigwalt D., Matocq A. 2006. On some particular sclerotized structures associated with the vulvar area and the vestibulum in Orthotylinae and Phylinae (Heteroptera, Miridae). Denisia 19: 557 - 570." title="On some particular sclerotized structures associated with the vulvar area and the vestibulum in Orthotylinae and Phylinae (Heteroptera, Miridae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Pluot-Sigwalt & Matocq, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But the sclerotized part of the vagina may also provide new anchoring sites on which males can hold the mate by using their unique phallic claspers. Alternatively, it is also possible that the sclerotized vagina forms a tube-like functional unit together with the sclerotized first and second ovipositor valvulae. The presence of much reduced and weakly sclerotized v1 and v2 in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FE5204CDF435F847" box="[418,551,2022,2045]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FE5204CDF435F847" box="[418,551,2022,2045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Psyllipsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests that these ovipositor valvulae may have a particular function in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FCCF0228F5D5FEA3" box="[831,967,258,282]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FCCF0228F5D5FEA3" box="[831,967,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possibly in combination with the adjacent sclerotized vaginal wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754EFF87FCCF0268F236FC44" blockId="6.[831,1437,258,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
In the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FC2B0269F2EDFEE1" authority="Lienhard, 2010" authorityName="Lienhard" authorityYear="2010" box="[987,1279,322,347]" class="Insecta" family="Prionoglarididae" genus="Neotrogla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FC2B0269F254FEE3" box="[987,1094,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Neotrogla</emphasis>
|
||
Lienhard, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belonging to the related trogiomorphan family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FB140249F38BFEC3" box="[1252,1433,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Prionoglarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prionoglarididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, structures associated with the spermapore are inserted deep into the male genital chamber during copulation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FCB702E8F256FE66" author="Mashimo Y. & Matsumura Y. & Machida R. & Dallai R. & Gottardo M. & Yoshizawa K. & Friedrich F. & Wipfler B. & Beutel R. G." box="[839,1092,451,476]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="371 - 393" part="45" refString="Mashimo Y., Matsumura Y., Machida R., Dallai R., Gottardo M., Yoshizawa K., Friedrich F., Wipfler B., Beutel R. G. 2014. 100 years Zoraptera - a phantom in insect evolution and the history of its investigation. Insect Systematics & Evolution 45: 371 - 393." title="100 years Zoraptera - a phantom in insect evolution and the history of its investigation" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Yoshizawa
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FC3502EFF5E7FE60" box="[965,1013,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which suggests the possibility of a somewhat similar mechanism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FB2C02CFF376FE40" box="[1244,1380,483,507]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FB2C02CFF376FE40" box="[1244,1380,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The close contact between the female spermapore and the opening of the male seminal duct, indispensable for the transmission of the spermatophore in the suborder Trogiomorpha (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FC1F014FF267FDC1" author="Klier E." box="[1007,1141,612,635]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung Anatomie)" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 286" part="75" refString="Klier E. 1956. Zur Konstruktionsmorphologie des mannlichen Geschlechtsapparates der Psocopteren. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung Anatomie) 75: 207 - 286." title="Zur Konstruktionsmorphologie des mannlichen Geschlechtsapparates der Psocopteren" type="journal article" year="1956">Klier, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FB77014FF387FDC6" author="Mashimo Y. & Matsumura Y. & Machida R. & Dallai R. & Gottardo M. & Yoshizawa K. & Friedrich F. & Wipfler B. & Beutel R. G." box="[1159,1429,612,636]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="371 - 393" part="45" refString="Mashimo Y., Matsumura Y., Machida R., Dallai R., Gottardo M., Yoshizawa K., Friedrich F., Wipfler B., Beutel R. G. 2014. 100 years Zoraptera - a phantom in insect evolution and the history of its investigation. Insect Systematics & Evolution 45: 371 - 393." title="100 years Zoraptera - a phantom in insect evolution and the history of its investigation" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Yoshizawa
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FAFA014EF350FDC1" box="[1290,1346,612,636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may be obtained in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FBEF01AEF2B5FD21" box="[1055,1191,644,668]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FBEF01AEF2B5FD21" box="[1055,1191,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by evagination of the dorsal compartment of the female genital chamber and the shallow insertion of the spermapore plate into the male genitalia. During copulation the phallic claspers may drag the extendable part of the female genitalia into the male body. An example of female genitalia shallowly inserted into the male abdomen in this way is known in the cricket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FC4D004EF35AFCC4" authority="De Geer, 1773" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1773" box="[957,1352,869,894]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FC4D004EF28BFCC6" box="[957,1177,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Gryllus bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
De Geer, 1773
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in this species the female copulatory papilla, bearing the opening of the spermathecal duct, is protruded and enters the male genital cavity where genital coupling is achieved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FAAF00EEF20BFC44" author="Sakai A. & Kumashiro M." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="705 - 718" part="21" refString="Sakai A., Kumashiro M. 2004. Copulation in the cricket is performed by chain reaction. Zoological Science 21: 705 - 718." title="Copulation in the cricket is performed by chain reaction" type="journal article" year="2004">Sakai & Kumashiro, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3660E754EFF87FCCF072DF2AFFAFA" blockId="6.[831,1437,258,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Thus, the unique structures of male and female genitalia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FCAD070CF5F7FB87" box="[861,997,1062,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stupendus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FCAD070CF5F7FB87" box="[861,997,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. stupendus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may result from a reproductive biology which differs considerably from that of the other species of the genus. A special form of selective pressure based on sexual selection may be at the origin of the very particular genital structures in this species, while the natural (ecological) selection remains similar to most other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C1D8D754EFF87FBF607CCF299FB44" box="[1030,1163,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllipsocidae" genus="Psyllipsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FBF607CCF299FB44" box="[1030,1163,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Psyllipsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, favouring the uniform general morphology (see the similar hypotheses for Zoraptera in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D1BFF754EFF87FC39060CF2A3FAFA" author="Mashimo Y. & Matsumura Y. & Machida R. & Dallai R. & Gottardo M. & Yoshizawa K. & Friedrich F. & Wipfler B. & Beutel R. G." box="[969,1201,1319,1344]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="371 - 393" part="45" refString="Mashimo Y., Matsumura Y., Machida R., Dallai R., Gottardo M., Yoshizawa K., Friedrich F., Wipfler B., Beutel R. G. 2014. 100 years Zoraptera - a phantom in insect evolution and the history of its investigation. Insect Systematics & Evolution 45: 371 - 393." title="100 years Zoraptera - a phantom in insect evolution and the history of its investigation" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Mashimo
|
||
<emphasis id="B968BA1C754EFF87FBC50603F278FA84" box="[1077,1130,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |