189 lines
20 KiB
XML
189 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.049.0208" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911425" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578222239" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Davies, Gregory B. P. & Miller, Raymond M." docDate="2008" docId="03AEFB40FFE41C6EFE64FC7EBD56FA68" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.49.2.131-158.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 49 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0208" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Parapachycerina lalitra Davies & Miller 2008, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FF978338FFE91C60FF82FF80BC47FFFF" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Afrotropical species of Parapachycerina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="131" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1683606398053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Afrotropical species of Parapachycerina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Davies, Gregory B. P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Raymond M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>131</mods:start>
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<mods:end>131</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0208</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.049.0208</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7911425</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AEFB40FFE41C6EFE64FC7EBD56FA68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEFB40FFE41C6EFE64FC7EBD56FA68" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
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<subSubSection box="[486,837,1022,1047]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" box="[486,837,1022,1047]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
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<heading box="[486,837,1022,1047]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Davies & Miller, 2008" authorityName="Davies & Miller" authorityYear="2008" box="[486,770,1022,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Parapachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lalitra" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[486,770,1022,1047]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Parapachycerina lalitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[777,837,1022,1047]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" box="[564,759,1062,1087]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
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<figureCitation box="[564,634,1062,1087]" captionStart="Figs 2, 3" captionStartId="4.[143,182,776,796]" captionTargetBox="[179,1076,201,757]" captionTargetId="figure-325@4.[179,1077,201,760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 2, 3. (2) Dorsal view of head of Parapachycerina munroi Stuckenberg, (3) oblique lateral view of head of P. lalitra sp. n. Note small anterior fronto-orbital bristles (relative to posterior fronto-orbital bristles), short distance separating fronto-orbital bristles, plumose aristae and long ocellar bristles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911630/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[647,677,1062,1087]" captionStart="Figs 16–19" captionStartId="11.[182,222,1599,1619]" captionTargetBox="[279,1069,662,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-238@11.[279,1069,648,1581]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–19. Lateral views of outer ơ terminalia: (16) P. munroi Stuckenberg, (17) P. bispina sp. n., (18) P. infuscata sp. n., (19) P. lalitra sp. n. (protandrium of P. lalitra not illustrated). Abbreviations: cer – cercus, epa – epandrium, pro – protandrium, sur – surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911642/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[689,759,1062,1087]" captionStart="Figs 25–27" captionStartId="16.[153,192,1649,1669]" captionTargetBox="[167,1067,841,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-241@16.[167,1067,841,1620]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 25–27. Inner ơ genitalia of P. lalitra sp. n.: (25, 26) dorsal and lateral views, (27) aedeagus ‘wing’." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911646/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">25–27</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" box="[181,883,1102,1127]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
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Etymology: From Malagasy
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Davies & Miller" authorityYear="2008" box="[504,574,1102,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Parapachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lalitra">
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<emphasis box="[504,574,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">lalitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(a fly) (
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<bibRefCitation author="ANONYMOUS" box="[665,871,1102,1127]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" refId="ref14333" refString="ANONYMOUS. 1999. An elementary English - Malagasy Dictionary. Lutheran Press and Antananarivo: American Cultural Center." type="book" year="1999">Anonymous 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" box="[181,302,1142,1167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis:</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
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Diminutive (
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<emphasis box="[327,353,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">ca</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[362,451,1182,1207]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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) Malagasy species with yellow-orange head and thorax, and dark brown abdomen. Ocellar triangle small and dark brown, with sides and base of triangle equal. Postpedicel all yellow with no dark patches or infuscation. Profemoral ctenidium with
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<emphasis box="[360,386,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">ca</emphasis>
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4 setulae. Wings hyaline.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Davies & Miller" authorityYear="2008" box="[687,771,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Parapachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talea">
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<emphasis box="[687,771,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">P. talea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(which can be sympatric, e.g. at Andasibe), is larger (
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<emphasis box="[420,446,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">ca</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[454,545,1310,1335]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
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), darker orange in colour, and has fumose wings and darkened apices to postpedicels.An undescribed
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stuckenberg" authorityYear="1971" box="[717,910,1342,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Parapachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[717,910,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Parapachycerina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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taxon A, represented by a single male from the east coast is extremely similar, and can only be separated by dissection of the male genitalia (see below and
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<figureCitation box="[746,881,1406,1431]" captionStart-0="Figs 25–27" captionStart-1="Figs 28–30" captionStartId-0="16.[153,192,1649,1669]" captionStartId-1="17.[182,221,1600,1620]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1067,841,1620]" captionTargetBox-1="[202,1117,906,1569]" captionTargetId-0="figure-241@16.[167,1067,841,1620]" captionTargetId-1="figure-249@17.[202,1117,906,1569]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="Figs 25–27. Inner ơ genitalia of P. lalitra sp. n.: (25, 26) dorsal and lateral views, (27) aedeagus ‘wing’." captionText-1="Figs 28–30. Inner ơ genitalia of undescribed taxon A, Ivondro, Madagascar: (28, 29) dorsal and lateral views, (30) aedeagus ‘wing’. Note that the ventral area of the hypandrial ‘apron’ is not illustrated due to the extreme transparency of the sclerite following over-treatment in KOH." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911646" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7911646/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Figs 25–28</figureCitation>
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). Another undescribed Malagasy taxon (B) from Amber Mt in the far north of the island, is larger and lacks a profemoral ctenidium (see below).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" box="[181,321,1510,1535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Description:</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1022,1671]" lastBlockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
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<emphasis box="[181,260,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">Colour</emphasis>
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: Head yellow, ocellar spot dark brown and confined to ocellar triangle, scape, pedicel and postpedicel yellow (no darkening, not even at aristal base). Maxillary palpi yellow. Thorax yellow, medial orange-brown stripe on scutum (between dorsocentral bristles) and scutellum, stripe more pronounced on scutellum. Brown wedge on notopleuron (may be faint). Haltere pale yellow. Legs all yellow. Abdomen dark brown, first two segments slightly paler. Protandrium, epandrium and genitalia yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis box="[144,205,278,302]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Head</emphasis>
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: Largely as per genus. Orbital plates shining, but not easily differentiated from surrounding postfrons at low magnification (6–25×). Ocellar triangle small, all sides approximately equal in length,
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<emphasis box="[492,518,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">ca</emphasis>
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4 ‘fugitive’ setulae between posterior ocelli; vertex/ occiput boundary rounded (not abrupt). Prefrons very weakly tumid, slightly translucent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis box="[144,225,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Largely as per genus. Acrostichal bristles very short, only
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<emphasis box="[908,934,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">ca</emphasis>
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0.2× length of posterad dorsocentral bristles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis box="[144,197,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Legs</emphasis>
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: Profemoral ctenidium with
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<emphasis box="[514,540,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">ca</emphasis>
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4 setulae. Profemur posteriorly with ventral row of
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<emphasis box="[144,170,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">ca</emphasis>
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2 setae and dorsal row of
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<emphasis box="[465,491,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">ca</emphasis>
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4 setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" box="[144,323,558,583]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis box="[144,212,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Wings</emphasis>
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: Hyaline.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis box="[144,330,598,622]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Male terminalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[349,441,598,623]" captionStart="Figs 16–19" captionStartId="11.[182,222,1599,1619]" captionTargetBox="[279,1069,662,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-238@11.[279,1069,648,1581]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–19. Lateral views of outer ơ terminalia: (16) P. munroi Stuckenberg, (17) P. bispina sp. n., (18) P. infuscata sp. n., (19) P. lalitra sp. n. (protandrium of P. lalitra not illustrated). Abbreviations: cer – cercus, epa – epandrium, pro – protandrium, sur – surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911642/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Figs 19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[457,533,598,623]" captionStart="Figs 25–27" captionStartId="16.[153,192,1649,1669]" captionTargetBox="[167,1067,841,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-241@16.[167,1067,841,1620]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 25–27. Inner ơ genitalia of P. lalitra sp. n.: (25, 26) dorsal and lateral views, (27) aedeagus ‘wing’." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911646/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">25–27</figureCitation>
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): Protandrium saddle-shaped. Epandrium narrow dorsally and laterally, slight protuberance in posterior lateral margin; epandrium expands posteriorly in broadly rounded, hirsute epandrial process. Surstylus long thin lamella fused to inner edge of epandrium, dorsally with weakly hamate tip. Cerci dark brown, hirsute. Hypandrium rather complex relative to other species in genus, transversely broad but longitudinally narrow ‘transverse band’ (broader than ‘aedeagal tube’), fairly short lateral posterior arms that rise dorsally at oblique angle then curve back anteriorly and continue as ‘dorsal loop’ terminating on anterodorsal (not lateral) corner of aedeagus; below ‘transverse band’ is unique (within genus), lightly sclerotised extension or ‘apron’. Aedeagal apodeme stem long (exceeding aedeagus in length), posterior arms very short. Aedeagus composed of two halves (‘wings’) and membranous medial section; aedeagal halves of unusual shape, externally with noticeable mucro on ventrolateral margin, deep incision subapically and recurved, falcate apices (resembling claws); small spinules (teeth) on posterior subapical margin of aedeagal halves. Gonopods long, unexceptional, broadly tapering to rounded apices; unlike other species in genus, gonopods do not tightly ensheath aedeagus. Subepandrial sclerite rather lunate in shape and lying ventrad of cercus. Ejaculatory apodeme not evident (probably lost during dissection).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis box="[144,306,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Measurements</emphasis>
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: ơ (n=1) ^(n = 1): total length – ^= 2.5, ơ = 2.5; head height – ^= 0.7, ơ = 0.5; head width – ^= 0.8, ơ = 0.8; head length – ^= 0.4, ơ = 0.4; thorax length – ^= 1.2, ơ = 1.1; wing length – ^= 1.4, ơ = 1.3; abdomen length – ^= 0.9, ơ = 1.1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" box="[144,950,1252,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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||
<materialsCitation box="[144,950,1252,1272]" collectingDate="1955-12" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="B. Stuckenberg" country="Madagascar" location="Andasibe" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[144,232,1252,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: ơ
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<collectingCountry box="[259,424,1252,1272]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AEFB40FFE41C6EFE64FC7EBD56FA68:8ED81C8DFFE71C6EFE2DFB64BE42FB07" box="[431,517,1252,1272]" country="Madagascar" name="Andasibe" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Andasibe</location>
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(= Périnet),
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<date box="[632,709,1252,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" value="1955-12">
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<collectingDate box="[632,709,1252,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" value="1955-12">xii.1955</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[718,857,1252,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">B. Stuckenberg</collectorName>
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||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[869,940,1252,1272]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1958-01-26" collectingDateMax="1958-02-04" collectingDateMin="1958-01-26" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="B. Stuckenberg" country="Madagascar" location="Ranohira" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="2">
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<typeStatus box="[144,376,1284,1304]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Other material examined</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry box="[386,551,1284,1304]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
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: 1^same datum as
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<typeStatus box="[739,818,1284,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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(
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<collectionCode box="[832,903,1284,1304]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AEFB40FFE41C6EFE64FC7EBD56FA68:8ED81C8DFFE71C6EFC29FA85B851FAE7" box="[939,1046,1284,1304]" country="Madagascar" name="Ranohira" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">^Ranohira</location>
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||
,
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||
<date pageId="14" pageNumber="145" value="1958-01-26" valueMax="1958-02-04" valueMin="1958-01-26">
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||
<collectingDate pageId="14" pageNumber="145" value="1958-01-26" valueMax="1958-02-04" valueMin="1958-01-26">26.i– 4.ii.1958</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[236,375,1308,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">B. Stuckenberg</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[387,458,1308,1328]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="145" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1106,206,1431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Distribution: Restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[437,574,1342,1367]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="145">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Recorded from eastern escarpment (Andasibe), and western edge of Horombe escarpment in south-central portion of the island (Ranohira).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |