309 lines
33 KiB
XML
309 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="2666EFEB5D84136521EEA5E465866BE0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561687" ID-ZooBank="0DEB9EDB-4BC9-43F1-A025-DFF59726B738" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1706103756776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lukashevich, Elena Dmitrievna & Ansorge, Jörg" docDate="2024" docId="03A2AD6EE44D22294B9FFBBFEB9BB99C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5403.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5403 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ptychopteridae Osten Sacken 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FF9BD516E449222F4B08FFA5E801BC64" masterDocTitle="First Upper Triassic Diptera (Insecta) from Germany" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1706286036928" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="A8ED4BE8AFBDCAEDCC772D73BF049699" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4296E4B23A18722EDC8F312105CDF681">
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<mods:title id="3F429863DF722964BCEBD1F26B065811">First Upper Triassic Diptera (Insecta) from Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="56441D0AE25BC6A50E6F8556E5CD87CC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5D18BFB26A18E77E933C0BF2023E4A33">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1D346C9F45B2A43A465B708D5B6CAA18">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4BD8C64D9F12484763A04CFF57D285E5">Lukashevich, Elena Dmitrievna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6076321D568AF6B4A72C90D5929049E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9292-5999</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E15A3E9A3486BBBF5A9858111A423B6">Elena D. Lukashevich, Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB73F78B0A4FA48639A3EC011A0DDF0F" type="email">elukashevichhh@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="38A1CA8B3B30B2A9193C2A5835408CA8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7710E60B6F712BA06A3E151824B4E049">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3660FE4F2FF66E0394820861F1FFE86A">Ansorge, Jörg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="80BAB4EFD91551E397F22FEAA8284909" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1284-6893</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C17ED0721C9743FB068267F85CA89B9">Jörg Ansorge, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straβe 17 a, D- 17487 Greifswald, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="83261BB5A251A75685101E18E15957D7" type="email">ansorge@uni-greifswald.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="44F031270FC1EE42FD4385C5045C1D33">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="92C74E701A8D560DE694579E73E727F7">
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<mods:title id="941755056EFC2966BF1142D4FD420C64">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8DE9744DD0D2F7E988EA643E95A04005">
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<mods:date id="9ADAE13E47CC52C73135AF32400026B8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DDFA1D509A597DC771C60549C3FE4227" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="65E8C7FC6C93E5E8AA5C2411943DCA5D">2024-01-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="46CDD5A08A5156256EBE5197154617A3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9B194E44A75072B24E4B329105653B38">5403</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6E36A94285A6DF78A0CB0B227F7284A8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="0F95D4E080009ABC137F0986B395D9ED">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F47020689972A45C1C20627D57E16E58">115</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="237FC6DC25471ABD0260D006DD6B98B8">129</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="A0B6E39F2AAF30B68FC3F3609A64414A">
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<mods:url id="3C878B4AE230735A6192C641F537FF7F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.8</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="3DF4ED41E1F5DDD78AC8D5C0572D5E88">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A4BB63CAC4E690B42940BA520EF36789" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC299A2FBE49DDD0F87B94C32EF6980E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA450C44D6C1204E8E4A679CF5D9BD25" type="Zenodo-Dep">10561687</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B2376CFEAC96CBD56CE2D2B900BA239D" type="ZooBank">0DEB9EDB-4BC9-43F1-A025-DFF59726B738</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A2AD6EE44D22294B9FFBBFEB9BB99C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2AD6EE44D22294B9FFBBFEB9BB99C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2AD6EE44D22294B9FFBBFEB9BB99C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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<subSubSection id="C3114FF3E44D222B4B9FFBBFEA60B851" box="[151,609,1050,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44D222B4B9FFBBFEA60B851" blockId="4.[151,609,1050,1113]" box="[151,609,1050,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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<heading id="D0FCAB14E44D222B4B9FFBBFEA60B851" bold="true" box="[151,609,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4B9FFBBFEA60B851" bold="true" box="[151,609,1050,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44D222B4BFFFBBFE9B7B850" ID-CoL="6277P" ID-ENA="79304" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1862" box="[247,438,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ptychopteridae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4AB4FBBEEA60B851" bold="true" box="[444,609,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3114FF3E44D222B4B9FFB9AE8EAB83D" box="[151,235,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44D222B4B9FFB9AE8EAB83D" blockId="4.[151,609,1050,1113]" box="[151,235,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133000FDE44D222B4B97FB9AE8E2B83D" box="[159,227,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,241,940]" captionTargetId="figure-29@6.[151,1436,235,940]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Wing of Ptychopteridae inc. sed., SNHMB-G.5996, Fuchsberg, Tr 3. Line drawing and photo, total view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3114FF3E44D222B4B9FFB23ECC6B8C5" box="[151,1223,1158,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44D222B4B9FFB23ECC6B8C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,1941]" box="[151,1223,1158,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4B9FFB23E8FEB8C4" bold="true" box="[151,255,1158,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B631625E44D222B4A05FB23ECC6B8C5" box="[269,1223,1158,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" specimenCode="SNHMB-G.5996" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBADB403E44D222B4A05FB23E9CFB8C5" box="[269,462,1158,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">SNHMB-G.5996</specimenCode>
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, part and counterpart of an incomplete wing, without posterior part.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3114FF3E44D222B4BCFFB0FE9A8B969" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44D222B4BCFFB0FE9A8B969" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4BCFFB0FE9D1B8A0" bold="true" box="[199,464,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
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Fuchsberg near Seinstedt,
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<collectingRegion id="49CFD29AE44D222B4807FB0EEBB9B8A1" box="[783,952,1195,1221]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31C5CE8E44D222B48C0FB0EEC35B8A1" box="[968,1076,1195,1221]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Germany</collectingCountry>
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; ’Fossilführende Wechselfolge’ alternating fine grained sand, silt and clay,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44D222B497AFB6AEB87B88D" box="[626,902,1231,1257]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerbachmanni">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B497AFB6AEB87B88D" box="[626,902,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Shipingia gerbachmanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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conchostracan zone; latest Sevatian (uppermost Norian); Upper Triassic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3114FF3E44D222B4BCFFAB3E9E9B981" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44D222B4BCFFAB3E9E9B981" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4BCFFAB3E958B954" bold="true" box="[199,345,1302,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Description.</emphasis>
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Isolated fragmentary wing about
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<quantity id="4CF3B19DE44D222B49D5FAB2EB21B955" box="[733,800,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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long. Wing transparent, with pterostigma, without dark spots. Wing venation: Sc ending well beyond wing midlength, level with furcation of R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4F7CFAE8EC92B93F" attach="left" box="[1140,1171,1357,1371]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5;</subScript>
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Rs origin at about 0.17 wing length; Rs stem slightly curved; R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4950FAD4EA70B91B" attach="left" box="[600,625,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">2+3</subScript>
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equidistant from R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4844FAD4EB55B91B" attach="left" box="[844,852,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">1</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4897FAD4EBACB91B" attach="left" box="[927,941,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4;</subScript>
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R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B48CEFAD4EBDEB91B" attach="left" box="[966,991,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">2+3</subScript>
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2.1x as long as R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4FAFFAD4ECAEB91B" attach="left" box="[1191,1199,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">3</subScript>
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; veins R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4E1CFAD4ED1DB91B" attach="left" box="[1300,1308,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">1</subScript>
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beyond R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4E85FAD4ED94B91B" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">2</subScript>
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, R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4BA2FA30E8B6B9C7" attach="left" box="[170,183,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">3,</subScript>
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R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4BC7FA30E8D6B9C7" attach="left" box="[207,215,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4</subScript>
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and probably R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4A82FA30E993B9C7" attach="left" box="[394,402,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">5</subScript>
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subparallel; R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4927FA30EA48B9C7" attach="left" box="[559,585,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
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fork 2.5 x as long as R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B484FFA30EB60B9C7" attach="left" box="[839,865,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
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stem;
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B48A3FA26EBD2B9F8" box="[939,979,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">r-m</emphasis>
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close and distal to Rs furcation, dividing R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4BA2FA1CE8C5B9A3" attach="left" box="[170,196,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
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stem as 1:7; M stem somewhat desclerotized; M forking in proximal wing half; basal portion of M
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4E25FA1CED46B9A3" attach="left" box="[1325,1351,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">3+4</subScript>
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(before
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4B9FFA6EE8CEB980" box="[151,207,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">m-cu</emphasis>
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) twice longer than
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4AA1FA6EE9E0B980" box="[425,481,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">m-cu</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3114FF3E44D22294BCFFA4AEB9BB99C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44D222B4BCFFA4AEB83BBF1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4BCFFA4AE93ABA6D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1519,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Remarks.</emphasis>
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At the first glance due to wing incompleteness, it looks like a member of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44D222B4F83FA4AED0DBA6D" box="[1163,1292,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limoniidae</taxonomicName>
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with similar division of radial sector into R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4908F980EA18BA57" attach="left" box="[512,537,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">2+3</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B496DF980EA7EBA57" attach="left" box="[613,639,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B49D8F980EAD9BA57" attach="left" box="[720,728,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">2</subScript>
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as crossvein such as Triassic
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4F34F9B6ECB0BA49" box="[1084,1201,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Mabylesia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B4FB3F9B6ED99BA49" author="Shcherbakov, D. E. & Lukashevich, E. D. & Blagoderov, V. A." box="[1211,1432,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="75 - 115" refId="ref9343" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E., Lukashevich, E. D. & Blagoderov, V. A. (1995) Triassic Diptera and initial radiation of the order. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 6 (2), 75 - 115." type="journal article" year="1995">Shcherbakov, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44D222B4B9FF992EAA8BA35" authority="Krzeminski & Krzeminska, 2003" authorityName="Krzeminski & Krzeminska" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,681,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Archilimonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4B9FF992E92BBA35" box="[151,298,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Archilimonia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B4A3AF992EAA8BA35" author="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E." box="[306,681,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="153 - 184" refId="ref8201" refString="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (2003) Triassic Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia Supplement, 46, 153 - 184." type="journal article" year="2003">Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44D222B49E9F992ECF8BA35" authority="Blagoderov & Grimaldi, 2007" authorityName="Blagoderov & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2007" box="[737,1273,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Metarchilimonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B49E9F992EB9DBA35" box="[737,924,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Metarchilimonia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B48ACF992ECF8BA35" author="Blagoderov, V. & Grimaldi, D. A. & Fraser, N. C." box="[932,1273,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref7258" refString="Blagoderov, V., Grimaldi, D. A. & Fraser, N. C. (2007) How time flies for flies: diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and early radiation of the order. American Museum Novitates, 3572, 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2007) 509 [1: htfffd] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Blagoderov & Grimaldi, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B4E00F992E916BA11" author="Shcherbakov, D. E. & Lukashevich, E. D. & Blagoderov, V. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="75 - 115" refId="ref9343" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E., Lukashevich, E. D. & Blagoderov, V. A. (1995) Triassic Diptera and initial radiation of the order. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 6 (2), 75 - 115." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Shcherbakov
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4B9FF9FEE8CABA11" box="[151,203,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B4A2DF9FEEA9FBA11" author="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E." box="[293,670,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="153 - 184" refId="ref8201" refString="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (2003) Triassic Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia Supplement, 46, 153 - 184." type="journal article" year="2003">Krzemiński & Krzemińska 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B49A4F9FEEBBBBA11" author="Blagoderov, V. & Grimaldi, D. A. & Fraser, N. C." box="[684,954,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref7258" refString="Blagoderov, V., Grimaldi, D. A. & Fraser, N. C. (2007) How time flies for flies: diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and early radiation of the order. American Museum Novitates, 3572, 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2007) 509 [1: htfffd] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Blagoderov
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4831F9FEEB6CBA11" box="[825,877,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The characters of wing venation uniting these three genera (Rs divided into R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4946F934EA69BAFB" attach="left" box="[590,616,1681,1695]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">2+3</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B49BCF934EACFBAFB" attach="left" box="[692,718,1681,1695]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
|
||
, extremely short R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B48B8F934EBCBBAFB" attach="left" box="[944,970,1681,1695]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
|
||
, and M forking in the wing midlength) are symplesiomorphic features, which are very rare in extant taxa of Tipuloidea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44D222B4F35F906ED90BAD9" author="Lukashevich, E. D. & Ribeiro, G. C." box="[1085,1425,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="635 - 652" refId="ref9105" refString="Lukashevich, E. D. & Ribeiro, G. C. (2019) Mesozoic fossils and the phylogeny of Tipulomorpha (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (8), 635 - 652. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2018.1448899" type="journal article" year="2019">Lukashevich & Ribeiro 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, two of these three peculiarities (short R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B49C5F97CEAE6BA83" attach="left" box="[717,743,1753,1767]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
|
||
stem and M forking in the wing midlength) are absent in the German wing. Moreover, in contrast to SNHMB-G.5996, in these limoniid genera Sc and Rs are much shorter (Sc ending about wing midlength; Rs origin at 0.34–0.38x wing length),
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B48ABF8AAEBCABB4C" box="[931,971,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
never closed to Rs furcation and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4E42F8AAED83BB4C" box="[1354,1410,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">m-cu</emphasis>
|
||
is positioned much more distal, just before or at fork M
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B49F1F8E0EB12BB37" attach="left" box="[761,787,1861,1875]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
|
||
3+
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3B19DE44D222B4802F8E0EB12BB37" box="[778,787,1861,1875]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="4.0">4</quantity>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
in distal half of the wing. Described position of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4E4BF896ED6ABB28" box="[1347,1387,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44D222B4B9FF8F2E8CEBB14" box="[151,207,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">m-cu</emphasis>
|
||
, longer Rs and R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44D222B4A9FF8CCE9B0BB13" attach="left" box="[407,433,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">4+5</subScript>
|
||
stem as well as M forking clearly before the wing midlength are characters of Mesozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44D222B4B9FF8DEE943BBF1" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,322,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ptychopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so this wing is considered a member of the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF744CF0E44C222A4B9FF80BEA40BB8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" startId="5.[151,250,1966,1990]" targetBox="[164,1423,184,1942]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44C222A4B9FF80BEA40BB8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1966,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44C222A4B9FF80BE915BBA2" bold="true" box="[151,276,1966,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44C222A4A15F80BEA22BBA2" authority="Lukashevich & Ansorge, 2024" authorityName="Lukashevich & Ansorge" authorityYear="2024" box="[285,547,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Crivoptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebrias" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44C222A4A15F80BEA22BBA2" box="[285,547,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">Crivoptychoptera nebrias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44C222A4923F80AEAD5BBA3" bold="true" box="[555,724,1967,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C7D11E44C222A4923F80AEACEBBA3" box="[555,719,1967,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="120" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, Fuchsberg, Tr
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44C222A48D9F81BEBD9BBA8" attach="left" box="[977,984,1982,1996]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">3</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44C222A48EEF80BEBF9BBA2" bold="true" box="[998,1016,1966,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Line drawing.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44C222A4F97F80AECD6BBA2" bold="true" box="[1183,1239,1966,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="120">B, C,</emphasis>
|
||
Photos of part and counterpart, total view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF744CF0E44F22294B9FFC66E8ECBF9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" startId="6.[151,250,963,987]" targetBox="[151,1436,241,940]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44F22294B9FFC66E8ECBF9B" blockId="6.[151,1436,963,1024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294B9FFC66E912BFB8" bold="true" box="[151,275,963,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F22294A7CFC61EA0DBFB8" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1862" box="[372,524,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ptychopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F2229491BFC61EA60BFB8" box="[531,609,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">inc. sed</emphasis>
|
||
., SNHMB-G.5996, Fuchsberg, Tr
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F222948B3FC71EBC9BF86" attach="left" box="[955,968,980,994]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">3.</subScript>
|
||
Line drawing and photo, total view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB41C78E44F22294BCFFBF7EB9BB99C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1106,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
|
||
This wing fragment obviously is non congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F22294812FBF7EBE1B808" authority="Lukashevich & Ansorge, 2024" authorityName="Lukashevich & Ansorge" authorityYear="2024" box="[794,992,1106,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Crivoptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294812FBF7EBE1B808" box="[794,992,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Crivoptychoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F222948EDFBF7EC4DB808" bold="true" box="[997,1100,1106,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C7D11E44F222948EDFBF7EC4DB808" box="[997,1100,1106,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
however, the exact systematic generic position is unclear due to incomplete state of preservation: medial veins are diagnostic in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F22294FFCFBD3ED9DB8F4" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1862" box="[1268,1436,1142,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ptychopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but almost absent in the fragment and even their number (four or three) is unknown as well as position of crossvein
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294B9FFB1AE8B2B8BC" box="[151,179,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">im</emphasis>
|
||
. It is not a member of Eoptychopterininae because Rs and R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294853FB75EB74B8BA" attach="left" box="[859,885,1232,1246]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">4+5</subScript>
|
||
are not sharply bent. The immaculate wings with vein R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294BEBFB51E906B966" attach="left" box="[227,263,1268,1283]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">2 + 3</subScript>
|
||
equidistant from R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294AEEFB51E9EFB966" attach="left" box="[486,494,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294933FB51EA42B966" attach="left" box="[571,579,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">4</subScript>
|
||
are known in monotypic Proptychopterininae. However, it hardly can be a member of the genus, because in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F22294903FAA3EB82B945" authority="Kalugina, 1985" authorityName="Kalugina" authorityYear="1985" box="[523,899,1286,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Proptychopterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294903FAA3EAD1B944" box="[523,720,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Proptychopterina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44F222949DFFAA3EB82B945" author="Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G." box="[727,899,1286,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" refId="ref7985" refString="Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (1985) Dvukrylye nasekomye yury Sibiri [Jurassic Diptera of Siberia]. Nauka, Moscow, 198 pp." type="book" year="1985">Kalugina, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294882FAA2EBB3B944" box="[906,946,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
is about midlength of R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294FC8FABDECDBB942" attach="left" box="[1216,1242,1304,1318]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and level or even distal to M
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294A1CFA99E92FB92E" attach="left" box="[276,302,1340,1354]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">3+4</subScript>
|
||
furcation, but in the Triassic wing
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F222949B6FA8EEAE7B920" box="[702,742,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
is closed to Rs furcation whereas M
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294F82FA99ECA5B92E" attach="left" box="[1162,1188,1340,1354]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">3+4</subScript>
|
||
fork is not preserved. Moreover, up to now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F22294A80FAEBEA4CB90C" authorityName="Kalugina" authorityYear="1985" box="[392,589,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Proptychopterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294A80FAEBEA4CB90C" box="[392,589,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Proptychopterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown in European deposits (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44F222948DBFAEBECF0B90C" author="Lukashevich, E. D. & Huang, D. & Lin, Q. B." box="[979,1265,1358,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" pagination="127 - 143" refId="ref8832" refString="Lukashevich, E. D., Huang, D. & Lin, Q. B. (2006) Rare families of nematoceran Diptera (Hennigmatidae, Blephariceridae, Perissommatidae) from the Jurassic of China. Studia Dipterologica, 13 (1), 127 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">Lin & Lukashevich 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such position of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294BBFFAD6E8DEB9E8" box="[183,223,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
, close to Rs fork, is typical for several genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F2229481FFAD7EBE1B9E8" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[791,992,1394,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoptychopterinae">Eoptychopterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, usually of Jurassic deposits of Europe (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F22294A1BFA33E9B9B9D4" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[275,440,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Eoptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294A1BFA33E9B9B9D4" box="[275,440,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Eoptychoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Liassic deposits of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C5CE8E44F222949D6FA33EB4BB9D4" box="[734,842,1430,1456]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44F2229485DFA33EBFDB9D4" author="Ansorge, J." box="[853,1020,1430,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref6740" refString="Ansorge, J. (1996) Insekten aus dem oberen Lias von Grimmen (Vorpommern, Norddeutschland). Neue Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 2, 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1996">Ansorge, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and such affinity seems to be most probable. However, vein R
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294AC6FA69E9F2B9BE" attach="left" box="[462,499,1484,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">2 + 3</subScript>
|
||
is close to R
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3B19DE44F22294999FA69EAB8B9B0" box="[657,697,1466,1498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="in" value="1.0">
|
||
<subScript id="178F1E3DE44F22294999FA69EA98B9BE" attach="left" box="[657,665,1484,1498]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">1</subScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B67FBE44F222949CBFA1FEB88B9B0" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[707,905,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoptychopterinae">Eoptychopterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6189E44F22294892FA1FECB6B9B0" author="Lukashevich, E. & Ansorge, J. & Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E." box="[922,1207,1466,1492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" pagination="311 - 343" refId="ref8744" refString="Lukashevich, E., Ansorge, J., Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (1998) Revision of Eoptychopterinae (Insecta: Diptera, Eoptychopteridae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 67 (3 - 4), 311 - 343." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Lukashevich
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FC06AE44F22294F3DFA1EEC6BB9B0" box="[1077,1130,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so the subfamiliar position remains unclear due to incomplete preservation of the wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |