387 lines
45 KiB
XML
387 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485234" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dfc64e7-8c23-456d-9678-1bb0858ac470" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150645368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485234" checkinTime="1545431109525" checkinUser="PlaziZenodoSync" docAuthor="Jan van Tol & André Günther" docDate="2018" docId="0395A91CAC38FFC995E1FF52FCD0FAEE" docLanguage="en" docName="10.5281zenodo.1481114_vanTol_Guenther_2018.pdf" docOrigin="Odonatologica 47 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinocypha virgulata Jan van Tol & André Günther 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FFACD164AC71FF869443FFAFFF05FFBC" masterDocTitle="The Odonata of Sulawesi and adjacent islands. Part 8. Revision of the genus Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842 (Chlorocyphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="386" masterPageNumber="299" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1544520335069" originalUpdateUser="PlaziZenodoSync" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" updateTime="1650928538772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Odonata of Sulawesi and adjacent islands. Part 8. Revision of the genus Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842 (Chlorocyphidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jan van Tol</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>André Günther</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Odonatologica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-12-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>47</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>299</mods:start>
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<mods:end>386</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1481114</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3dfc64e7-8c23-456d-9678-1bb0858ac470</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1481114</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150645368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A91CAC38FFC995E1FF52FCD0FAEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0395A91CAC38FFC995E1FF52FCD0FAEE" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<subSubSection box="[418,776,253,281]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,776,253,390]" box="[418,776,253,281]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<heading bold="true" box="[418,776,253,281]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" reason="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[418,776,253,281]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jan van Tol & André Günther, 2018" authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[418,677,253,281]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[418,677,253,281]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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Rhinocypha
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<taxonomicName box="[567,677,253,281]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata" status="sp. nov.">virgulata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[684,776,253,281]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[460,735,287,315]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="73.[159,776,253,390]" box="[460,735,287,315]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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||
<heading box="[460,735,287,315]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" reason="4">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[466,554,287,315]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[159,227,925,950]" captionText="Figure 10. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov., male. Stream Sg. Wera below Saluopa waterfall, Tonusu, north of Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi. Photo: AG (20-viii-1999)" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[564,597,287,315]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="16.[159,227,1254,1279]" captionTargetBox="[400,1038,734,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[400,1035,734,1181]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov., female. Stream Sg. Wera below Saluopa waterfall, Tonusu, north of Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi. Photo: AG (20-viii- -1999)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200401/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[608,686,287,315]" captionStart-0="Figure 77" captionStart-1="Figures 78–82" captionStartId-0="74.[159,226,1486,1511]" captionStartId-1="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1038,905,1446]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1023,585,1382]" captionTargetId-0="figure@74.[159,1038,905,1446]" captionTargetId-1="figure@77.[218,974,933,1038]" captionTargetPageId-0="74" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="Figure 77. Rhinocypha virgulata sp.nov.Male,holotype.Sulawesi Selatan,Sg.Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993 [JvT 01375]. Photo: JvT" captionText-1="Figures 78–82. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2200545/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">77–82</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[696,728,287,315]" captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="82.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[528,1034,913,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[528,1036,911,1549]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 87. Distribution of Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200573/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">87</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,776,253,390]" box="[159,702,328,352]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ris" authorityPageNumber="312" authorityYear="1916" box="[159,698,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochroa Form b">
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<emphasis box="[159,406,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Rhinocypha monochroa</emphasis>
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Form b. — RIS (1916): 312
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,776,253,390]" box="[159,701,361,390]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="2008" box="[159,620,361,390]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp. A.">
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<emphasis box="[159,283,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Rhinocypha</emphasis>
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sp. A. — GÜNTHER (2008a): 48
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</taxonomicName>
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, 89–94.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" box="[159,360,438,464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<heading bold="true" box="[159,360,438,464]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,360,438,464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Material studied</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1949138276" collectingDate="1993-10-15" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.5375" location="C. Sulawesi. 45 km NE Malili: stream connecting Danau Matana and D. Mahalona, at easternmost part of D. Matana, just after outlet. At bridge. Fast flowing, clear water" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.479164" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" specimenCode="JvT 1375" specimenCount="451" specimenCount-male="451" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,273,476,502]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<typeStatus box="[159,273,476,502]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount box="[280,302,476,502]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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. »
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<collectingCountry box="[326,449,476,502]" name="Indonesia" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A91CAC38FFC995E1FF52FCD0FAEE:8EE34ED1AC38FFCF9588FE73FDE0FDFD" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.5375" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.479164" name="C. Sulawesi. 45 km NE Malili: stream connecting Danau Matana and D. Mahalona, at easternmost part of D. Matana, just after outlet. At bridge. Fast flowing, clear water" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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C. Sulawesi.
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<quantity box="[607,681,476,503]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
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NE Malili: stream connecting Danau Matana and
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<botanicCollectionCode box="[401,428,514,540]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">D.</botanicCollectionCode>
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Mahalona, at easternmost part of D. Matana, just after outlet. At bridge. Fast flowing, clear water
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</location>
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.
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<geoCoordinate box="[754,869,550,577]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" precision="15" value="-2.5375">2°32’15”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[885,1032,550,577]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" precision="15" value="121.479164">
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121°28’45”
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<botanicCollectionCode box="[1013,1036,550,577]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">E.</botanicCollectionCode>
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</geoCoordinate>
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<specimenCount box="[159,238,588,615]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="male">
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<quantity box="[159,235,588,615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</specimenCount>
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||
<collectingDate box="[245,389,588,615]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" value="1993-10-15">
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<date box="[245,389,588,615]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" value="1993-10-15">15 Oct 1993</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
.
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A91CAC38FFC995E1FF52FCD0FAEE:8EE34ED1AC38FFCF95D3FDE3FD3DFDDA" box="[400,568,588,614]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.5375" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.479164" name="Leg. J. van Tol" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Leg. J. van Tol</location>
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«
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<botanicCollectionCodeGroup box="[583,935,588,615]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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(
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<specimenCode box="[591,700,588,615]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">JvT 1375</specimenCode>
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, in RMNH;
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<figureCitation box="[843,926,588,614]" captionStart="Figure 77" captionStartId="74.[159,226,1486,1511]" captionTargetBox="[159,1038,905,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[159,1038,905,1446]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 77. Rhinocypha virgulata sp.nov.Male,holotype.Sulawesi Selatan,Sg.Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993 [JvT 01375]. Photo: JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200545/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</botanicCollectionCodeGroup>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" box="[159,412,625,652]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,279,626,652]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Paratypes</emphasis>
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(32♂ 14♀)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" box="[159,543,665,689]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,341,665,689]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Sulawesi Tengah</emphasis>
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(Central Sulawesi)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">5♂ 4♀, N of Danau Poso, Tonusu, Sungai Wera (1°45’S, 120°33’E), 21–22 Mar. 1993, leg. A. Günther; 2♂, Same site, 24 Jul. 1994, leg. A. Günther & F. Randow; 1♂, NW shore of Danau Poso, Siuri, small stream (1°48’S, 120°32’E), 6 Aug. 1994, leg. A. Günther & F. Randow; 1♂, NW shore of Danau Poso, Sungai Kamba (1°52’S, 120°30’E), 8 Aug. 1994, leg. A. Günther & F. Randow; 2♂ 2♀, N of Danau Poso, Tonusu, Sungai Wera (1°45’S, 120°33’E), 23–24 Feb. 1997, leg. A. Günther; 1♂, N of Danau Poso, Tonusu, Sungai Tumonda (1°47’S, 120°31’E), 1 Mar. 1997, leg. A. Günther; 7♂ 3♀, N of Danau Poso, Tonusu, Sungai Wera (1°45’S, 120°33’E), 5 Mar. 1997, leg. A. Günther; 1♂, N shore of Danau Poso, Tonusu, Sungai Wera (1°45’S, 120°33’E), 2 Sep. 1999, leg. A. Günther.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" box="[159,525,1010,1034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,341,1010,1034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Sulawesi Selatan</emphasis>
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(South Sulawesi)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1037,438,1279]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">3♂ 2♀, »Süd Celebes. Takala Gebirge. [Before 1916]. D[urch] Rolle« (in SMFD); 4♂ 2♀, Outlet of lake Matano near Salura. At temporary bridge, 300 m E of lake. (Local- ity 28). Fast running stream, width=10m; depth=2.5m (?); colour of water light blue; shore with trees and shrubs; disturbed primary forest. 26 Sep. 1993. Leg. M.T. Wass- cher; 7♂ 1♀, Sungai Patea. River from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, outlet of Danau Matana. 480 m. 2°32’13”S, 121°28’38”E. 15 Oct 1993. Leg. J. van Tol; 1♂, Sungai Patea. Stream from Danau Matana to Lake Mahalona at bridge close to out- let of Lake Matana. 2°32’15”S, 121°28’45”E. 390 m asl. 19 Oct 1993. Leg. J. van Tol.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[159,656,1329,1392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,656,1329,1392]" box="[159,292,1329,1355]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,292,1329,1355]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" reason="6">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,292,1329,1355]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,656,1329,1392]" box="[159,656,1366,1392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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<emphasis box="[159,279,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Virgulatus</emphasis>
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, an adjective, meaning ‘banded’.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1036,1440,1542]" box="[159,281,1440,1466]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,281,1440,1466]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" reason="6">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,281,1440,1466]" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="73.[159,1036,1440,1542]" lastBlockId="74.[159,1036,253,765]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">
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The male of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[307,444,1478,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="73" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
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<emphasis box="[307,444,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="372">R. virgulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the series of blue rings (annu- lae) anteriorly on S4–S8 of the abdomen, which may also be present on S9 (
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<figureCitation box="[166,253,254,280]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[159,227,925,950]" captionText="Figure 10. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov., male. Stream Sg. Wera below Saluopa waterfall, Tonusu, north of Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi. Photo: AG (20-viii-1999)" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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||
). It is otherwise rather similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[648,788,253,279]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipoda">
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<emphasis box="[648,788,253,279]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. flavipoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the opaque part of the wings is less extensive; the blue stripe over the synthorax is rather similar in both species, with a posterior projection on the mesepisternum, but there is quite some individual variation;
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[683,823,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipoda">
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<emphasis box="[683,823,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. flavipoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is further charac- terized by its creamy yellow tibiae of mid and hind legs (white in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. virgulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and all other Sulawesi
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[456,593,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[456,593,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Rhinocypha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[707,844,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[707,844,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Selys" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[159,286,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[159,286,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex particularly by the absence of a paired marking on the frons, and the absence of a paired spot on the anterior lobe of the pronotum (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[169,307,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[169,307,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a short stripe in lateral corner of anterior lobe, continu- ing on median lobe); from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[480,641,589,615]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis box="[480,641,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. monochroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the marking on the head, and the shape of the stripe over the synthorax (lacking the projection along the metakatepisternum); from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[474,633,664,690]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,633,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the coloration of the dorsum of the abdomen; from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[388,549,702,727]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togeanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[388,549,702,727]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. togeanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the markings on the pronotum (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,350,740,765]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togeanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,350,740,765]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. togeanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the synthorax (narrow and straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[857,1019,740,765]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togeanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,1019,740,765]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">R. togeanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[159,558,813,878]" box="[159,305,813,839]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,305,813,839]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,305,813,839]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[159,558,813,878]" box="[159,558,851,878]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,220,851,877]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype; JvT 1375;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[469,550,851,877]" captionStart="Figure 77" captionStartId="74.[159,226,1486,1511]" captionTargetBox="[159,1038,905,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[159,1038,905,1446]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 77. Rhinocypha virgulata sp.nov.Male,holotype.Sulawesi Selatan,Sg.Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993 [JvT 01375]. Photo: JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200545/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200545/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" startId="74.[159,226,1486,1511]" targetBox="[159,1038,905,1446]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[159,1037,1486,1541]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,264,1486,1511]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Figure 77.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jan van Tol & André Günther, 2018" authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[268,491,1486,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata" status="sp.nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,491,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="373">Rhinocypha virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[495,575,1486,1511]" pageId="74" pageNumber="373" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Male,holotype.Sulawesi Selatan,Sg.Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993 [JvT 01375]. Photo: JvT
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="75.[159,1037,254,541]" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[233,315,254,280]" captionStart="Figures 78–82" captionStartId="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[168,1023,585,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[218,974,933,1038]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figures 78–82. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
) — Labium base pale, divided median lobe and palps brownish black. Labrum semi-glossy, brownish black. Mandibles squarish, brownish black without pale markings. Gena with large, triangular spot, with longest side against eye; a very narrow pale stripe along eye margin approximately at level of antenna. Anteclypeus semiglossy, dark brown, margins somewhat paler. Postclypeus, frons, vertex, occiput and post-ocular lobe velvet black, with paired pale spot behind lateral ocelli, and a somewhat larger spot on post-ocular lobe against occiput.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="75.[159,1037,589,1101]" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Thorax — Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[424,511,590,616]" captionStart="Figures 78–82" captionStartId="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[168,1023,585,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[218,974,933,1038]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figures 78–82. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
) with anterior lobe black except for a small triangular blue spot in latero-posterior corner; this spot continues onto me- dian lobe, anteriorly wider and tapering posteriorly into an acute tip ending just above lateral lobe; lateral lobe with large bluish white median marking, and small pale spot on propleuron; posterior lobe black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="75.[159,1037,589,1101]" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Synthorax (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[314,400,776,802]" captionStart="Figures 78–82" captionStartId="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[168,1023,585,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[218,974,933,1038]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figures 78–82. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopreepisternum pale blue. Mesepisternum black; mesepimeron, mesokatepisternum, metepisternum and metepimeron black, with a conspicuous blue stripe running from lower posterior corner of mesokatepisternum, ventral side irregular, continuing just below meta- thoracic spiracle towards ventro-posterior corner of metepimeron; dorsal side also irregular, with a significant projection on metepisternum (not reaching hind margin of metepisternum), then over metepimeron bending sharply ventrally and meeting hind margin at
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,730,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">ca</emphasis>
|
||
⅓ from posterior margin of metepimeron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="75.[159,1036,1149,1251]" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Legs — Fore leg black; mid and hind legs black with inner side of tibiae white,
|
||
<emphasis box="[237,262,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">ca</emphasis>
|
||
75 % of tibia in mid leg, and 85 % of hind leg; base of coxae of mid and hind legs posteriorly with short pale blue spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="75.[159,1036,1299,1549]" pageId="75" pageNumber="374">Wings — Hind wing basal to nodus transparent, remainder opaque, dark metallic in distal part of wing, dark parts of wing extending more basal in middle of wing, underside iridescent coppery bronze, tending to blue along distal margin; fore wing with similar coloration, but opaque patch distal to Px1 in costal space, in middle of wing extending to level of 3 Ax proximal to nodus; iridescence of patch inconspicuous; pterostigma of fore and hind wings dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="76.[159,1037,253,728]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[292,377,254,280]" captionStart="Figures 78–82" captionStartId="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[168,1023,585,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[218,974,933,1038]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figures 78–82. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
) — Dorsum black, but lateral markings extending dis- tinctly over dorsum along anterior margins of S4–S9 (see below). Side of tergites with series of blue markings on S1–S9; S1 large, blue, extending dor- sally further then on other segments, ventral side wider than dorsally; S2 rectangular except for a small triangular emargination in ventro-anterior corner; S3 and S4 more or less rectangular, small paired pale anterior spot on dorsum S3; lateral marking of S4 extending dorso-anteriorly in a narrow blue line, not touching medially on segment; S5–S8 with blue markings tapering increasingly more ventro-posteriorly, all extending dorso-anteriorly over dorsum of segment and about the width of intersegmental annulae, also not touching on dorsum; S9 with small spot medially near ventral mar- gin, and a narrow blue ring dorso-anteriorly, again not touching on dorsum; S10 and anal appendages black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="76.[159,1036,776,840]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">Measurements [mm]: Hind wing length 23.0, hind wing width 6.0, abdomen (including appendages) 20.0.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="76.[159,1037,925,1176]" box="[159,392,925,952]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,247,926,952]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">Female</emphasis>
|
||
[JvT 16773]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="76.[159,1037,925,1176]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[236,320,963,989]" captionStart="Figures 78–82" captionStartId="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[168,1023,585,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[218,974,933,1038]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figures 78–82. Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
) — Labium brownish, black; dorsal side of head velvet black; mandibles with cream spot relatively small (distinctly smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[159,322,1037,1063]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis box="[159,322,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">R. monochroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and only touching lower margin; gena with pale marking along eye yellowish, ventrally narrow, dorsal half much wider; very narrow pale band along eyes dorsally of marking on gena; small pale spots on dorsal part of head beside lateral ocelli, and on post-ocular lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="76.[159,1036,1224,1549]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
Thorax — Black, with pale marking creamy yellow, compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">R. monochroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
well developed; pronotum with short longitudinal marking from ex- treme lateral side of anterior lobe, continuing on median lobe, where it is widest anteriorly; lateral lobe with roughly circular spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="76.[159,1036,1224,1549]" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">
|
||
Synthorax. Mesopreepisternum creamy yellow. Synthorax black with some metallic sheen, and pale markings as follows: mesepimeron with short pale stripe in posterior half against humeral suture,
|
||
<emphasis box="[774,799,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="375">ca</emphasis>
|
||
1/₆ the length of humeral suture; an even shorter marking; ventral longitudinal stripe more or less straight from ventro-posterior corner of mesokatepisternum, lower side
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[159,1036,254,317]" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">over metathoracic spiracle, dorsal side straight and ending halfway poste- rior side of metepimeron.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[159,325,365,392]" box="[159,325,365,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">Legs — Black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[159,1036,440,541]" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">
|
||
Wings — Base enfumed, brownish transparent; fore wing with pale brown transverse band from Px2 to
|
||
<emphasis box="[514,539,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">ca</emphasis>
|
||
Px10 anterior to proximal side of ptero- stigma; pterostigma bicolorous; hind wing with transverse band darker than
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200549/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="376" startId="77.[159,238,1407,1432]" targetBox="[168,1023,585,1382]" targetPageId="77">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[159,1037,1407,1549]" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,318,1407,1432]" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">Figures 78–82.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jan van Tol & André Günther, 2018" authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[324,553,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="77" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,553,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="376">Rhinocypha virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[559,642,1407,1432]" pageId="77" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All from Sulawesi Selatan, Sg. Patea, river from Danau Matana to Danau Mahalona, 15-x-1993. 78 – Male, head, frontal view, [JvT 01370]; 79 – Male, pronotum, lef lateral view, [JvT 01371]; 80 – Male, synthorax, lef lateral view, [JvT 01370]; 81 – Male, abdomen, lef lateral view, [JvT 01373]; 82 – Female, head, dorsal view. [JvT 01377]. Artwork by JvT
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1036,253,317]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">in fore wing, from level of nodus to distal side of pterostigma, just the tip transparent, the most distal series of cells white and more opaque.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1037,365,765]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Abdomen — Black with creamy pale markings; S1 with triangular spot, widest part against posterior margin; S2 with medio-anteriorly a short stripe about ⅓ of length of segment, posteriorly with a larger triangular spot, medioventrally a triangular spot, anteriorly tapered, approximately ¼ length of segment; S3 anteriorly with L-shaped marking, approximately ½ length of segment, the shorter arm against anterior margin, ventrally on S3 an oblong triangular spot; S4 with pale stripe against anterior margin with short hook medially, and ventrally a narrow stripe about ²/₅ the length of segment, small spots medially and posteriorly; S5 with short stripes against anterior and ventral margin; S6 and S7 with similar, but smaller markings; S8–S10 black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1036,813,1214]" box="[159,431,813,840]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,431,813,840]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="78" pageNumber="377" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,431,813,840]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Variation in paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1036,813,1214]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Males: Measurements of specimens collected near Lake Poso [mm] — Hind wing length (n = 5) x= 22.5 (22.0–23.0); hind wing width (n = 5) x= 6.0 (5.5– 6.0); abdomen length (including appendages) (n = 5) x= 19.5 (19.0–19.5). Specimens collected near Malili [mm] — Hind wing length (n = 4) x= 25.0 (24.5–26.5); hind wing width (n = 4) x= 6.5 (6.0–7.0); abdomen length (in- cluding appendages) (n = 4) x= 21.0 (20.0–22.0).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1036,813,1214]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Females: Measurements of specimens collected near Lake Poso [mm] — Hind wing length (n =5) x= 27.5 (26.5–28.0); hind wing width (n = 5) x = 7.5 (6.5–8.0); abdomen length (including appendages) (n =5) x= 20.5 (19.5– 20.5).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="78" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1037,1261,1549]" box="[159,459,1261,1288]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,459,1261,1288]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="78" pageNumber="377" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,459,1261,1288]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1037,1261,1549]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Probably restricted to streams running into or from Lake Poso or the Malili lakes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[230,314,1336,1362]" captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="82.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[528,1034,913,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[528,1036,911,1549]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 87. Distribution of Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200573/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
|
||
); specimens collected in 1915 (in SMFD) were collected in the Takala Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="78.[159,1037,1261,1549]" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">
|
||
In the Lake Poso area
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan van Tol & André Günther" authorityYear="2018" box="[436,571,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="78" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,571,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">R. virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in four different streams that flowed directly into Lake Poso at an altitude between 510 m and 750 m a.s.l. (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[166,253,1486,1512]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[159,227,1256,1281]" captionTargetBox="[509,1035,1168,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[509,1035,1168,1510]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17. Habitat of Rhinocypha virgulata sp. nov. and Libellago c. celebensis. Stream Sg. Wera below the Saluopa waterfall in disturbed secondary forest, Tonusu, north of Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi. Photo: AG (05-iii-1997)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2200427/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="377">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fast flowing, clear streams ranged from 2 to 10 m in width. The substrates were sandy-gravelly, rarely slightly muddy. The species was
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="79.[159,1036,254,690]" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">
|
||
found in forested habitats or at least streams with dense gallery forests in- cluding half-shaded streams within plantations but not in sections that were more affected by paddy fields. Probably at this time the original habitats in the open lower stream sections no longer met the habitat requirements as a result of land clearing and preparing paddy fields. The highest abundance of about 15–20 males per 100 m stream was observed in areas of slightly disturbed primary forests and well-developed secondary forests. At Sun- gai Wera the colonised section ended below the Saluopa falls. In the undis- turbed rain forest section above the falls only
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[704,865,552,578]" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,865,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">R. phantasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found. In the 1990s, the species probably spread further into the headwaters due to progressive deforestation. Current Google EarthTM images suggest all locali- ties are heavily deforested.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="378" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="79.[159,1037,739,1362]" box="[159,286,739,765]" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,286,739,765]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="79" pageNumber="378" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,286,739,765]" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="79.[159,1037,739,1362]" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">
|
||
The reproductive behaviour was studied by GÜNTHER (2008a) in the Lake Poso area, and designated as »
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[592,729,813,839]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="79" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,729,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">Rhinocypha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A«. The behaviour of the males, including threat and courtship display, was basically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Selys" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[192,322,888,914]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="79" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,322,888,914]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">R. frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males occupied their territories in the early morning. The streams, only partly shaded for most of the day, already had sunny sections at this time. Unlike other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[461,598,963,989]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Rhinocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="79" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[461,598,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">Rhinocypha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, some females were observed at the stream in the morning hours. Matings were occasionally recorded from 09:00 h solar time, but most females did not arrive until late morning. On overcast days and after rain showers, the females were not receptive. Oviposition took place in rotten timber and driftwood at the level of the water surface. Generally, females could be observed quite often far from the streams inside the forests,
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,500,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="378">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
., along small tracks. Adult males remained at the stream from early morning until early evening. The highest intensity of threat flights in males was observed at the time of the first matings in the late morning hours, as well as in the late afternoon. Most of the males defended small distinct territories over many days, sometimes for several weeks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |