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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2511-6428-1-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F4C1C6A2DFD95D3BAF5AF1CE09226837" ID-ZooBank="589077DFF8BB45ABB30D7E0DE1C307FE" ModsDocID="2511-6428-74-1-13" checkinTime="1706792588976" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Irmler, Ulrich" docDate="2024" docId="EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D" docLanguage="en" docName="ContribEntomol 74(1): 13-34" docOrigin="Contributions to Entomology 74 (1)" docPubDate="2024-01-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543" docTitle="Somoleptus alajuelae Irmler 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F8BB23D3-BE1D-427C-943E-1806F5C812BF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="F4C1C6A2DFD95D3BAF5AF1CE09226837" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="F4C1C6A2DFD95D3BAF5AF1CE09226837" masterDocTitle="Additions to Neotropical species of the genera Lithocharodes Sharp, 1881 and Somoleptus Sharp, 1881 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1706792588976" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="12AA1080896624A32935A7F7CC876091">Additions to Neotropical species of the genera Lithocharodes Sharp, 1881 and Somoleptus Sharp, 1881 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A858FBE068635762BB82B7A19A48A15F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="65A02A28D50468233B618EDCC683507E">
<mods:roleTerm id="A7CC96358FF9D0B35F668B663204ACCB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4E379AFC7E939EBDC8432715B6114593">Irmler, Ulrich</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0BB1F45A9EC1DB2C73AA76629A6B7C7F">Institute for Ecosystem Research, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D333F5C459FEF217D477854E0E8B5ED1" type="email">uirmler@ecology.uni-kiel.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="16715DECB0BAC9F3EFB5AFCB0983BDA5">
<mods:title id="F0485B8FC490164B1C21E1A43A2A5A41">Contributions to Entomology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="82194C3F373194B796777C706F3A6D48">
<mods:date id="26B800DE1492C579029C297940933213">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="534E07C7AF6E37AB877AAFD3A7F7DD06">2024-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="96D08AF1C9E43861FE2C42FC86D776DA">74</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D061D96063E468367B1CF7F3FBF124FB">13</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="2506DD3D18B0F89D4484BD0E9B580D49">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F3943FFAEF5BC50446FDC6CDAEFB4317">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8FA6926EE786D18DC34DB9B2DF1ABADA" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F8BB23D3-BE1D-427C-943E-1806F5C812BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="1ED859B685E1F7792375A5CF11056366" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1D5F9CC3253DD009ADBCCB03A48DEDFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="B9E6D6C9447633086040E7A06F0C006A" LSID="https://zoobank.org/F8BB23D3-BE1D-427C-943E-1806F5C812BF" authority="Irmler, 2024" authorityName="Irmler" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Somoleptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somoleptus alajuelae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuelae" status="sp. nov.">Somoleptus alajuelae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE61D54BDBFC02C3C96B9FBFF29E16AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C53477E0BDC4026C6469C1DDFA331DF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="94B0E3E5F278BDC02EC55F26F88CBA9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="F0783BB78BC0C7F6B89BFD20C28E1045" captionStart="Figures 912" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9. Lithocharodes parallelus; 10. L. zamorae; 11. Somoleptus alajuelae; 12. S. curtioculatus. a. Aedeagus; b. Paramere; c. Sternite VII; d. Tergite VII. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c, d); 0.1 mm (b)." figureDoi="10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/975717" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 11a-d</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3C9792FED18BB66F897FB084FDF71D44" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 20. A. Fore-body of Lithocharodes lituratus; B. L. montanus; C. L. parallelus; D. L. zamorae; E. Somoleptus alajuelae; F. S. curtioculatus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/975721" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 20E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFD5F677F367EC028C52DBA65AF2BB11" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E45420A0F69516B498FFEFF0822883E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D32EC30D7E9FE84C4BDA767AA67EE62" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="4257E520BA4714152F7EEA6C8329E5E5" collectingDate="1997-12-01" collectingDateMax="1997-12-31" collectingDateMin="1997-12-01" collectorName="P. Hanson" country="COSTA RICA" elevation="1200" location="San Ramon" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alajuela" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis id="F8453A574849F488EEE98E8E6579A671" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="FF0FBDD0B8BE9487E3A401BC8748747B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="466BDD5039327F0EC400DFD6F211177E" name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
male;
<collectingRegion id="6E0C2E750F2C7609DD746BFC32A0E98D" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="AFE4BB1DCAE2DA290F6DAD5ACB6CBDC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D:AFE4BB1DCAE2DA290F6DAD5ACB6CBDC9" country="COSTA RICA" name="San Ramon" stateProvince="Alajuela">San Ramon</location>
;
<quantity id="856E37434D5371AB229C991C5658BCE1" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
W;
<quantity id="A5D5F5D1003F4D9354B8F5B4FA6AD33B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="DC1EC7D43A2DFF35C58733C7103F2C79" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation;
<collectingDate id="B0BBD9CE4F1E10E8B4564863B5B91531" value="1997-12-01" valueMax="1997-12-31" valueMin="1997-12-01">1-31 Dec 1997</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="928055E73BDBC6E21806552EF484F79A">P. Hanson</collectorName>
leg.; KNHM CR1HAN92-97 14.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E89B42452F5379ED92712CEE39D8F35" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="2F8E09E96A675F224B698F3C194E0B6C" collectingDate="1989-05-14" collectorName="J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, Snow Entomol. Mus. Expedition" country="COSTA RICA" elevation="1400" location="Monte Verde" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis id="3D242604E8B3B004077AC5BD9EA5E476" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="96C6F5FD37753CB72DBF1BB60B297BC5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="081DFAB6EFA3F2CDCA055D29BE9497C5" name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="C543EA9F657A4D42A890D212633F2C59" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="9A2E6B446ED13D1290B4FC1AA0E166D8" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="982A5412B2F6B0E2A47DD1AFB9EF426A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D:982A5412B2F6B0E2A47DD1AFB9EF426A" country="COSTA RICA" name="Monte Verde" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Monte Verde</location>
;
<quantity id="AABD9BB7E265432DBCFA961AEEE3C62B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">
<elevation id="D35C6617208E477ED07D6EAC79F59ACA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation;
<collectingDate id="E2A57D6C1019D75BA9AC29818F11EFB9" value="1989-05-14">14 May 1989</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="429F171BA4D4D87DEF041BEAA3B5413F">J. Ashe</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="1D9F50991BA2BFBD4C86EC9EA572ACDC">R. Brooks</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="5778EF145D60D1417315059F7A86E11A">R. Leschen</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectorName id="A2DC83F18F151C380ED21C08C12C9B9D">Snow Entomol. Mus. Expedition</collectorName>
KNHM #188
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0462DAA50602EB7A55570709C954F78A" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" collectorName="de Moravia, April-May, P. Hanson" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1600" location="Zuruqui de Moravia" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="678A64BA246A8236618028EC68CE7E6E" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="3D1FACB5401ECE51F33023B3305A59CE" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose">
San
<normalizedToken id="3859929E9C0BCDCA567549067317E702" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="FDA531067A5956E31E0D3EDA977BB272" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D:FDA531067A5956E31E0D3EDA977BB272" country="Costa Rica" name="Zuruqui de Moravia" stateProvince="San Jose">
Zuruqui
<collectorName id="C34F2780A44914B1788B07F1B93A7C5E">de Moravia</collectorName>
</location>
;
<quantity id="1A267260BC85283578BD87648102EFB0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="212248794CB0F0A12BB97F9ED4DA2D22" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation;
<collectorName id="BA75058DD08B4BA9EE82F0AAD8224A90">April-May</collectorName>
1993;
<collectorName id="7342FC406B69A7A75AD3D7590F4EF87E">P. Hanson</collectorName>
leg.; KNHM
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="CD917A27B1240CE54F9CE9CC06CECAA7" collectingDate="1995-05-05" collectorName="J. S. Ashe" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1000" latitude="10.933333" location="Cacao Biological Station" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-85.45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F2C4A3ACC3879B9506B298E38153F818" count="1" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="3A5188B3801C3D0BBA3F103C6358F04F" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="94D6A2A757DB56777FCA032FF6801A2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA07553AB31B53109361DAD85ACEA53D:94D6A2A757DB56777FCA032FF6801A2C" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.933333" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-85.45" name="Cacao Biological Station" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Cacao Biological Station</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="3E2140AEDAF500AC3A1B104F550B285D" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.933333">10°56'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3BF64D1A6BE0B98781C75838DB318CB1" degrees="85" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.45">85°27'W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="CD87B3919398AB490F0443785825093F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="6427EB6340114628331A969D7615759E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation; tree-fall litter;
<collectingDate id="AE30E51C867CCFAE622455200CF32964" value="1995-05-05">5 May 1995</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="2F63FF2ECA35C5B9E02EC4C48A20886E">J.S. Ashe</collectorName>
leg.; KNHM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F35D3A89E9D5A75178749F6C51924983" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="068BEDDC72184486AF04C7B883F3CAC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A544E1EC972F585DBAA56C58B583E6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
The structure of the aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="400CD5EC642660EB08A86FC2D3081483" lsidName="S. alajuelae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="alajuelae">
<emphasis id="B053578A3DE4495E4EE1CFFD96DE8C33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. alajuelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not fit to any of the known
<taxonomicName id="98D337323884E35B800A3707C816E14C" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Somoleptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somoleptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB3007B97A8F98B91E25A98FE289EFAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Somoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups. The processes at the aedeagal orifice are neither brush-like nor translocated into the inner part. Thus, the overall structure of the aedeagus is unique within the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="7121F29A1E0AD038F96725F235FCF1CF" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Somoleptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somoleptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EA79124F768438B40BE03566CAE6D75D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Somoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Together with
<taxonomicName id="C49546AC021C7D9246E9B58DC3E38778" authorityName="Irmler" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Somoleptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somoleptus paramocola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramocola">
<emphasis id="001B39DD8FD3A61667DA36BB4E588E58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Somoleptus paramocola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., it forms a new sub-group of the
<taxonomicName id="712E600C6478CC4E24C4BE8D43A39557" lsidName="S. alticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="0B73CDC1FB6AAA16AEDBA00FC782C93A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. According to the total size and length of eyes,
<taxonomicName id="35671B8B1EFEFFA12555CFA67D8C5C89" lsidName="S. alajuelae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="alajuelae">
<emphasis id="95397620F899041CB679BA88913A1C84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. alajuelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="3C4093AEF726CD89E80A7BE689B2D7E8" lsidName="S. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="D1935C3438AFC02AD2EC9FD958986744" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Erichson, 1839). Even the shape of the aedeagus and the unique shape of the apical processes are vaguely similar to
<taxonomicName id="13120FB71BCE572FAE7F95214D4B0624" lsidName="S. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="2B0ADA2B1871FCB9D7954E4737A06B00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="8F1588085B88F5D5D8205BEA841C5B4C" lsidName="S. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="41CB763FE630EC698869FB610A74FE04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BDF5F76EBEFC4C0D6CB34936AF1BF56" lsidName="S. alajuelae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="alajuelae">
<emphasis id="B3EB72D498D6F4AC644B4BBA45852AAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. alajuelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is totally black. The differences to
<taxonomicName id="72E8D1A741F768201C70611F8B0C99AC" lsidName="S. paramocola" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="paramocola">
<emphasis id="2EA7738B77FC69684872EFA5CCC6BBA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">S. paramocola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are listed there.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48A7B76334F965AB6CC924EC4BDEB549" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="BC0C966A7B4190F881B64041269669B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AE7621F23B7EBB2550F5E358AF8CF18" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Length: 3.69 mm; Colouration: completely black; antennae light brown; legs even lighter brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F72BEA5E3BF1CF2FC49DB74BF2B378A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Head: 0.67 mm long, 0.51 mm wide; eyes prominent; large; PS:E ratio 2.6; sides slightly divergent; without posterior angles; posterior part widely rounded; nearly semi-circular; inter-antennal furrows divergent; reaching mid-length of eyes; setiferous punctation deep and dense; between eyes partly coriaceous; narrow mid-line between eyes and wide mid-spot on disc impunctate; on average, interstices between punctures of hind-head half as wide as diameter of punctures; surface without microsculpture; polished; antennae with first antennomere elongate; shorter than half-length of head; second and third antennomere conical; combined half as long as first antennomere; following antennomeres transverse; apically increasing in width. Pronotum: 0.79 mm long, 0.48 mm wide; widest at anterior third; posteriorly slightly divergent; posterior angles sub-rectangular; setiferous punctation irregular; anteriorly denser than posteriorly; in posterior half, interstices at least as wide as diameter of punctures; wide mid-line impunctate. Elytra: 0.72 mm long, 0.63 mm wide; humeral angles obtuse; sides parallel; posterior angles sub-rectangular; posterior margin slightly retreated to suture; setiferous punctation irregular; in apical part, extremely deep and dense; nearly coriaceous; in posterior part sparser; on average, interstices half as wide as diameter of punctures; surface without microsculpture; polished. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate; surface without microsculpture; polished; sternite VII of male with slightly convex posterior margin; tergite VII of male with triangularly prominent posterior margin; meso-tibia with 5, meta-tibia with 3 ctenidia. Aedeagus nearly circular; dorsal plate covering nearly total central lobe; apical orifice large; with pair of non-brushed prominences formed like cow horns; C:A ratio 0.3; parameres slightly projecting horn-like processes; bilobed; inner lobe with wide base; abruptly narrowed apically; hook-like top; at apex with several long setae and few elongate sensillae; outer lobe transparent; narrow; slightly curved.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A54267D0F4F7414C39559D8B8F5A3BD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="170A3A11D86BBE0FA59C9156C6136C63" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F47F14D262478124975D33E06A256BDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">The species name is derived from the Costa Rican Province Alajuela.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6C89E9376B8645E1CBB6982D5048A8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="geography">
<paragraph id="E0BA7CD3CC03239D74914B6A5EDE66CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Geography.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E0CAACDC865B9D2C6193D5D66D4CEB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Western Costa Rica.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8BCC118845C95FE655B99820E4BA846" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="C26185D299D39A577C52E97407168A77" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C585B6182920330F4AD5911A58598119" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Forest floor between 1000 and 1600 m elevation from December to May.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>