203 lines
22 KiB
XML
203 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="48E90B9AE8AE63A8D0D1240563C1F631" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54508a8c-23ca-4301-b495-b63871ead137" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272528" ID-ZooBank="B0854097-2CA6-41CF-B44C-8A0F49819DA0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477991165189" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chang, Chih-Han, Snyder, Bruce A. & Szlavecz, Katalin" docDate="2016" docId="4A3787AD5456A560FF3C073B47C1FE5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4179.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4179 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amynthas hupeiensis Michaelsen 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="510" masterDocId="B60EFFD5545BA56FFFAB0075471EFFF3" masterDocTitle="Asian pheretimoid earthworms in North America north of Mexico: An illustrated key to the genera Amynthas, Metaphire, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="508" updateTime="1698391540546" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="CAB40DA7CD97E55BC7235467BEC3A349" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="47BA274C23A6F636833AC2E6287C12F3">
|
||
<mods:title id="3D68A091537CAD4769A7BD462F0CF011">Asian pheretimoid earthworms in North America north of Mexico: An illustrated key to the genera Amynthas, Metaphire, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="71C04F013CE3AD38A190AF616ABA8040" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="994F48CE40D5BC210C45A1AD0D8797C8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="161FAB47661152F3473BB7EA2863D0F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="34DAAA47611D1E9BF75C4EB4F1615ED2">Chang, Chih-Han</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FAA2629FD7BCEAFADDB59F289998F606" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AB5675976F1976595EE9DFD0ACA06FDF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AD324815133A39FA37F6B27D86CEFF03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5417DBFE6D824AE814374ED82A990693">Snyder, Bruce A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6BE59EDAAF47142799AB41C1A0DFE730" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0EAE34E1ACD4D1E449E8C9C81ADB5F9C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="70A93BE4C450634F474DD154401370BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D13A3DCB335F3F36A74F474F6D8E0F25">Szlavecz, Katalin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AD728E924D8115907C011F642F144EBA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A5C99DF67C81EE842821931CE6491EAE" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="460F5952137565B1E255558066E21F22">
|
||
<mods:title id="03CC964DC41AF6B385714AF04A549349">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="54842351F5A42E23ECCAFF6CE0ACF58A">
|
||
<mods:date id="B2A207035332F8A025118575EF6B3D3D">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C4FEAC24A789379DAB35A03CE2AD77E5" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="A237339B82D239EFCC341BD9AFE5F20B">4179</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="565EEA82366DB469F9F4FEAC6CF1CE18" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="66B2EE866A165D049273CF2D895E91D5">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="0C545EF5ECF8594C27F881C5AB14E571" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="444215366C6A4722D219C2856ACA792C">495</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="A00BC39C6967C50F70A236BE8FF2C90C">529</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="F7F085C21D0605A512D202E2F7034041">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BC7261E7FB8127B8E6705928004D1013" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AA8FF6FF2C93C36D2B9F15DB40C5E87D" type="GBIF-Dataset">54508a8c-23ca-4301-b495-b63871ead137</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1311975C9F375A5EAB8676573167A2E4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BAC35C30560E1F601929C80BC527D974" type="Zenodo-Dep">272528</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9675525A2900D8A095078515208F581E" type="ZooBank">B0854097-2CA6-41CF-B44C-8A0F49819DA0</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="4A3787AD5456A560FF3C073B47C1FE5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5671379" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5671379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A3787AD5456A560FF3C073B47C1FE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A3787AD5456A560FF3C073B47C1FE5C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305456A562FF3C073B45B6F89B" box="[151,680,1869,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5456A562FF3C073B45B6F89B" blockId="13.[151,680,1869,1929]" box="[151,680,1869,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<heading id="996981D75456A562FF3C073B45B6F89B" bold="true" box="[151,680,1869,1896]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95456A562FF3C073B45B6F89B" bold="true" box="[151,680,1869,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385456A562FF1F073845B6F89B" authority="Michaelsen, 1895" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1895" box="[180,680,1869,1896]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95456A562FF1F073846A8F894" bold="true" box="[180,438,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Amynthas hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5456A562FE6E073B45BEF89B" author="Michaelsen" box="[453,672,1870,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1895) Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaeten. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins, Hamburg, 13, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1895">Michaelsen, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305456A562FF3C07054651F87A" box="[151,335,1904,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5456A562FF3C07054651F87A" blockId="13.[151,680,1869,1929]" box="[151,335,1904,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5AA52A3E5456A562FF3507054618F87A" box="[158,262,1904,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,376,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1515]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Color photographs of live individuals of (A) Amynthas agrestis, (B) Amynthas corticis, (C) Amynthas gracilis, (D) Amynthas hupeiensis, (E) Amynthas minimus, (F) Amynthas morrisi, (G) Amynthas tokioensis, (H) Metaphire californica, (I) Metaphire hilgendorfi, (J) Metaphire posthuma, (K) Pithemera bicincta, and (L) Polypheretima elongata, showing interspecific variations in colorations and body shapes. Specimens are from US (A, B, D, G, I) and Taiwan (C, E, F, H, J, K, L). Photo credit: Chih-Han Chang (A, B, D, E, G, H, I) and Wen-Jay Chih (C, F, J, K, L). The photographs of A. minimus and M. californica have been previously presented in Chang et al. (2009 a)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272529/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305456A561FF3C07CD45B6FEE2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5456A562FF3C07CD4541F83D" blockId="13.[151,1028,1976,2029]" box="[151,607,1976,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955456A562FF3C07CD4541F83D" box="[151,607,1976,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385456A562FF3C07CD4545F83D" authority="Michaelsen, 1895: 35" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,603,1976,1998]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95456A562FF3C07CD4669F83D" box="[151,375,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Perichaeta hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5456A562FED607CD4545F83D" author="Michaelsen" box="[381,603,1976,1998]" page="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" year="1895">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5456A562FED607CD452BF83D" author="Michaelsen" box="[381,565,1976,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1895) Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaeten. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins, Hamburg, 13, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1895">Michaelsen, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 35
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5456A562FF3C07A2431AF81E" blockId="13.[151,1028,1976,2029]" box="[151,1028,2007,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955456A562FF3C07A2431AF81E" box="[151,1028,2007,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385456A562FF3C07A2466FF81E" box="[151,369,2007,2029]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95456A562FF3C07A2466FF81E" box="[151,369,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Pheretima hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5456A562FE2107A2452CF81E" author="Gates" box="[394,562,2007,2029]" page="356" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" year="1937">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5456A562FE2107A2451EF81E" author="Gates" box="[394,512,2007,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" refString="Gates, G. E. (1937) The genus Pheretima in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 80, 339 - 373." type="journal article" year="1937">Gates 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 356
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1954: 234; 1958: 17, 31; 1963: 13; 1982: 52.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5455A561FF3C00ED4644FF3F" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955455A561FF3C00ED4644FF3F" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385455A561FF3C00ED4673FF5D" box="[151,365,152,174]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FF3C00ED4673FF5D" box="[151,365,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Amynthas hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5455A561FE2C00ED458FFF5D" author="Sims" box="[391,657,152,174]" page="237" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FE2C00ED4543FF5D" author="Sims" box="[391,605,152,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Sims & Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 237
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5455A561FD3000ED4475FF5D" author="Reynolds" box="[667,875,152,174]" page="123" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FD3000ED4426FF5D" author="Reynolds" box="[667,824,152,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Reynolds, J. W. (1978) The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). IV. Megascolecidae, with notes on distribution, biology and a key to the species in the state. Megadrilogica, 3, 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="1978">Reynolds 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 123
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 127; 2010: 147; 2011: 273.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5455A561FB3F00ED47FDFF3F" author="Reynolds" page="88" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FB3F00ED4287FF5D" author="Reynolds" box="[1172,1433,152,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Reynolds, J. W. & Wetzel, M. J. (2004) Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America north of Mexico. Megadrilogica, 9, 71 - 98." type="journal article" year="2004">Reynolds & Wetzel 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 88
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 2008: 179.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5455A561FF3C008C45B6FEE2" blockId="14.[151,1437,249,526]" box="[151,680,249,274]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FF3C008C4629FEE2" bold="true" box="[151,311,249,273]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Data sources.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FE96008C46D7FEE2" author="Gates" box="[317,457,249,273]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Gates, G. E. (1937) The genus Pheretima in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 80, 339 - 373." type="journal article" year="1937">Gates (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FE7F008C4511FEE1" author="Gates" box="[468,527,249,274]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Gates, G. E. (1954) Exotic earthworms of the United States. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 111, 219 - 258." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FDB1008C454BFEE1" author="Gates" box="[538,597,249,274]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Gates, G. E. (1958) On some species of the oriental earthworm genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867, with a key to species reported from the Americas. American Museum Novitates, 1888, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5455A561FDF4008C4585FEE2" author="Gates" box="[607,667,249,273]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305455A561FF6C01694303FDFE" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5455A561FF6C01694303FDFE" blockId="14.[151,1437,249,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FF6C0169465FFEC6" bold="true" box="[199,321,284,309]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Size
|
||
<quantity id="05669B5E5455A561FE2C016B450FFEC6" box="[391,529,286,310]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="130.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="40.0">40–220 mm</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<quantity id="05669B5E5455A561FDE9016845B8FEC6" box="[578,678,285,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Segment numbers 97–138. Color of live specimens green. Male pores paired in XVIII, on a small circular porophore. Post-clitellar genital markings two pairs, one on 17/18 and one on 18/19, slightly median to the male pores. Spermathecal pores three pairs on the anterior margin of VII–IX. Pre-clitellar genital markings absent. Female pore single in XIV. First dorsal pore 11/12 or 12/13. Spermathecae three pairs in VII–IX, duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum longer than main axis, with a stalk shorter than the elongate tubular seminal chamber. Prostate glands paired, extending anteriorly to XVI, XVII and posteriorly to XIX, XX. Intestinal caeca paired in XVII, simple, extending anteriorly to XXIV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="96E166335455A561FF3C072943FCF862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[156,1431,583,1857]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5455A561FF3C072943FCF862" blockId="14.[151,1436,1884,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FF3C07294600F881" bold="true" box="[151,286,1884,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385455A561FE8F072946E4F881" box="[292,506,1884,1906]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FE8F072946E4F881" box="[292,506,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Amynthas hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FDA40729453FF881" bold="true" box="[527,545,1884,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">A</emphasis>
|
||
) Right male pores (arrow) and the associated genital markings. (
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FB1F072943DBF881" bold="true" box="[1204,1221,1884,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">B</emphasis>
|
||
) Right spermathecae in VII–IX. (
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FEBB070E463CF862" bold="true" box="[272,290,1915,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">C</emphasis>
|
||
) Left prostate gland and its duct (arrow). (
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95455A561FD78070E45FBF862" bold="true" box="[723,741,1915,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">D</emphasis>
|
||
) Left intestinal caecum. All from USNM 125079.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305454A560FF6C00ED47C1FE5C" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5454A560FF6C00ED47C1FE5C" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95454A560FF6C00ED4625FF43" bold="true" box="[199,315,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Frequently reported in North America,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385454A560FD5300ED4492FF43" box="[760,908,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95454A560FD5300ED4492FF43" box="[760,908,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">A. hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first recorded from specimens collected in
|
||
<quantity id="05669B5E5454A560FF3C00C947F5FF26" box="[151,235,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8514" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" unit="in" value="1910.0">1910 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="005AF8595454A560FF5900C94664FF26" box="[242,378,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, D.C. While this species probably originated from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BA89762B5454A560FC1B00C944E8FF26" box="[944,1014,188,213]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5454A560FBAA00C9438CFF27" author="Gates" box="[1025,1170,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">Gates (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed that it came to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BA89762B5454A560FF6F009547F6FF0B" box="[196,232,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BA89762B5454A560FE9E0095466BFF04" box="[309,373,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
with the flowering cherry trees currently featured in the "Cherry Blossom Festival" in the nation's capital. All American specimens reported so far are parthenogenetic, but some specimens from other parts of the world were claimed to be amphimictic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5454A560FD04015D442BFEB3" author="Gates" box="[687,821,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">Gates 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385454A560FCE0015D4326FEB3" box="[843,1080,296,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95454A560FCE0015D4326FEB3" box="[843,1080,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">Amynthas hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prefers sandy soils and can be found along sandy riverbanks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5454A560FE58013B45C2FE94" author="Szlavecz" box="[499,732,334,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" refString="Szlavecz, K., Chang, C. - H., Burgess, J. L. & Csuzdi, C. (2014) Earthworms (Annelida: Clitellata) of Plummers Island, Maryland, U. S. A., with description of a new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 126, 312 - 322. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 126.4.312" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Szlavecz
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95454A560FDF401254586FE94" box="[607,664,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The density of this species can reach 110 individuals/m2, and its casts have caused problems in golf courses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5454A560FD0201064433FE78" author="Gates" box="[681,813,371,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">Gates 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5454A560FC9201074336FE78" author="Redmond" box="[825,1064,370,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" refString="Redmond, C. T., Kesheimer, A. & Potter, D. A. (2014) Earthworm community composition, seasonal population structure, and casting activity on Kentucky golf courses. Applied Soil Ecology, 75, 116 - 123. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apsoil. 2013.11.005" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Redmond
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95454A560FC06010644FBFE78" box="[941,997,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where the species is considered a pest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |