165 lines
18 KiB
XML
165 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="4B751CB082D2AD7D8ABABC186A4ECF98" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54508a8c-23ca-4301-b495-b63871ead137" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272528" ID-ZooBank="B0854097-2CA6-41CF-B44C-8A0F49819DA0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477991165189" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chang, Chih-Han, Snyder, Bruce A. & Szlavecz, Katalin" docDate="2016" docId="4A3787AD5449A57DFF3C04CC44B4F894" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4179.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4179 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amynthas rodericensis Grube 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="513" masterDocId="B60EFFD5545BA56FFFAB0075471EFFF3" masterDocTitle="Asian pheretimoid earthworms in North America north of Mexico: An illustrated key to the genera Amynthas, Metaphire, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="513" updateTime="1698391540546" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9A649605CC314D28CF154A3E06E5261E">Asian pheretimoid earthworms in North America north of Mexico: An illustrated key to the genera Amynthas, Metaphire, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CCBFC7A30F27452838A67B2F2A3A9915">Chang, Chih-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D89809A6A940956EE7F1B68FB095591A">Snyder, Bruce A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0739FF136B62B6A33860687F94F91051">Szlavecz, Katalin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B792BBDE168F3769AD2E391CD1F66AFF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="746BAB9F8D1740D68D0546FFBABB88DE">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="92B6B8DAA5F23E9DB3820D95024C3BEE">4179</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4A3787AD5449A57DFF3C04CC44B4F894" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5671387" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5671387" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A3787AD5449A57DFF3C04CC44B4F894" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A3787AD5449A57DFF3C04CC44B4F894" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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<subSubSection id="8A8465305449A57DFF3C04CC4563FB20" box="[151,637,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF3C04CC4563FB20" blockId="18.[151,637,1209,1269]" box="[151,637,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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<heading id="996981D75449A57DFF3C04CC4563FB20" bold="true" box="[151,637,1209,1235]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF3C04CC4563FB20" bold="true" box="[151,637,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385449A57DFF1F04CC4563FB20" authority="Grube, 1879" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1879" box="[180,637,1209,1235]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF1F04CC46D9FB20" bold="true" box="[180,455,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Amynthas rodericensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFE7304CC456BFB20" author="Grube" box="[472,629,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Grube, E. (1879) Annelida. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 168, 554 - 556. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1879.0057" type="journal article" year="1879">Grube, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8A8465305449A57DFF3C04A94608FB06" box="[151,278,1244,1269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF3C04A94608FB06" blockId="18.[151,637,1209,1269]" box="[151,278,1244,1269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5AA52A3E5449A57DFF3504A94612FB06" box="[158,268,1244,1269]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1074,1096]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Amynthas rodericensis. (A) Both male pores (arrows) and the associated genital markings, showing two on each side. (B) Right male pore (arrow) with only the post-setal genital marking. (C) Right male pore with no genital marking. A – C all from USNM 125143, different specimens. (D) Paired dorsal spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (arrows); dorsal view. The relatively light-colored pores can usually be easily seen due to the relatively dark dorsal pigmentation (USNM 125161). (E) Left spermathecae in VII – IX. (F) Left prostate gland and its duct (arrow). (G) Left intestinal caecum. E – G from the same specimen in USNM 125143." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272543/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Figure 15</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8A8465305449A57DFF3C055145B6FA28" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF3C0551455FFAC9" blockId="18.[151,1435,1316,1430]" box="[151,577,1316,1338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955449A57DFF3C0551455FFAC9" box="[151,577,1316,1338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385449A57DFF3C05514523FAC9" authority="Grube 1879: 554" authorityName="Grube" authorityPageNumber="554" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,573,1316,1338]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF3C05514696FAC9" box="[151,392,1316,1338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Perichaeta rodericensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5449A57DFE2405514523FAC9" author="Grube" box="[399,573,1316,1338]" page="554" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFE2405514515FAC9" author="Grube" box="[399,523,1316,1338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Grube, E. (1879) Annelida. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 168, 554 - 556. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1879.0057" type="journal article" year="1879">Grube 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 554
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF3C0537462AFA65" blockId="18.[151,1435,1316,1430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955449A57DFF3C0537462AFA65" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385449A57DFF3C0537469CFAAB" box="[151,386,1346,1368]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF3C0537469CFAAB" box="[151,386,1346,1368]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Pheretima rodericensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5449A57DFE370537455AFAAB" author="Gates" box="[412,580,1346,1368]" page="239" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" year="1954">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFE370537450FFAAB" author="Gates" box="[412,529,1346,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Gates, G. E. (1954) Exotic earthworms of the United States. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 111, 219 - 258." type="journal article" year="1954">Gates 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 239
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; 1958: 31; 1963: 14; 1982: 63.
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385449A57DFF3C05144660FA84" box="[151,382,1377,1399]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF3C05144660FA84" box="[151,382,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Amynthas rodericensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5449A57DFE33051445BFFA84" author="Sims" box="[408,673,1377,1399]" page="235" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFE3305144573FA84" author="Sims" box="[408,621,1377,1399]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Sims & Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 235
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5449A57DFD0005144465FA84" author="Reynolds" box="[683,891,1377,1399]" page="127" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" year="1978">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFD0005144459FA84" author="Reynolds" box="[683,839,1377,1399]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Reynolds, J. W. (1978) The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). IV. Megascolecidae, with notes on distribution, biology and a key to the species in the state. Megadrilogica, 3, 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="1978">Reynolds 1978</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 127
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; 2010: 149; 2011: 277.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5449A57DFBC605144286FA84" author="Reynolds" box="[1133,1432,1377,1399]" page="88" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFBC60514426CFA84" author="Reynolds" box="[1133,1394,1377,1399]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Reynolds, J. W. & Wetzel, M. J. (2004) Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America north of Mexico. Megadrilogica, 9, 71 - 98." type="journal article" year="2004">Reynolds & Wetzel 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 88
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 2008: 180.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF3C05B645B6FA28" blockId="18.[151,1437,1474,1895]" box="[151,680,1474,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
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||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF3C05B64629FA28" bold="true" box="[151,311,1475,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Data sources.</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFE9605B646D7FA28" author="Gates" box="[317,457,1475,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Gates, G. E. (1937) The genus Pheretima in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 80, 339 - 373." type="journal article" year="1937">Gates (1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFE7F05B74511FA28" author="Gates" box="[468,527,1474,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Gates, G. E. (1954) Exotic earthworms of the United States. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 111, 219 - 258." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFDB105B6454BFA28" author="Gates" box="[538,597,1475,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms - Introduction to systematics and biology of megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62, 5 - 324. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFDF405B64585FA28" author="Gates" box="[607,667,1475,1499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305449A57DFF6C0593441BF925" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF6C0593441BF925" blockId="18.[151,1437,1474,1895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF6C0593465FFA0C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1510,1535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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Size
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||
<quantity id="05669B5E5449A57DFED405934518FA0D" box="[383,518,1510,1535]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.55" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" unit="mm" value="102.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="55.0">55–150 mm</quantity>
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by
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<quantity id="05669B5E5449A57DFD9B05924580FA0D" box="[560,670,1511,1535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
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. Segment numbers 80–100. Color of live specimens unknown. Male pores paired in XVIII, small, superficial, on small, circular porophores. Post-clitellar genital markings paired, oval, large, median to male pores, across 17/18 and/or 18/19. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5/6/7/8/9, dorsal. Preclitellar genital markings absent. Female pore single in XIV. First dorsal pore 11/12 or 12/13. Spermathecae four pairs in VI–IX, duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum stalk longer than the duct, seminal chamber elongate, ellipsoidal, or moniliform. Prostate glands paired, extending from XVI, XVII to XXI, XXII. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, extending anteriorly to XXIV–XXV.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305449A57DFF6C069644B4F894" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5449A57DFF6C069644B4F894" blockId="18.[151,1437,1474,1895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">
|
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFF6C06964625F908" bold="true" box="[199,315,1763,1787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The first record of
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385449A57DFDBC069645A1F908" box="[535,703,1763,1787]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFDBC069645A1F908" box="[535,703,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">A. rodericensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the continental
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<collectingCountry id="BA89762B5449A57DFC39069644A8F908" box="[914,950,1763,1787]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">US</collectingCountry>
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was in
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||
<quantity id="05669B5E5449A57DFBA60697437CF908" box="[1037,1122,1762,1787]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.953" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" unit="in" value="1950.0">1950 in</quantity>
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Lutz,
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<collectingRegion id="005AF8595449A57DFB00069743E2F908" box="[1195,1276,1762,1787]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">Florida</collectingRegion>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5449A57DFAA00696428EF908" author="Gates" box="[1291,1424,1762,1787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" refString="Gates, G. E. (1954) Exotic earthworms of the United States. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 111, 219 - 258." type="journal article" year="1954">Gates 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is the only
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<collectingCountry id="BA89762B5449A57DFE02077246D3F8EC" box="[425,461,1799,1823]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">US</collectingCountry>
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||
pheretimoid earthworm with dorsally positioned spermathecal pores. Identification of this species can easily be achieved by combining this unique spermathecal pore position and the genital markings in the male pore area. Reproduction of
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385449A57DFDE6073A45EBF895" box="[589,757,1870,1894]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="18" pageNumber="513" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95449A57DFDE6073A45EBF895" box="[589,757,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="513">A. rodericensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is amphimictic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |