220 lines
32 KiB
XML
220 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="F6B768C09A9ABD562C9EF609C571F16D" ID-CLB-Dataset="54687" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2022.81.03" ID-GBIF-Dataset="045422f6-7c32-4639-bee7-20afa0356f60" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065455" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1687358343300" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="McSweeney, Fearghus R., Shimeta, Jeff & Buckeridge, John St J. S." docDate="2022" docId="8A163363D8318C12FCDFFD17FC3AFD6B" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.81.43-53.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 81" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2022.81.03" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.1:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Taungurungia garrattii McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="762F4B1BD8338C17FFF6FF96F934FFA6" masterDocTitle="Taungurungia gen. nov., from the Lower Devonian of Yea, central Victoria, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1699529743777" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B7E8175750A5DBAF97741694C8915043">Taungurungia gen. nov., from the Lower Devonian of Yea, central Victoria, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F139E651ED3D34786BD1E3572984323">McSweeney, Fearghus R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9707C63693D861EC5ADE53B166125A53">Shimeta, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="287FD80AD77C1952A3E4551EE8D276C3">Buckeridge, John St J. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="27D192782E0681E7EF777597F6A4828D">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5B2D33254DA53C1BBC7332426335BEFD">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8A163363D8318C12FCDFFD17FC3AFD6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8083118" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210477373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8083118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A163363D8318C12FCDFFD17FC3AFD6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A163363D8318C12FCDFFD17FC3AFD6B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="4AA5D1FED8318C15FCDFFD17FD42FD30" box="[809,1142,641,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="02008275D8318C15FCDFFD17FD42FD30" blockId="2.[809,1142,641,662]" box="[809,1142,641,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="59483519D8318C15FCDFFD17FD42FD30" bold="true" box="[809,1142,641,662]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8318C15FCDFFD17FD42FD30" bold="true" box="[809,1142,641,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8318C15FCDFFD17FD16FD30" authority="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge, 2022" authorityName="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[809,1058,641,662]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Taungurungia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garrattii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8318C15FCDFFD17FD16FD30" bold="true" box="[809,1058,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Taungurungia garrattii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF8E31CD8318C15FBDEFD17FD42FD30" box="[1064,1142,641,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AA5D1FED8318C12FCDFFD38FC3AFD6B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="02008275D8318C15FCDFFD38FC96FA8E" blockId="2.[808,1442,685,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8318C15FCDFFD38FA94FD65" box="[809,928,686,707]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
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(based on
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<specimenCount id="14B949FCD8318C15FBFAFD38FDA1FD65" box="[1036,1173,685,707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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part and counterpart): The specimen consists of six parent axes that are
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FB06FD5CFC5DFD46" box="[1264,1385,714,736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="2.4">2.4–7.5 mm</quantity>
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wide and taper gently acropetally; three of these axes are poorly preserved. The axes are oxidised and golden to yellow in coloration, with a vascular trace evident in parts of the axes, most notably proximally measuring
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FB63FCA9FDD5FCF2" box="[1173,1249,831,853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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wide. Three of the larger axes terminate in a single sessile large ovate sporangium (fig. 3a). One is poorly preserved with only part of its apical region preserved (fig. 3b). The largest sporangium is
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FAA7FC00FC94FC0A" box="[1361,1440,918,940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
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wide and
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FC67FC25FAD9FC6F" box="[913,1005,947,969]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
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long and is ovate, reaching its maximum width
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FC9CFC47FA8CFC40" box="[874,952,977,999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
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up from its base (figs 3, 4a, b). The sporangium does not possess a stalk, appears sessile and is partially embedded in the axis with a curved junction. Another large sporangium occurs low on the specimen (figs 3, 5) and is
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FA8EFBBEFA65FBFD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="14.7">14.7 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FC46FBD3FACFFBFD" box="[944,1019,1093,1115]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
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wide and is missing part of its cast basally. This sporangium sits with part of its basal region embedded into its subtending axis, again with a curved junction. The distal region of this sporangium is more elongate. These two sporangia have two fractures running transversely at an oblique angle. There is no evidence of a bounded region along these fractures to indicate they are related to dehiscence. Additionally, there is no evidence of a marginal rim preserved on any of the sporangia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02008275D8318C15FCB9FAB9FD29F988" blockId="2.[808,1442,685,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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Emergences are
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FC0AFAB9FD4CFAE2" box="[1020,1144,1327,1349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.5 mm</quantity>
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wide and
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FB1CFAB9FC52FAE2" box="[1258,1382,1327,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–3.4 mm</quantity>
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long, varying in morphology according to length (fig. 6) and more occur on the largest axis than the other axes. The smaller emergences are deltoid, and the larger emergences are elongate and perpendicular to the parent axes. One elongate emergence extends perpendicular to the parent axis for about
|
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FAB8FA57FC95FA70" box="[1358,1441,1473,1494]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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before re-orientating at about 45° to the axis (fig. 6d). One of the deltoid emergences has a fine vascular trace
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FAF9FA6DFC5DF9B6" box="[1295,1385,1531,1552]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
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wide along its length (fig. 6b).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="02008275D8318C14FCB9F9A3FB02FEF4" blockId="2.[808,1442,685,1903]" lastBlockId="3.[147,779,229,1087]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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Fusiform bodies (figs 7, 8) up to
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FB52F9A3FDC7F9ED" box="[1188,1267,1589,1611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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wide and
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||
<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FA95F9A3FC95F9ED" box="[1379,1441,1589,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long occur on the axes, most occurring distally but in two instances are found to occur in discrete areas of no more than
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FA65F9E6FA65F904" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8318C15FC4EF91BFAC7F904" box="[952,1011,1677,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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wide on the sides of the main parent axes (fig. 8a, b). Dégagement of the distal region of one of the daughter axes revealed fine fusiform bodies with short stalks (fig. 7a, b). Additionally, similar fusiform bodies were found to occur on the narrow lateral axes that emanate from the main parent axes at almost right angles (fig. 7e), and on the counterpart, faint impressions of numerous fusiform bodies were found on the large central terminal sporangium (fig. 4c). Dégagement above the main large terminal sporangium revealed more of these fusiform bodies extending beyond the large sporangium (figs 4d, 9). There is no connection between the small fusiform bodies and the large terminal sporangium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02008275D8308C14FF4FFECEFBE9FB99" blockId="3.[147,779,229,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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Three
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<typeStatus id="DD043CD7D8308C14FF0AFECFF804FEC8" box="[252,304,345,366]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
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of branching are evident. The first is where a parent axis branches anisotomously and is only seen once, occurring
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FF0CFE04F877FE0E" box="[250,323,402,424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
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from its apex producing a daughter axis
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FD1DFE04F98EFE62" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
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wide that tapers to
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FE77FE39F8FBFE62" box="[385,463,431,453]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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wide (figs 3, 7a). The daughter axis and distal region of the parent axis both appear lax. The second
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<typeStatus id="DD043CD7D8308C14FF17FE7FF83FFE58" box="[225,267,489,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
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of branching occurs along the sides of the parent axes and consists of narrow lateral axes usually branching perpendicular from the parent axis. These narrow lateral axes are about
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FF25FDA9F816FDF2" box="[211,290,575,596]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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wide and up to
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FE27FDA9FB12FDF2" box="[465,550,575,596]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
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long and are sparsely distributed on the parent axes; some occur just beneath the large terminal sporangium of the central axis (fig. 7e). None of these narrow lateral axes branch, and they possess two to three fusiform bodies interpreted as dormant buds or sterile sporangia, one of which is always terminal. One large example of a lateral axis occurs proximally off one of the parent axes and is
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FD33FD7AFA3FFCA7" box="[709,779,748,770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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long, varying in width from
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FE5EFC9FFB15FCB8" box="[424,545,777,798]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.1 mm</quantity>
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, curving orthotropically with a terminal fusiform body
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FE37FCB3FB2DFC9D" box="[449,537,805,827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
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wide and
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<quantity id="C5472F90D8308C14FD76FCB3FBECFC9D" box="[640,728,805,827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
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||
long (fig. 7c, d). A third
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<typeStatus id="DD043CD7D8308C14FE9CFCD5F8A0FCFE" box="[362,404,835,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
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||
of branching occurs basally on the central axis with an oblique axial extension forming an approximate K-branch (fig. 3a), with some smaller protuberances, possibly remnants of fusiform bodies (fig. 8c), close to each other. The acroscopic part of this vegetation is similar in morphology to the distal regions of the two large terminal sporangia.A portion of axis was extracted from a poorly exposed axis (fig. 3) within the matrix, revealing longitudinal structures possibly indicative of the cell’s original orientation (fig. 10).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02008275D8308C14FCC7FF70FC05FC9D" blockId="3.[817,1449,229,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FCC7FF70FAA8FF5D" box="[817,924,230,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Comments</emphasis>
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: The location of sporangia has been used by many workers (
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<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FC61FE94FD48FEB1" author="Edwards, D. & Kenrick, P. & Carluccio, L. M." box="[919,1148,258,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="293 - 318" refId="ref5942" refString="Edwards, D., Kenrick, P., and Carluccio, L. M. 1989. A reconsideration of cf. Psilophyton princeps (Croft & Lang, 1942), a zosterophyll widespread in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of South Wales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 100: 293 - 318." type="journal article" year="1989">Edwards et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FB7BFE94FC21FEB1" author="Gensel, P. G." box="[1165,1301,258,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="450 - 473" refId="ref6238" refString="Gensel, P. G. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the zosterophylls and lycopsids: evidence from morphology, paleoecology, and cladistic methods of inference. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 450 - 473." type="journal article" year="1992">Gensel 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FAD0FE94FAE5FE92" author="Kenrick, P. & Edwards, D." pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="97 - 115" refId="ref6715" refString="Kenrick, P., and Edwards, D. 1988. A new zosterophyll from a recently discovered exposure of the Lower Devonian Senni Beds in Dyfed, Wales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 98: 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1988">Kenrick and Edwards, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FC13FE89FDC6FE93" author="Niklas, K. J. & Banks, H. P." box="[997,1266,287,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="274 - 283" refId="ref7123" refString="Niklas, K. J., and Banks, H. P. 1990. A re-evaluation of the Zosterophyllophytina with comments on the origin of lycopods. American Journal of Botany 77 (2): 274 - 283." type="journal article" year="1990">Niklas and Banks, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to differentiate zosterophylls into either the Gosslingiales or Zosterophyllales. Zosterophyllales have both lateral and terminal sporangia. However, the presence of emergences suggests affinities with the Gosslingiales; but Gosslingiales lacks terminal sporangia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FCCEFE39FD18FE63" author="Hao, S. - G. & Xue, J." box="[824,1068,431,453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref6512" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Xue, J. 2013. The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan - a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and diversity of vascular plants. Science Press: Beijing. 366 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hao and Xue, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the sporangia of
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FCC7FE5AFD11FE47" box="[817,1061,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Taungurangia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8308C14FC38FE5AFD11FE47" authorityName="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[974,1061,460,481]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Taungurungia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garrattii">garrattii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are not reinform or globose as in zosterophylls, which precludes assignation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8308C14FAFEFE7EFC93FE5B" authorityName="D.P.Penhallow" authorityYear="1892" box="[1288,1447,488,509]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FAFEFE7EFC93FE5B" box="[1288,1447,488,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FCCEFD93FD33FDBD" author="Edwards, D. & Geng, B. - Y. & Li, C. - S." box="[824,1031,517,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="0163549" refId="ref5892" refString="Edwards, D., Geng, B. - Y., and Li, C. - S. 2016. New plants from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Group, Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province, China. PLoS One 11 (11): e 0163549." type="journal article" year="2016">Edwards et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FBE6FD93FDF2FDBD" author="Gensel, P. G." box="[1040,1222,517,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="450 - 473" refId="ref6238" refString="Gensel, P. G. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the zosterophylls and lycopsids: evidence from morphology, paleoecology, and cladistic methods of inference. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 450 - 473." type="journal article" year="1992">Gensel, 1992: 455</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Instead, the terminal sporangia are noticeably elongate and lack a thickened zone bounding a dehiscence line as seen in most zosterophylls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FA8AFDA9FAFAFDD4" author="Hao, S. - G. & Xue, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refId="ref6512" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Xue, J. 2013. The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan - a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and diversity of vascular plants. Science Press: Beijing. 366 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hao and Xue, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The apparent limited branching and single terminal elongate sporangium suggests rhyniophytes affinities, but while branching appears limited, numerous slender axes emanate from the parent axes. Based on the primary characteristics – notably the presence of emergences, K- or H-branching, conspicuous large terminal elongate sporangium and noticeably sparse branching – we provisionally place
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FCC7FCB0FD29FC9D" box="[817,1053,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Taungurangia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8308C14FC30FCB0FD29FC9D" authorityName="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[966,1053,806,827]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Taungurungia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garrattii">garrattii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the Class
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FB69FCB0FC1FFC9C" box="[1183,1323,805,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="02008275D8308C12FCA1FCD5FCAAFEC9" blockId="3.[817,1449,229,1087]" lastBlockId="5.[816,1449,229,717]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
We believe the small fusiform bodies may represent buds or sterile vestigial sporangia (figs 7, 8). This is a similar conundrum to the original consideration of what were originally believed to be sporangia along the axes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8308C14FAB7FC0EFD0EFC6D" authority="(Dawson) Hueber" authorityName="Hueber" baseAuthorityName="Dawson" baseAuthorityYear="1871" family="Sawdoniaceae" genus="Sawdonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FAB7FC0EFA42FC6D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Sawdonia ornata</emphasis>
|
||
(Dawson) Hueber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but were later found to be buds/ arrested apices (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FC2AFC44FC3DFC4E" author="Gensel, P. G. & Berry, C. M." box="[988,1289,978,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="618 - 632" refId="ref6278" refString="Gensel, P. G., and Berry, C. M. 2016. Sporangial morphology of the Early Devonian zosterophyll Sawdonia ornata from the type locality (Gaspe). International Journal of Plant Science 177 (7): 618 - 632." type="journal article" year="2016">Gensel and Berry, 2016: 619</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8308C14FAE1FC44FC90FC41" author="Hueber, F. M." box="[1303,1444,978,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="474 - 499" refId="ref6557" refString="Hueber, F. M. 1992. Thoughts on early lycopsids and zosterophylls. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 474 - 499." type="journal article" year="1992">Hueber, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3). We found no fusiform bodies of intermediary size with the large terminal sporangia; instead, they are all broadly the same size. Furthermore, most of the fusiform bodies have narrow subtending axes that clearly differ from the large sporangia, which are sessile. If these fusiform bodies were to grow to a similar size as the terminal sporangia, they would likely have caused the plant to become unstable because they occur on narrow lateral axes and at the end of daughter axes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="56C0D2FDD8308C14FF62F964FBD3F8C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065465/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" startId="3.[148,208,1778,1797]" targetBox="[148,1448,1156,1760]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="02008275D8308C14FF62F964FBD3F8C8" blockId="3.[147,1449,1778,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8308C14FF1FF965F883F8A3" authority="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge, 2022" authorityName="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[233,439,1779,1797]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Taungurungia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garrattii" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8308C14FF1FF965F883F8A3" box="[233,439,1779,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Taungurungia garrattii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF8E31CD8308C14FE4AF965FB76F8A0" box="[444,578,1779,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype: a, part specimen (NMV P257028.1) with lower arrow at K-branching. Terminal ovate sporangia at S1 and S2. At Ax is an axis that goes into the matrix. K- or H-branching at lower arrow; b, counterpart (NMV P257028.2). At upper arrow S3 is poorly preserved sporangium. Lower arrow points the axis curving upwards which is visible in fig. 7c, d close-up after dégagment. The counterpart image is reversed to be in the same orientation as the part; c, line-drawing without small bud/sterile sporangial bodies included. Images a and b were taken by Rodney Start © Museums Victoria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="56C0D2FDD8378C13FF7AF94EFD6EF8C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065467/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" startId="4.[140,200,1752,1771]" targetBox="[250,1330,227,1735]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="02008275D8378C13FF7AF94EFD6EF8C8" blockId="4.[140,1442,1752,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8378C13FF12F94FF886F94D" authority="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge, 2022" authorityName="McSweeney & Shimeta & Buckeridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[228,434,1753,1771]" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Taungurungia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="garrattii" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8378C13FF12F94FF886F94D" box="[228,434,1753,1771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Taungurungia garrattii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2BF8E31CD8378C13FE41F94FFB0BF94A" box="[439,575,1753,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, part specimen NMV P257028.1: a, ovate sporangium pre-dégagement. Left arrow is at apex of poorly preserved sporangium. Right arrows are at two lateral axes close to the base of the sporangium. Close-up of lower axis in fig. 7e; b, post-dégagement, reveals sporangium preserved in relief; c, faint impressions at arrows of fusiform bodies (buds/sterile sporangia) on counterpart. Lower arrow shows a fusiform body attached directly to the axis at the junction with the sporangium; d, dégagement above the sporanium revealed numerous small fusiform bodies (buds/sterile sporangia) at arrows similar to c. Tip of sporangium disintegrated during dégagement, positioning highlighted with dotted line. Image a taken by Rodney Start © Museums Victoria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="02008275D8368C12FCA1FEE1FC3AFD6B" blockId="5.[816,1449,229,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The oblique region of extended vegetation (?K- or H-branching) seen basally is indicative of creeping vegetation, such as that seen with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BFF9F6D8368C12FBE5FE27FC49FE61" authority="Hao (1989: 159)" authorityName="Hao" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1989" box="[1043,1405,433,455]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Discalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longistipia">
|
||
<emphasis id="30CB5E67D8368C12FBE5FE27FDE3FE60" box="[1043,1239,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Discalis longistipia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8368C12FB2BFE27FC49FE61" author="Hao, S. - G." box="[1245,1405,433,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="155 - 171" refId="ref6325" refString="Hao, S. - G. 1989. A new zosterophyll from the Lower Devonian (Siegenian) of Yunnan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 57: 155 - 171." type="journal article" year="1989">Hao (1989: 159)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other zosterophylls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8368C12FBF5FE58FDA4FE42" author="Walton, J." box="[1027,1168,462,484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="155 - 160" refId="ref7474" refString="Walton, J. 1964. On the morphology of Zosterophyllum and other early Devonian plants. Phytomorphology 14: 155 - 160." type="journal article" year="1964">Walton, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Branching frequency and pattern from the emergences could not be determined. The lax appearance of the daughter axes (fig. 7a) could be interpreted as being almost recurved, a similar pattern of growth as circinate axes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8368C12FC8CFDD5FDD7FDFF" author="Lyon, A. G. & Edwards, D." box="[890,1251,578,601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="323 - 332" refId="ref6878" refString="Lyon, A. G., and Edwards, D. 1991. The first zosterophyll from the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert, Aberdeenshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 82: 323 - 332." type="journal article" year="1991">Lyon and Edwards, 1991: 327</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) associated with indeterminate growth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="662EFF84D8368C12FBECFDF6FC20FDD0" author="Niklas, K. J. & Banks, H. P." box="[1050,1300,608,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="274 - 283" refId="ref7123" refString="Niklas, K. J., and Banks, H. P. 1990. A re-evaluation of the Zosterophyllophytina with comments on the origin of lycopods. American Journal of Botany 77 (2): 274 - 283." type="journal article" year="1990">Niklas and Banks, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, we consider this lax appearance to be due to partial wilting because there is no evidence of recurved growth on the smaller axes, which would be expected for this characteristic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |