416 lines
55 KiB
XML
416 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="09F26DFFBE1360E309177C22F02E09DD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239338" ID-ZooBank="515947EC-A9B5-4C44-8925-BBB882944662" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1732799968846" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fadeeva, Natalia P. & Karpova, Alena A." docDate="2024" docId="F65CF147FFB8FFDAFF01FC318C65F986" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5537.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5537 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhynchonema pulchrum Fadeeva & Karpova 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="0A65893FFFBFFFD0FF96FFC78E14FFF3" masterDocTitle="New species of Metadesmolaimus, Rhynchonema and Gairleanema (Nematoda) from the sandy beaches of the Sea of Japan" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1733407467319" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0757BAA0E1AAD9D7773FAB515E267101">
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<mods:title id="DEFB0358D1A5698398A1876FE1F0688F">New species of Metadesmolaimus, Rhynchonema and Gairleanema (Nematoda) from the sandy beaches of the Sea of Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B674914AB37032FFF3897AFE2491570C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="10FE4483EA7D6ACD2C43FE33DB5C78C2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="628B2EE224B178FC7EBEA920F95C1F00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="61750857C40E529368FA7593CD5DA06F">Fadeeva, Natalia P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E92EDB5BC9DF17C303B07A270168EE5F">Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1F44E224DEABF8454528DD2732B35375" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AB2E5B51638E77703D603029FE443C77">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98C3731AB2E409CD55E6DF82EBBA9020">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EC4E3C40D73EAE59C326E2EE94F7072D">Karpova, Alena A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="06A21A3A091D95A09FFC671BC6A62A1D" type="ORCID">0009-0004-4416-8048</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B69FEC6F34FA21679FC4B9E81ADC164F">Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D06C06DA476879CDE525D8EBC43F06F" type="email">lyuney@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9697CF71A6D32BB3186FC9049595F66D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D731B4920D8A3917F6CA958CB48A8F8C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="92A9B2561AAD69DB78DE6718FEA4A12B">
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<mods:date id="E146507B5C1101C6DF9FE4F244F4B2C7">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E187485DE75F0106D246632C52DF037">2024-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="62B2AF2CD3C75A7DF644B55C50FB2055">5537</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BE342B6437E26FFBC8E29D84ED8532D7" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A074683D253B442C69286B7CC39569F4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CD994DE6045EB91153D51297506F6156">115</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3B6596965BDBDF872999CF3BD18C1817">132</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="BBF165ECC4A1E4ED8A3B5C0F38AB4A3C">
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<mods:url id="4AF6910B0250F7AA94DF9AA5F6646960">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="52D214026D391E0EAEB7FA6FEA0F4601">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9C032F840C0DA4A69612B83674B5F525" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E137A645C04E5CCE220BBF96149676B2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5CF34B54CA8073820A97F1EDC60713BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">14239338</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7D1838DCB487D8DD1FCAE04A83966030" type="ZooBank">515947EC-A9B5-4C44-8925-BBB882944662</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F65CF147FFB8FFDAFF01FC318C65F986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB8FFDAFF01FC318C65F986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F65CF147FFB8FFDAFF01FC318C65F986" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
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<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB8FFD7FF01FC318C3EFBE2" box="[151,554,1014,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF01FC318C3EFBE2" blockId="7.[151,554,1014,1077]" box="[151,554,1014,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
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<heading id="2502F73DFFB8FFD7FF01FC318C3EFBE2" bold="true" box="[151,554,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF01FC318C3EFBE2" bold="true" box="[151,554,1014,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
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<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB8FFD7FF01FC318FD2FBE2" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,454,1014,1041]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF01FC318FD2FBE2" bold="true" box="[151,454,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Rhynchonema pulchrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB8FFD7FF01FBDC8F9BFBC6" box="[151,399,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF01FBDC8F9BFBC6" blockId="7.[151,554,1014,1077]" box="[151,399,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB8FFD7FF09FBDC8F3CFBC6" box="[159,296,1050,1077]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[186,1391,196,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@8.[185,1403,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp.nov. Male holotype. A: Entire body; B: Lateral surface view of pharynx region; C: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype; D: Entire body; (Scale bars: A, D—100 μm, B—50 μm; C—20 μm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239346" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14239346/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Figures 4–5</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="337775EAFFB8FFD7FEA5FBDC8F90FBC6" box="[307,388,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,332,356]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometries (µm) of Metadesmolaimus inni sp. nov. and. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. (L, total body length; a, body length/maximum body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; V %, V/total body length; max. body diam, maximum body diameter; hbd, head body diameter; cbd, cloacal body diameter for males; abd, anal body diameter for females." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A8A10D9FFBCFFD3FF01FE8B8C0AFE23" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" tableUuid="2A8A10D9FFBCFFD3FF01FE8B8C0AFE23">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB8FFD7FF01FBA48D25FA8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF01FBA48AA5FAC2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1122,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
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<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF01FBA48F56FB8F" bold="true" box="[151,322,1122,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB8FFD7FED0FBA48CC9FB8E" box="[326,733,1122,1149]" collectingDate="2017-05-21" collectionCode="MN" elevation="0" location="Vostok Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="MN 21052017" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sea of Japan" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB8FFD7FED0FBA48FBAFB8E" box="[326,430,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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adult male (
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<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB8FFD7FDA7FBA48CC3FB8E" box="[561,727,1122,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">MN 21052017</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB8FFD7FD74FBA48B1AFB8E" box="[738,1294,1122,1149]" collectingDate="2017-05-21" collectionCode="MN" elevation="0" location="Vostok Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="MN 130722, MN 210517" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Sea of Japan" typeStatus="paratype">
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and
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<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB8FFD7FC99FBA48D7EFB8E" box="[783,874,1123,1149]" count="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="male">six male</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB8FFD7FCF9FBA48DCEFB8E" box="[879,986,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB8FFD7FC70FBA48A64FB8E" box="[998,1136,1123,1149]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">MN 130722</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB8FFD7FBEEFBA48B16FB8E" box="[1144,1282,1122,1149]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">MN 210517</specimenCode>
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),
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB8FFD7FA84FBA48C65FAFE" collectingDate="2017-05-21" collectionCode="MN" elevation="0" location="Vostok Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="MN 130722, MN 210517" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Sea of Japan" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB8FFD7FA84FBA48B88FB8E" box="[1298,1436,1123,1149]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB8FFD7FF09FB408F3FFB52" box="[159,299,1159,1185]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">MN 130722</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB8FFD7FEA3FB408FD4FB52" box="[309,448,1158,1185]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">MN 210517</specimenCode>
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), formalin-fixed, mounted on slides, in glycerin, deposited in the nematode collections of the Division of Biological Sciences, Zoological Museum of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
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<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF51FB088F73FB1B" bold="true" box="[199,359,1230,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Type locality.</emphasis>
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Holotype (MN 21052017) was all collected from intertidal fine sandy sediments,
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<elevation id="F5D8A762FFB8FFD7FA82FB088B6AFB1A" box="[1300,1406,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">0.4 depth</elevation>
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in
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<location id="7B2A168AFFB8FFD7FF01FB348F08FAFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB8FFDAFF01FC318C65F986:7B2A168AFFB8FFD7FF01FB348F08FAFE" box="[151,284,1267,1293]" country="Russia" county="Vladivostok" municipality="Zoological Museum of Far Eastern Federal University" name="Vostok Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sea of Japan">Vostok Bay</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="BC318EB3FFB8FFD7FEBDFB348FD5FAFE" box="[299,449,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Sea of Japan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<date id="0A4B6691FFB8FFD7FE59FB348C7AFAFE" box="[463,622,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" value="2017-05-21">
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<collectingDate id="1A0F9F79FFB8FFD7FE59FB348C7AFAFE" box="[463,622,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" value="2017-05-21">21 May 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB8FFD7FDEDFB348CE3FAFE" box="[635,759,1267,1293]" count="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="male">Five males</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB8FFD7FC94FB348D76FAFE" box="[770,866,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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and
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<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB8FFD7FC08FB348A08FAFE" box="[926,1052,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB8FFD7FBB0FB348A92FAFE" box="[1062,1158,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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were all collected from intertidal fine sandy sediments,
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<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB8FFD7FE6AFAD08C97FAC2" box="[508,643,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4 to 0.5 m</quantity>
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depth in
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<collectingMunicipality id="9E2EDA2BFFB8FFD7FD7DFAD08D79FAC2" box="[747,877,1303,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Vostok Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="972B38DDFFB8FFD7FCEFFAD08DB5FAC2" box="[889,929,1303,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Sea</collectingCounty>
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||
of
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<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB8FFD7FC50FAD08A1DFAC2" box="[966,1033,1303,1329]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="0A4B6691FFB8FFD7FB82FAD08ABAFAC2" box="[1044,1198,1303,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" value="2017-05-21">
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||
<collectingDate id="1A0F9F79FFB8FFD7FB82FAD08ABAFAC2" box="[1044,1198,1303,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" value="2017-05-21">21 May 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
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||
.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF51FAFD8D25FA8A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1122,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF51FAFD8FBDFAA7" bold="true" box="[199,425,1338,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Additional locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB8FFD7FE3BFAFC8D39FA8A" collectingDate="2022-07-13" collectionCode="MN" country="Japan" county="Sea" elevation="0" location="sandbar Nazimova" municipality="Primorsky Krai" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="MN 130722" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sea of Japan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB8FFD7FE3BFAFC8C03FAA6" box="[429,535,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB8FFD7FDDCFAFC8CCAFAA6" box="[586,734,1339,1365]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB8FFD7FD75FAFC8D5AFAA6" box="[739,846,1339,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB8FFD7FCCDFAFC8DF1FAA6" box="[859,997,1339,1365]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">MN 130722</specimenCode>
|
||
) intertidal fine sand
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<elevation id="F5D8A762FFB8FFD7FB53FAFC8B28FAA6" box="[1221,1340,1339,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">0.30 depth</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7B2A168AFFB8FFD7FAD3FAFC8F19FA8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB8FFDAFF01FC318C65F986:7B2A168AFFB8FFD7FAD3FAFC8F19FA8A" country="Japan" county="Sea" municipality="Primorsky Krai" name="sandbar Nazimova" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sea of Japan">sandbar Nazimova</location>
|
||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="9E2EDA2BFFB8FFD7FE8EFA988FDDFA8A" box="[280,457,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Primorsky Krai</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC318EB3FFB8FFD7FE6BFA988C9AFA8A" box="[509,654,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Sea of Japan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="0A4B6691FFB8FFD7FD0EFA988D39FA8A" box="[664,813,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" value="2022-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1A0F9F79FFB8FFD7FD0EFA988D39FA8A" box="[664,813,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" value="2022-07-13">13 July 2022</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB8FFD7FF51FA448AADFA6E" box="[199,1209,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF51FA448AADFA6E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1122,1437]" box="[199,1209,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF51FA448F5AFA6E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet is derived from the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB8FFD7FCC6FA448DA7FA6E" authorityName="Liang, Guo & Wang" authorityYear="2024" box="[848,947,1411,1437]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FCCAFA448DA7FA6E" box="[860,947,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, meaning “beautiful”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB8FFDAFF01FA298FB1FDEA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF01FA298F27F9FB" blockId="7.[151,307,1518,1544]" box="[151,307,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF01FA298F27F9FB" bold="true" box="[151,307,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Descriptions</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF01F9F08AC3F912" blockId="7.[151,1437,1591,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB8FFD7FF01F9F08EF2F9A2" bold="true" box="[151,230,1591,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Males.</emphasis>
|
||
Body slender and tapering anterior to the amphideal fovea. Anterior region from the level of the amphideal fovea is elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB8FFD7FEE7F99C8FFDF986" box="[369,489,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cuticle is coarsely striated (annuli 2 μm large). Annuli are anteriorly orientated in the anterior region, and posteriorly in the posterior region of the body; inversion point of the annuli at 48–51 % of the body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB8FFD7FEE4F9648C36F94E" box="[370,546,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1391,196,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[185,1403,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp.nov. Male holotype. A: Entire body; B: Lateral surface view of pharynx region; C: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype; D: Entire body; (Scale bars: A, D—100 μm, B—50 μm; C—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239346/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Figures 4A, 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB8FFD7FDB8F9658C44F94E" box="[558,592,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labial sensilla not visible in light microscopy. Six cephalic setae, 2–3 μm long. Somatic setae 5–10 μm long distributed, not arranged in pairs, over the entire body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF51F92C8D28F8BE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1591,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
|
||
The oval-shaped amphideal fovea comprise 65–67 % of the corresponding body diameter, occupying a width of 3–4 annuli and situated at the end of the pharyngostome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB8FFD7FCD0F8C88DA9F8DA" box="[838,957,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). From the anterior end of the body to the anterior edge of the amphideal fovea there are 37–38 annuli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB8FFD7FF51F8908F17F84A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1591,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Cheilostome about 4–5 μm long, unarmed, pharyngostome slightly enlarged at its base; small, oval cardia protrudes slightly into the cylindrical intestine. Nerve-ring difficult to distinguish, and excretory pore not observed (
|
||
<tableCitation id="337775EAFFB8FFD7FF09F8588EE6F84A" box="[159,242,1951,1977]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,332,356]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometries (µm) of Metadesmolaimus inni sp. nov. and. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. (L, total body length; a, body length/maximum body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; V %, V/total body length; max. body diam, maximum body diameter; hbd, head body diameter; cbd, cloacal body diameter for males; abd, anal body diameter for females." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A8A10D9FFBCFFD3FF01FE8B8C0AFE23" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" tableUuid="2A8A10D9FFBCFFD3FF01FE8B8C0AFE23">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB7FFD8FF01F8508AF1F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239346/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" startId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[186,1391,196,1904]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB7FFD8FF01F8508AF1F827" blockId="8.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB7FFD8FF01F8508C36F85C" bold="true" box="[151,546,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">
|
||
FIGURE 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB7FFD8FE8AF8508C36F85C" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,546,1943,1967]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB7FFD8FE8AF8508C36F85C" bold="true" box="[284,546,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">Rhynchonema pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.nov. Male holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB7FFD8FC8BF8508D3BF85C" bold="true" box="[797,815,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Entire body;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB7FFD8FC52F85F8DC1F843" bold="true" box="[964,981,1944,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Lateral surface view of pharynx region;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB7FFD8FA15F8508B81F85C" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">C</emphasis>
|
||
: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB7FFD8FDBBF87B8C2BF827" bold="true" box="[557,575,1980,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">D</emphasis>
|
||
: Entire body; (Scale bars: A, D—100 μm, B—50 μm; C—20 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB6FFD9FF01F8508AC0F80B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" startId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB6FFD9FF01F8508AC0F80B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FF01F8508C60F843" bold="true" box="[151,628,1943,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
|
||
FIGURE 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB6FFD9FE8FF8508C0AF85C" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,542,1943,1967]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FE8FF8508C0AF85C" bold="true" box="[281,542,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Rhynchonema pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Micrographs of paratypes. Male.
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FC5DF8508DC9F85C" bold="true" box="[971,989,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Entire body;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FBF8F8508A94F85C" bold="true" box="[1134,1152,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">C</emphasis>
|
||
: Head region;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FA80F85F8B33F843" bold="true" box="[1302,1319,1944,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">E</emphasis>
|
||
: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FD4DF87B8CFBF827" bold="true" box="[731,751,1980,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">H</emphasis>
|
||
: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FA12F87B8B81F827" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,1980,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Entire body;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FE8DF8278F39F80B" bold="true" box="[283,301,2016,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">D</emphasis>
|
||
: Head region;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FE53F8278FC0F80B" bold="true" box="[453,468,2016,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">F</emphasis>
|
||
: Vulva;
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB6FFD9FDBDF8188C2BF804" bold="true" box="[555,575,2015,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">G</emphasis>
|
||
: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FF508C79FEB2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Reproductive system diorchic with two opposed testes, the anterior testis to the left, the posterior one to the right of the intestine. Spicules symmetrical, ventrally curved, cephalated, 1.2 times cloacal body diameter long. Gubernaculum well developed, dorsally oriented, about one-third of spicules length; its anterior most part surrounding the distal part of the spicules and the paddle-like apophysis measuring 6–8 μm long. Annuli slightly inflated at the level of cloaca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFE7CFEE08C75FEB2" box="[490,609,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1391,196,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[185,1403,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp.nov. Male holotype. A: Entire body; B: Lateral surface view of pharynx region; C: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype; D: Entire body; (Scale bars: A, D—100 μm, B—50 μm; C—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239346/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FE8C8B41FE96" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" box="[199,1365,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Tail conical, ventrally curved, end not annulated; 3.4–4.2 times cloacal body diameter long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFB46FE8C8B5CFE96" box="[1232,1352,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Figure 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FEA88FB1FDEA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF51FEA88F24FE7A" bold="true" box="[199,304,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Females.</emphasis>
|
||
Entire body size, shape, structure and measurements of various body parts, except for female specific characters, similar to males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFE4BFE548C4BFE5E" box="[477,607,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1391,196,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[185,1403,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp.nov. Male holotype. A: Entire body; B: Lateral surface view of pharynx region; C: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype; D: Entire body; (Scale bars: A, D—100 μm, B—50 μm; C—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239346/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Figures 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFDFAFE558C9BFE5E" box="[620,655,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Amphideal fovea сircular, smaller than those in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFA81FE548B9BFE5E" box="[1303,1423,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female genital system monodelphic, prodelphic and outstretched; transverse vulva, covered by a thin cuticle flap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFF09FE1C8F06FE06" box="[159,274,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Figure 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail similar in shape in both sexes, short, conoid, terminus sclerotized, ventrally curved, 4 abd (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB5FFDAFAC7FE1C8EA9FDEA" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[177,1410,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema pulchrum sp. nov. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; C: Head region; E: The arrow indicates the area of change in the directionof annules; H: Lateral view of tail region and copulatory apparatus; Female. B: Entire body; D: Head region; F: Vulva; G: Tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm, C, D, E, F, G—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239348/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Figure 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail setae not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB5FFDAFF51FDE58C65F986" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FDE58A72FD02" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF51FDE58F2EFDCF" bold="true" box="[199,314,546,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFED8FDE48C70FDCE" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[334,612,547,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFED8FDE48C70FDCE" box="[334,612,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Rhynchonema pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFDE7FDE48CC5FDCE" bold="true" box="[625,721,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is characterized by having 478–629 µm long body, sharply tapering in the anterior end, covered with somatic setae. Cuticle strongly annulated. Inversion point at 48–51 % of the body length; 37–38 annuli in males,
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFD0CFDAC8CC3FD76" box="[666,727,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="34.0">34 in</quantity>
|
||
females from the anterior end to the edge of the amphideal fovea end. Amphideal fovea oval, larger in males than in females (сircular), situated at the level of the end of the pharyngostome. Transverse vulva, covered by a thin cuticle flap. Spicules are equal in size, curved; with proximal capitulum; gubernaculum with paddle-like apophysis, annuli of cloacal region inflated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FD3D8FAFFC56" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF51FD3D8FD8FCE7" bold="true" box="[199,460,762,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFE44FD3C8CF5FCE6" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[466,737,763,789]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE44FD3C8CF5FCE6" box="[466,737,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Rhynchonema pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD71FD3C8D2BFCE6" bold="true" box="[743,831,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from all known congeneric species in having a combination of the following features: sexual dimorphism on the number of annulations from the anterior end to the anterior edge of the amphideal fovea (
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFC82FC848D6CFCAE" box="[788,888,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.525" metricValueMax="9.652" metricValueMin="9.398" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="37.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="37.0">37–38 in</quantity>
|
||
males and
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFC60FC848A3BFCAE" box="[1014,1071,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="34.0">34 in</quantity>
|
||
females); amphideal fovea form and size (oval in males
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE0DFCA08FA6FC73" box="[411,434,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
сircular in females); large cephalated spicules, gubernaculum with paddle-like apophysis, inflated precloacal annuli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FC688F84FBAA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFD9FFC688D63FC3A" authority="Aryuthaka, 1989" authorityName="Aryuthaka" authorityYear="1989" box="[521,887,943,969]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amakusanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD9FFC688CAEFC3A" box="[521,698,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. amakusanum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB5FFDAFD2BFC688D63FC3A" author="Aryuthaka, C." box="[701,887,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref6976" refString="Aryuthaka, C. (1989) Two new species of the genus Rhynchonema (Nematoda, Xyalidae) from Amakusa, South Japan. Hydrobiologia, 171, 3 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00005719" type="journal article" year="1989">Aryuthaka, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFC3FFC688ACCFC3A" authority="Lorenzen, 1975" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[937,1240,942,969]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ornatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC3FFC688A31FC3B" box="[937,1061,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. ornatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB5FFDAFBBCFC688ACCFC3A" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[1066,1240,942,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref8432" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1975) Rhynchonema - Arten (Nematodes, Monhysteridae) aus Sudamerika und Europa. Mikrofauna Meeresboden, 55, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1975">Lorenzen, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the possession of sexual dimorphism in the shape of amphideal fovea, lacking two rows of lateral longitudinal ridges in the cuticle and the number of annulations from the anterior end to the anterior edge of the amphideal fovea (37–38
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFA8AFC308B27FBE3" box="[1308,1331,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFAACFC308B88FBE2" box="[1338,1436,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" metricValueMax="7.112" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="27.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="26.0">26–28 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFF01FBDC8F5EFBC6" authorityName="Aryuthaka" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,330,1051,1077]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amakusanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF01FBDC8F5EFBC6" box="[151,330,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. amakusanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE17FBDC8F8CFBC7" box="[385,408,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFE09FBDC8FCCFBC6" box="[415,472,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="33.0">33 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFE49FBDC8C49FBC7" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[479,605,1051,1076]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ornatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE49FBDC8C49FBC7" box="[479,605,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. ornatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The new species also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFC60FBDC8A60FBC7" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[1014,1140,1051,1076]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ornatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC60FBDC8A60FBC7" box="[1014,1140,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. ornatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the size of the spicules (26–28 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE8FFBF88F24FBAB" box="[281,304,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
22 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FBA48C98FB36" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFED9FBA48C6EFB8E" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[335,634,1122,1149]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevituba">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFED9FBA48FC2FB8E" box="[335,470,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. brevituba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB5FFDAFE4AFBA48C6EFB8E" author="Gerlach, S. A." box="[476,634,1122,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" pagination="517 - 640" refId="ref7605" refString="Gerlach, S. A. (1953) Die Nematodenbesiedlung des Sandstrandes und des Kustengrudwassers an der italienischen Kuste. I. Systematicher teil. Archivio Zoologico Italiano, 37, 517 - 640." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFCAFFBA48DD6FB8E" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[825,962,1123,1149]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFCAFFBA48DD6FB8E" box="[825,962,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC5EFBA48A34FB8E" bold="true" box="[968,1056,1123,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
in many measurements but differs in having shorter spicules (22
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE7EFB408FEBFB53" box="[488,511,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
26–28 μm), shorter pharyngostome (27–33 μm long
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFBC4FB408A7DFB53" box="[1106,1129,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
58–64 μm); presence of 18
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF01FB6C8EBAFB37" box="[151,174,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
37–38 annuli anterior to amphideal fovea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FB088DEFFA17" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFF51FB088C55FB1A" authority="Boucher, 1974" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1974" box="[199,577,1231,1257]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="megamphidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF51FB088F9BFB1A" box="[199,399,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. megamphidum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB5FFDAFE0CFB088C55FB1A" author="Boucher, G." box="[410,577,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" pagination="447 - 463" refId="ref7079" refString="Boucher, G. (1974) Six especes nouvelles du genre Rhynchonema (Rhynchonematinae - Nematoda). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, XV, 447 - 463." type="book chapter" year="1974">Boucher, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the new species in body length and tail shape, but it differs from the new species in amphideal fovea (more than 100 % of the corresponding diameter wide vs 65–67 % in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFF01FAD08F30FAC2" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,292,1303,1329]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFF01FAD08F30FAC2" box="[151,292,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFEBBFAD08F9DFAC2" bold="true" box="[301,393,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
), spicules shape (short arcuate vs curved with proximal capitulum) and size (16–22 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFA13FAD08B88FAC3" box="[1413,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
26–28μm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFEB1FAFC8FA5FAA6" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[295,433,1339,1365]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFEB1FAFC8FA5FAA6" box="[295,433,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE2FFAFC8C07FAA6" bold="true" box="[441,531,1339,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
), in having gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis and inversion point just behind the half of the body. The new species also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFD7DFA988A3AFA8A" authority="Lorenzen, 1975" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[747,1070,1374,1401]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chiloense">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD7DFA988D60FA8A" box="[747,884,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. chiloense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB5FFDAFCEDFA988A3AFA8A" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[891,1070,1374,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref8432" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1975) Rhynchonema - Arten (Nematodes, Monhysteridae) aus Sudamerika und Europa. Mikrofauna Meeresboden, 55, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1975">Lorenzen, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nonetheless both species can be easily separated by their body length (478–629 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFD62FA448D6AFA6E" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[756,894,1411,1437]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD62FA448D6AFA6E" box="[756,894,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC10FA448DCBFA6E" bold="true" box="[902,991,1411,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC70FA448DE9FA6F" box="[998,1021,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
400–430 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFB20FA448B2BFA6E" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[1206,1343,1411,1437]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chiloense">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFB20FA448B2BFA6E" box="[1206,1343,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. chiloense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), length of pharyngostome (58–64 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFD9EFA608C86FA32" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[520,658,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD9EFA608C86FA32" box="[520,658,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD0FFA608CE7FA32" bold="true" box="[665,755,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD6CFA608D05FA33" box="[762,785,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
38–45 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFC38FA608A23FA32" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[942,1079,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chiloense">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC38FA608A23FA32" box="[942,1079,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. chiloense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and number of annulli anterior to amphideal fovea (
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFEEBFA0C8FF5FA16" box="[381,481,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.525" metricValueMax="9.652" metricValueMin="9.398" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="37.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="37.0">37–38 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFE7EFA0C8C66FA16" authorityName="Fadeeva & Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[488,626,1483,1509]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE7EFA0C8C66FA16" box="[488,626,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFDEFFA0C8CC7FA16" bold="true" box="[633,723,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD4CFA0C8CE5FA17" box="[730,753,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB5FFDAFD6EFA0D8D4FFA16" box="[760,859,1482,1509]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.3716" metricValueMin="1.1684" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="50.0" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="46.0">46–54 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFCF4FA0C8DFFFA16" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1975" box="[866,1003,1483,1509]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chiloense">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFCF4FA0C8DFFFA16" box="[866,1003,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. chiloense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB5FFDAFF51FA288C65F986" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFD9AFA288DD7F9FA" authority="Bezerra, Smol & Vincx, 2014" authorityName="Bezerra, Smol & Vincx" authorityYear="2014" box="[524,963,1519,1545]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cemae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD9AFA288C66F9FB" box="[524,626,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. cemae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB5FFDAFDEBFA288DD7F9FA" author="Bezerra, T. N. & Smol, N. & Vincx, M." box="[637,963,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" pagination="343 - 365" refId="ref7020" refString="Bezerra, T. N., Smol, N. & Vincx, M. (2014) Two new species of Rhynchonema Cobb, 1920 from a Brazilian sandy beach. Marine Biodiversity, 44, 343 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 014 - 0223 - 6" type="journal article" year="2014">Bezerra, Smol & Vincx, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by symmetrical, ventrally curved spicules, with a globular capitulum, 26–34 μm long
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFD16F9D48C83F9DF" box="[640,663,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
asymmetrical spicules (right spicule 23–33 μm long, left 23–31 μm long). It also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB5FFDAFE28F9F08C32F9A3" authorityName="Bezerra, Smol & Vincx" authorityYear="2014" box="[446,550,1591,1616]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cemae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE28F9F08C32F9A3" box="[446,550,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">R. cemae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger amphideal fovea (4.4–7 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFC4FF9F08DE4F9A3" box="[985,1008,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
6–7 μm) located more posterior from the anterior end (43–46 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB5FFDAFE46F99C8FF3F987" box="[464,487,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
36–44 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |