661 lines
89 KiB
XML
661 lines
89 KiB
XML
<document id="F5F0CACD0700A1DE1FB364896C81BF6E" ID-CLB-Dataset="3899" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5057.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f50ca0f-843f-494f-aff8-defcc449ad44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5705482" ID-ZooBank="4074E652-255A-44E9-B837-5CB26745D06F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634714061645" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sithole, Yonela, Heemstra, Elaine & Mwale, Monica" docDate="2021" docId="F651DA1CFFD3A56257BCFC26E6DB4097" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5057.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5057 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="0A68A264FFD0A564572BFFE3E63A475A" masterDocTitle="Revalidation and redescription of Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist, 1904 (Perciformes: Serranidae) with a new distribution record" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1699460442245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5024E40FE9680B6701DAF1D5C0DC060E">Revalidation and redescription of Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist, 1904 (Perciformes: Serranidae) with a new distribution record</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="392BD5FF409728F85770206718DAE305">Sithole, Yonela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7232B701DC25A02E4D598E9B677BE7B">Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140. & National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4306D651AB90D58F68085E01429322F7">Heemstra, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19787F7AB204F6DBF075C750DD4DA4D3">National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140. & e. heemstra @ saiab. nrf. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5871 - 6990</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="254B661F1E81565754B500D716A93335">Mwale, Monica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56FF639384F17EED6D197700F9260731">National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140. & South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), National Zoological Gardens, P. O. Box 754, Pretoria, South Africa 0001. m. mwale @ sanbi. org. za; https: // orcid. org / 000 - 0003 - 2180 - 8917</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="F651DA1CFFD3A56257BCFC26E6DB4097" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705488" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189313330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5705488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F651DA1CFFD3A56257BCFC26E6DB4097" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F651DA1CFFD3A56257BCFC26E6DB4097" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD3A56757BCFC26E7D44359" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757BCFC26E45A4485" blockId="3.[151,608,964,1064]" box="[151,608,964,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<heading id="250FDC66FFD3A56757BCFC26E45A4485" bold="true" box="[151,608,964,991]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD3A56757BCFC26E45A4485" ID-CoL="4WX3N" authority="Gilchrist, 1904" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,608,964,991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
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<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757BCFC26E45A4485" bold="true" box="[151,608,964,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757BCFC26E79A4485" bold="true" box="[151,416,964,991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A567568CFC26E45A4485" author="Gilchrist, J. D. F." box="[423,608,965,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref9427" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1904) Description of new South African fishes. Marine investigation in South Africa, 3, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1904">Gilchrist, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757BCFC0AE7D44359" blockId="3.[151,608,964,1064]" box="[151,494,1001,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">English name: African seabass</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD3A56757BCFBEEE79E4372" box="[151,420,1037,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757BCFBEEE79E4372" blockId="3.[151,608,964,1064]" box="[151,420,1037,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD3A56757BCFBEEE725437D" box="[151,287,1037,1063]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1424,633,1912]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,417,1042]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1423,185,1581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-233@4.[164,1424,633,1912]" captionTargetId-1="figure-88@5.[152,1436,417,1044]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1585]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Serranus knysnaensis (a) Underwater picture from Umhlanga Ruby Snow (29°44’ S, 31°15’ E), Photograph by Ryan Palmer (DST/NRF/ACEP Spatial Solutions Project), and (b) in preservation (SAIAB 17159, 64.9 mm SL, Tsitsikamma, South Africa)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. New distribution records of S. knysnaensis (a) north of Durban, uThukela Banks, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Allan D. Connell (NRF-SAIAB). (b) Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Christo van Jaarsveld. (c) SAIAB 207782, 105.1 mm SL, off Lagoa Polela, Inhambane Province, Mozambique, Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim (IMR). (d) SAIAB 189784, 82.0−92.0 mm SL, Sud-Ouest Cap Andavaka, southwestern Madagascar, photograph by Martyn Lee (AV2010)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. A maximum likelihood tree based on 92 COI mtDNA sequences (597 bp) of 17 Serranus species based on the General Time Reversible model. All sequences were downloaded from BOLD and GenBank (Table 1). The bottom scale bar represents branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Study species clusters are also highlighted: Serranus cabrilla (SC), S. knysnaensis (SK) and S. novemcinctus (SN)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705486" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705490" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705492" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5705486/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5705490/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5705492/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD3A5675601FBEEE79E4372" box="[298,420,1037,1064]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStart-3="TABLE 4" captionStart-4="TABLE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,239,440,464]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,239,699,725]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,239,557,583]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1407,263,652]" captionTargetBox-4="[165,2019,670,1490]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="TABLE 1. List of mtDNA COI sequences of Serranus knysnaensis, S. cabrilla, S. novemcinctus and other additional Serranus species downloaded from GenBank & BOLD (see accession numbers) with localities. Accession numbers in bold represent tissue samples derived from voucher specimens that were examined morphologically." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Frequency distribution of the number of circumpeduncular scales, the number of lower limb and total gill rakers (both including rudiments) for specimens of Serranus cabrilla (SC), S. knysnaensis (SK), and S. novemcinctus (SN)." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Minimum and maximum proportional measurements (expressed as percentage of Standard length) for Serranus cabrilla, S. knysnaensis and S. novemcinctus." captionText-3="TABLE 4. The genetic distance estimated using the Kimura 2-parameter model from the number of base substitutions per site from averaging over all sequence pairs between species (below diagonal) and standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. Values were estimated in MEGA7." captionText-4="TABLE 5. Summary statistics reported by the species delimitation plugin for mtDNA COI gene in each putative species using pairwise interspecific genetic distances between Serranus species (distances between S. cabrilla, S. knysnaensis and S. novemcinctus are highlighted in bold). The barcoding gap analysis results for two relative interspecific gap" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD2A56657BCFE5BE2FD4542" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD8A56C57BCFF74E4404789" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFDBA56F57BCFD58E39345A3" httpUri-4="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFDCA56857BCFDCEE50145D5" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" tableUuid-0="2A873B82FFD2A56657BCFE5BE2FD4542" tableUuid-1="2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" tableUuid-2="2A873B82FFD8A56C57BCFF74E4404789" tableUuid-3="2A873B82FFDBA56F57BCFD58E39345A3" tableUuid-4="2A873B82FFDCA56857BCFDCEE50145D5">Tables 1–5</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD3A56757BCFBB1E4E54259" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757BCFBB1E5FF43FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1105,1283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EE84C24FFD3A56757BCFBB1E5FF43FD" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitation id="FF594D1BFFD3A56757BCFBB1E4094333" author="Gilchrist, J. D. F." box="[151,563,1105,1129]" page="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" year="1904">
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<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD3A56757BCFBB1E4094333" ID-CoL="4WX3N" authority="Gilchrist 1904: 2" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,563,1105,1129]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
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<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757BCFBB1E74C4333" box="[151,374,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A5675654FBB2E4094333" author="Gilchrist, J. D. F." box="[383,563,1105,1129]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref9427" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1904) Description of new South African fishes. Marine investigation in South Africa, 3, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1904">Gilchrist 1904: 2</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Pl. 19 (Knysna,
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<collectingRegion id="BC3CA5E8FFD3A56755DAFBB2E5B64333" box="[753,908,1105,1129]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD3A56754B2FBB2E2194333" box="[921,1059,1105,1129]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="FF594D1BFFD3A567531CFBB2E2D34333" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1079,1257,1105,1129]" page="193" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A567531CFBB2E2D34333" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1079,1257,1105,1129]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" refId="ref10470" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949) The Sea fishes of Southern Africa. Central News Agency, Johannesburg, 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">Smith 1949: 193</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Fig. 427 (
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<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD3A567524BFBB2E73743D2" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="FF594D1BFFD3A5675636FB93E45143D2" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E." box="[285,619,1136,1160]" page="174" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A5675636FB93E45143D2" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E." box="[285,619,1136,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" refId="ref9613" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. SAIAB and NISC (Pty) Ltd, Grahamstown, xxiv + 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra & Heemstra 2004: 174</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(unnumb. painting;
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<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD3A5675411FB93E5FA43D2" box="[826,960,1136,1160]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A56754FBFB93E2A543D2" author="King, D. & Fraser, V." box="[976,1183,1136,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" refId="ref9990" refString="King, D. & Fraser, V. (2014) The Reef Guide: Fishes, Corals, Nudibranchs and other Vertebrates of East and South Coasts of Southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 360 pp." type="book" year="2014">King & Fraser 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: (unnumb. photograph p. 69; endemic, from False Bay in
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<collectingRegion id="BC3CA5E8FFD3A5675527FB6CE4A343FD" box="[524,665,1167,1191]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
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to northern
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<collectingRegion id="BC3CA5E8FFD3A567543DFB6CE58043FD" box="[790,954,1167,1191]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757BCFB4DE4E54259" blockId="3.[151,1437,1105,1283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD3A56757BCFB4DE772439F" ID-CoL="4WWXZ" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,328,1197,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
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<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757BCFB4DE772439F" box="[151,328,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Serranus cabrilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in part):
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A5675686FB4EE49E439F" author="Smith, J. L. B. & Smith, M. M." box="[429,676,1197,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" refId="ref10497" refString="Smith, J. L. B. & Smith, M. M. (1966) Fishes of the Tsitsikama Coastal National Park. Swan Press Ltd, Johannesburg, 161 pp." type="book" year="1966">Smith & Smith 1966: 88</bibRefCitation>
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(painting 429; Atlantic species from Mediterranean southwards, colonising
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<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD3A56757ECFB2FE77643BE" box="[199,332,1228,1252]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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to Natal);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD3A56756E8FB2FE53443BE" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Randall, J. E." box="[451,782,1228,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" pagination="509 - 537" refId="ref9648" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Randall, J. E. (1986) Family Serranidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (eds), Smiths' Sea Fishes. MacMillan, Johannesburg, pp. 509 - 537." type="book chapter" year="1986">Heemstra & Randall 1986: 536</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Fig. 166.76, Pl. 45; Mediterranean, eastern Atlantic, English Channel to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD3A5675617FB08E7854259" box="[316,447,1259,1283]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and round coast to Durban)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD3A56757BCFAD2E4F5411D" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757BCFAD2E23142C9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1329,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757BCFAD2E7284211" bold="true" box="[151,274,1329,1355]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal-fin X, 14–15; pectoral-fin rays 15–16; gill rakers 6–8+12–15 (18–22 total); circumpeduncular scales 26–34; lateral-line scales 67–76; scales from dorsal fin to lateral line 9–12; scales from the anal-fin origin to lateral line 22–26. Caudal fin emarginate. Scales small, ctenoid and deciduous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757ECFA7EE4F5411D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1329,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Body elongate, not much compressed; body depth less than head length, about
|
||
<quantity id="B900C6EFFFD3A5675310FA7EE29642ED" box="[1083,1196,1437,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.525" metricValueMax="10.668" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" unit="in" value="3.75" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.2 in</quantity>
|
||
SL; head length
|
||
<quantity id="B900C6EFFFD3A5675240FA7EE6E24281" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" unit="in" value="2.7" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.5">2.5– 2.9 in</quantity>
|
||
SL. Maxilla extending to below middle of the eye; jaws subequal; lower jaw projecting; opercle with three flat spines. Eye diameter greater than interorbital length and less than snout length, eye diameter contained
|
||
<quantity id="B900C6EFFFD3A5675211FA06E6974179" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8829" metricValueMax="3.3274" metricValueMin="2.4384" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" unit="in" value="11.35" valueMax="13.1" valueMin="9.6">9.6–13.1 in</quantity>
|
||
SL. Snout, interorbital and maxilla naked. Pectoral fin originates before dorsal fin and slightly before the pelvic fin. Distal tip of pectoral fin before anal-fin origin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD3A56057ECF9B2E562453B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757ECF9B2E25541A1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1329,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757ECF9B2E7634131" bold="true" box="[199,345,1617,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Proportional measurements are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD3A567543EF9B2E5524131" box="[789,872,1617,1643]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Minimum and maximum proportional measurements (expressed as percentage of Standard length) for Serranus cabrilla, S. knysnaensis and S. novemcinctus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD8A56C57BCFF74E4404789" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="2A873B82FFD8A56C57BCFF74E4404789">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body elongate; dorsal fin continuous, with spinous membrane moderately incised between spines, becoming less incised posteriorly; dorsal-fin spines graduated, but with first two spines noticeably shorter, and ninth and tenth spines subequal; soft-rayed portion of fin higher than spinous part. First anal-fin spine shortest; second anal-fin spine thicker than others. Anterior lateral-line tubes with ascending branch. Peduncle longer than deep. Patch of small teeth on vomer and palate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56757ECF8E6E7A840D1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1329,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Preopercle margin serrate with more developed spines near the angle. Snout and interorbital naked; preopercle, opercle, operculum and postorbital scaly; chest and belly scaly; snout to eye naked. Lateral line complete, arching slightly from upper end of gill cavity and following body outline to caudal peduncle where it becomes horizontal; lateral line with pores.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD3A56057ECF876E54E46AF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1329,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD3A56757ECF876E7FA40F4" bold="true" box="[199,448,1940,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Fresh color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD3A5675675F877E78B40F4" box="[350,433,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,633,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-233@4.[164,1424,633,1912]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serranus knysnaensis (a) Underwater picture from Umhlanga Ruby Snow (29°44’ S, 31°15’ E), Photograph by Ryan Palmer (DST/NRF/ACEP Spatial Solutions Project), and (b) in preservation (SAIAB 17159, 64.9 mm SL, Tsitsikamma, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705486/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head and body light (pale) to yellowish brown dorsally, pale pinkish to white ventrally. Head with three yellow to bronze stripes, two below and one behind eye, the lowest stripe from just behind maxilla to preopercle, the second stripe from below anterior of eye to subopercle and occasionally, the pectoral-fin base, the upper stripe from rear ventral part of eye to opercular margin near upper pectoral-fin base; posterior bony ridge of the orbit yellow. Body with two irregular usually darker brown to yellowish-brown longitudinal bands of subequal width (~2/3 eye diameter), or with lower band slightly narrower, the upper band from either side joining on premaxilla and running from snout tip through eye to upper caudal-fin base, with narrow white border (<pupil diameter) above and subequal white band below; lower brown band from pectoral-fin base; around nine faint to dark brown bars may overlay the dark body bands, and which may be reduced to poorly defined dark vertical blotches along the dorsolateral part of the body. Dorsal fin with outer triangular part of interspinous membrane white, remainder of fin hyaline yellowish to pale brownish with midlateral whitish stripe or irregular whitish streaks midlaterally, and pale blue spots on soft dorsal fin. Caudal fin hyaline whitish with pale blue spots and caudal-fin lobe tips deep yellow to orange. Tips of dorsal-fin spines whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD4A56057ECFE1DE562453B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD4A56057ECFE1DE4014542" bold="true" box="[199,571,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Color in preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD4A56056FDFE1DE4164542" box="[470,556,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,633,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-233@4.[164,1424,633,1912]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serranus knysnaensis (a) Underwater picture from Umhlanga Ruby Snow (29°44’ S, 31°15’ E), Photograph by Ryan Palmer (DST/NRF/ACEP Spatial Solutions Project), and (b) in preservation (SAIAB 17159, 64.9 mm SL, Tsitsikamma, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705486/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens often lose color almost completely in preservation. Two irregular dark, longitudinal bands from head to caudal-fin base, and dark stripes below and behind the eye visible in some specimens.
|
||
<typeStatus id="A143D5A8FFD4A5605631FDA4E7B8453B" box="[282,386,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
uniformly dark brown, no visible pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2A873B82FFD4A56057BCF86CE71240AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5705486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705486/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" startId="4.[151,250,1935,1959]" targetBox="[164,1424,633,1912]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD4A56057BCF86CE71240AA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1935,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD4A56057BCF86CE73540FD" bold="true" box="[151,271,1935,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD4A5605636F873E7C040F2" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[285,506,1936,1960]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD4A5605636F873E7C040F2" box="[285,506,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a) Underwater picture from Umhlanga Ruby Snow (29°44’ S, 31°15’ E), Photograph by Ryan Palmer (DST/NRF/ACEP Spatial Solutions Project), and (b) in preservation (SAIAB 17159, 64.9 mm SL, Tsitsikamma, South Africa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD5A56157ECFF75E3B940FE" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157ECFF75E4A54647" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56157ECFF75E75B47EA" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A5615647FF74E45847EB" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[364,610,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A5615647FF74E45847EB" box="[364,610,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the southwestern Indian Ocean from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD5A56153B3FF74E31147EB" box="[1176,1323,151,177]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Knysna,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC3CA5E8FFD5A56157BCFF58E70C478F" box="[151,310,187,213]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
, rarely southwards) and northwards to Bazaruto, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD5A56154E0FF58E259478F" box="[971,1123,187,213]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
. New records from north of Durban (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD5A56157D0FF3CE77647A3" box="[251,332,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,417,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[152,1436,417,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. New distribution records of S. knysnaensis (a) north of Durban, uThukela Banks, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Allan D. Connell (NRF-SAIAB). (b) Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Christo van Jaarsveld. (c) SAIAB 207782, 105.1 mm SL, off Lagoa Polela, Inhambane Province, Mozambique, Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim (IMR). (d) SAIAB 189784, 82.0−92.0 mm SL, Sud-Ouest Cap Andavaka, southwestern Madagascar, photograph by Martyn Lee (AV2010)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705490/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
, Umhlanga; SAIAB 193652, uThukela [formerly Tugela] Banks;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD5A5615304FF3CE2B847A3" box="[1071,1154,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,417,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[152,1436,417,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. New distribution records of S. knysnaensis (a) north of Durban, uThukela Banks, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Allan D. Connell (NRF-SAIAB). (b) Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Christo van Jaarsveld. (c) SAIAB 207782, 105.1 mm SL, off Lagoa Polela, Inhambane Province, Mozambique, Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim (IMR). (d) SAIAB 189784, 82.0−92.0 mm SL, Sud-Ouest Cap Andavaka, southwestern Madagascar, photograph by Martyn Lee (AV2010)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705490/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
, Sodwana Bay by C. van Jaarsveld sourced from Fishwise Professional:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157ECFEC4E31C461B" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,393]" box="[199,1318,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
https://www.fishwisepro.com/pictures/default?Sid=34346&Info=%27
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56154F3FEC4E206461B" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[984,1084,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Serranus</taxonomicName>
|
||
%20knysnaensis%27
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157ECFEA8E73346D3" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
As well as from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD5A56156A8FEA8E42D463F" box="[387,535,331,357]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD5A5615564FEA8E4EC463F" box="[591,726,331,357]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Material examined, also
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD5A5615302FEA8E2E2463C" box="[1065,1240,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,417,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[152,1436,417,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. New distribution records of S. knysnaensis (a) north of Durban, uThukela Banks, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Allan D. Connell (NRF-SAIAB). (b) Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Christo van Jaarsveld. (c) SAIAB 207782, 105.1 mm SL, off Lagoa Polela, Inhambane Province, Mozambique, Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim (IMR). (d) SAIAB 189784, 82.0−92.0 mm SL, Sud-Ouest Cap Andavaka, southwestern Madagascar, photograph by Martyn Lee (AV2010)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705490/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Figs. 2c and 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
)), are reported in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2A873B82FFD5A56157BCFBC8E36643EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5705490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705490/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" startId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" targetBox="[152,1436,417,1042]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157BCFBC8E36643EA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1067,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56157BCFBC8E72E431E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1067,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
New distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A5615510FBCFE4F7431E" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[571,717,1068,1092]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A5615510FBCFE4F7431E" box="[571,717,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a) north of Durban, uThukela Banks, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Allan D. Connell (NRF-SAIAB). (b) Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, photograph by Christo van Jaarsveld. (c) SAIAB 207782, 105.1 mm SL, off Lagoa Polela, Inhambane Province, Mozambique, Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim (IMR). (d) SAIAB 189784, 82.0−92.0 mm SL, Sud-Ouest Cap Andavaka, southwestern Madagascar, photograph by Martyn Lee (AV2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157ECFB3DE5B74166" blockId="5.[151,1437,1246,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56157ECFB3DE4F143A2" bold="true" box="[199,715,1246,1272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Species delimitation with DNA barcoding.</emphasis>
|
||
The pairwise genetic distances (
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD5A5615360FB3DE29F43A2" box="[1099,1189,1246,1272]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,239,699,725]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 4. The genetic distance estimated using the Kimura 2-parameter model from the number of base substitutions per site from averaging over all sequence pairs between species (below diagonal) and standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. Values were estimated in MEGA7." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFDBA56F57BCFD58E39345A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="2A873B82FFDBA56F57BCFD58E39345A3">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) of the COI mtDNA sequences for all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A561564DFAE1E41D4246" box="[358,551,1282,1308]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A561564DFAE1E7F14246" box="[358,459,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Serranus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the K2P model ranged from 1.60% to 25.30%. The pairwise genetic distance (
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD5A5615628FAC5E763421A" box="[259,345,1318,1344]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,239,699,725]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 4. The genetic distance estimated using the Kimura 2-parameter model from the number of base substitutions per site from averaging over all sequence pairs between species (below diagonal) and standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. Values were estimated in MEGA7." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFDBA56F57BCFD58E39345A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="2A873B82FFDBA56F57BCFD58E39345A3">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) between COI mtDNA sequences for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A5615420FAC5E594421A" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[779,942,1318,1344]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A5615420FAC5E594421A" box="[779,942,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD5A56154DEFAC5E2BF421A" box="[1013,1157,1318,1344]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A5615396FAC5E30E421A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1213,1332,1318,1344]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A5615396FAC5E30E421A" box="[1213,1332,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea was low at 1.60%. Although, this was among the lowest genetic distances between the analysed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56156A5FA8DE47542D2" box="[398,591,1390,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56156A5FA8DE7C942D2" box="[398,499,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Serranus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it was comparable to that between two distinct species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56153E0FA8DE34542D2" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1864" box="[1227,1407,1390,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56153E0FA8DE34542D2" box="[1227,1407,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56157BCFA71E73142F6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,267,1426,1452]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56157BCFA71E73142F6" box="[151,267,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.61%), and lower than the genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A561544EFA71E23C42F6" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[869,1030,1426,1452]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A561544EFA71E23C42F6" box="[869,1030,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A5615312FA71E2D642F6" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1864" box="[1081,1260,1426,1452]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A5615312FA71E2D642F6" box="[1081,1260,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.99%). These divergence estimates were also comparable to the COI sequence divergence reported between other serranid species (e.g
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD5A56157E0FA39E76F42AE" author="Victor, B. C." box="[203,341,1498,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10681" refString="Victor, B. C. (2012) Hypoplectrus floridae n. sp. and Hypoplectrus ecosur n. sp., two new Barred Hamlets from the Gulf of Mexico (Pisces: Serranidae): more than 3 % different in COI mtDNA sequence from the Caribbean Hypoplectrus species flock. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 5, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2012">Victor 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD5A5615649FA39E47842AE" author="Vella, A. & Vella, N." box="[354,578,1498,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="66 - 77" refId="ref10624" refString="Vella, A. & Vella, N. (2016) Genetic barcoding and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Serranidae species from Maltese coastal waters, with a perspective on their Mediterranean phylogeography. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1, 66 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.28978 / nesciences. 286369" type="journal article" year="2016">Vella & Vella 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD5A5615565FA39E51742AE" author="Iswarya, D. V. & Kandula, S. & Khedkar, G. D." box="[590,813,1498,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="659 - 663" refId="ref9800" refString="Iswarya, D. V., Kandula, S. & Khedkar, G. D. (2018) DNA barcoding of five species of groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) off Visakhapatnam, central eastern coast of India. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 29, 659 - 663. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 24701394.2017.1339188" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Iswarya
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A561559BFA38E4DE42AE" box="[688,740,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and other marine fish species (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD5A56153FAFA39E6EE4142" author="Uiblein, F. & Gouws, G." pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="655 - 681" refId="ref10570" refString="Uiblein, F. & Gouws, G. (2014) A new goatfish species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on molecular and morphological screening and subsequent taxonomic analysis. Marine Biology Research, 10, 655 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2013.850515" type="journal article" year="2014">Uiblein & Gouws 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, K2P genetic distance more than 1% for the COI gene is considered as a threshold of species delimitation for marine fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD5A56156D9F9C1E44C4166" author="Avise, J. C." box="[498,630,1570,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="ref9250" refString="Avise, J. C. (2000) Phylogeography: the History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 447 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctv 1 nzfgj 7" type="book" year="2000">Avise 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD5A56155AAF9C1E5BB4166" author="Zhang, J. & Hanner, R." box="[641,897,1570,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="31 - 42" refId="ref10748" refString="Zhang, J. & Hanner, R. (2011) DNA barcoding is a useful tool for the identification of marine fishes from Japan. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39, 31 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2010.12.017" type="journal article" year="2011">Zhang & Hanner 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157ECF9A5E76B4197" blockId="5.[151,1437,1246,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
The maximum likelihood tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6C3778FFFD5A561550AF9A5E458413A" box="[545,610,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,185,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A maximum likelihood tree based on 92 COI mtDNA sequences (597 bp) of 17 Serranus species based on the General Time Reversible model. All sequences were downloaded from BOLD and GenBank (Table 1). The bottom scale bar represents branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Study species clusters are also highlighted: Serranus cabrilla (SC), S. knysnaensis (SK) and S. novemcinctus (SN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5705492/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) based on 92 COI mtDNA sequences of 18 species including the outgroup (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A561578AF989E7FE41DE" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[161,452,1642,1668]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A561578AF989E7FE41DE" box="[161,452,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">Cephalopholis nigripinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) recovered monophyletic clusters corresponding to all species including the WIO species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A561578AF96DE77941F2" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[161,323,1678,1704]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A561578AF96DE77941F2" box="[161,323,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A5615651F96DE41441F2" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1864" box="[378,558,1678,1704]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A5615651F96DE41441F2" box="[378,558,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). All these three clades were strongly supported as monophyletic groups with bootstrap>75%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD5A56157ECF935E3B940FE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1246,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56157DCF935E7AD41AA" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[247,407,1750,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56157DCF935E7AD41AA" box="[247,407,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56156E3F935E40141AA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[456,571,1750,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56156E3F935E40141AA" box="[456,571,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clusters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD5A561558AF935E4C941AB" box="[673,755,1750,1777]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,239,557,583]" captionTargetBox="[165,2019,670,1490]" captionText="TABLE 5. Summary statistics reported by the species delimitation plugin for mtDNA COI gene in each putative species using pairwise interspecific genetic distances between Serranus species (distances between S. cabrilla, S. knysnaensis and S. novemcinctus are highlighted in bold). The barcoding gap analysis results for two relative interspecific gap" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFDCA56857BCFDCEE50145D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="2A873B82FFDCA56857BCFDCEE50145D5">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) had the highest Intra/Inter ratios (0.28 and 0.38 respectively), suggesting that the divergence within these lineages was high relative to the divergence with their closest species. The small values (<0.03) observed among the other 15 species comparisons indicate that intraspecific differences are small relative to interspecific and the nearest species, although it is important to note the low sample sizes (See
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD5A56157BCF885E6D140DA" box="[151,235,1894,1920]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,440,464]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. List of mtDNA COI sequences of Serranus knysnaensis, S. cabrilla, S. novemcinctus and other additional Serranus species downloaded from GenBank & BOLD (see accession numbers) with localities. Accession numbers in bold represent tissue samples derived from voucher specimens that were examined morphologically." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD2A56657BCFE5BE2FD4542" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="2A873B82FFD2A56657BCFE5BE2FD4542">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The three species form monophyletic clusters although the phylogenetic relationships among them are unresolved using this gene dataset. There was also evidence of possible genetic substructuring in
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD5A56153F1F869E3B940FE" box="[1242,1411,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD5A56153F1F869E34540FE" authorityName="Gilchrist" authorityYear="1904" box="[1242,1407,1930,1956]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">S. knysnaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" ID-Table-UUID="2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" startId="6.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1407,263,652]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56257BCFF74E73647F5" bold="true" box="[151,268,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Frequency distribution of the number of circumpeduncular scales, the number of lower limb and total gill rakers (both including rudiments) for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56255E6FF58E5F24789" authority="(SC)" baseAuthorityName="SC" box="[717,968,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56255E6FF58E5B04789" box="[717,906,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Serranus cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
(SC)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56254FEFF58E28B4789" authority="(SK)" baseAuthorityName="SK" box="[981,1201,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56254FEFF58E2484789" box="[981,1138,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
(SK)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56253C5FF58E6F447AD" authority="(SN)" baseAuthorityName="SN" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56253C5FF58E3A64789" box="[1262,1436,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
(SN)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD6A562578DFEE4E40845D6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<table id="0CF899AAFFD65A9B578DFEE4E34545D6" box="[166,1407,263,652]" gridcols="14" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFEE4E3454645" box="[166,1407,263,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFEE4E79E4645" box="[166,420,263,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Meristic trait</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFEE4E4084645" box="[453,562,263,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B555CFEE4E4AA4645" box="[631,656,263,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">12</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B5590FEE4E4EE4645" box="[699,724,263,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">13</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B542BFEE4E5234645" box="[768,793,263,287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">14</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B546FFEE4E5674645" box="[836,861,263,287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">15</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B54A3FEE4E59B4645" box="[904,929,263,287]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">16</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B54E7FEE4E5DF4645" box="[972,997,263,287]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">18</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B533AFEE4E2104645" box="[1041,1066,263,287]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">19</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B537EFEE4E2544645" box="[1109,1134,263,287]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">20</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B53B2FEE4E2884645" box="[1177,1202,263,287]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56253B2FEE4E2884645" bold="true" box="[1177,1202,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">21</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B53F5FEE4E2CD4645" box="[1246,1271,263,287]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56253F5FEE4E2CD4645" bold="true" box="[1246,1271,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">22</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B5209FEE4E3014645" box="[1314,1339,263,287]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625209FEE4E3014645" bold="true" box="[1314,1339,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">23</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B524DFEE4E3454645" box="[1382,1407,263,287]" gridcol="13" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562524DFEE4E3454645" bold="true" box="[1382,1407,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">24</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFED1E3454610" box="[166,1407,306,330]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFED1E79E4610" box="[166,420,306,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Circumpeduncular scales</th>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFED1E4084610" box="[453,562,306,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SC (n=18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFEB8E3454629" box="[166,1407,347,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFEB8E3454629" box="[166,1407,347,371]" colspan="14" colspanRight="13" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SK (n=38)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFE60E34546C1" box="[166,1407,387,411]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFE60E34546C1" box="[166,1407,387,411]" colspan="14" colspanRight="13" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SN (n=16)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFE48E3454699" box="[166,1407,427,451]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFE48E79E4699" box="[166,420,427,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Lower limb gill rakers</th>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFE48E4084699" box="[453,562,427,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SC (n=18)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B542BFE48E5234699" box="[768,793,427,451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">1</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B546FFE48E5674699" box="[836,861,427,451]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">8</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B54A3FE48E59B4699" box="[904,929,427,451]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFE30E34546B1" box="[166,1407,467,491]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFE30E40846B1" box="[453,562,467,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SK (n=42)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B555CFE30E4AA46B1" box="[631,656,467,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">2</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B5590FE30E4EE46B1" box="[699,724,467,491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">18</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B542BFE30E52346B1" box="[768,793,467,491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">17</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B546FFE30E56746B1" box="[836,861,467,491]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFE18E345454E" box="[166,1407,507,532]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFE18E408454E" box="[453,562,507,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SN (n=16)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53B2FE18E288454E" box="[1177,1202,507,532]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">4</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53F5FE18E2CD454E" box="[1246,1271,507,532]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">8</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B5209FE18E301454E" box="[1314,1339,507,532]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">3</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B524DFE18E345454E" box="[1382,1407,507,532]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFDC0E3454566" box="[166,1407,547,572]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFDC0E79E4566" box="[166,420,547,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Total gill rakers</th>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFDC0E4084566" box="[453,562,547,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SC (n=18)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53F5FDC0E2CD4566" box="[1246,1271,547,572]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">5</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B5209FDC0E3014566" box="[1314,1339,547,572]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">7</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B524DFDC0E3454566" box="[1382,1407,547,572]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFDAFE345453E" box="[166,1407,588,612]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56EEFDAFE408453E" box="[453,562,588,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SK (n=42)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B54E7FDAFE5DF453E" box="[972,997,588,612]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">2</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B533AFDAFE210453E" box="[1041,1066,588,612]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">5</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B537EFDAFE254453E" box="[1109,1134,588,612]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">12</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53B2FDAFE288453E" box="[1177,1202,588,612]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">14</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53F5FDAFE2CD453E" box="[1246,1271,588,612]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFD97E34545D6" box="[166,1407,628,652]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFD97E34545D6" box="[166,1407,628,652]" colspan="14" colspanRight="13" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SN (n=16)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFD5EE7A1458F" box="[151,411,701,725]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" startId="6.[151,239,701,725]" targetBox="[166,1400,741,1131]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD6A56257BCFD5EE7A1458F" blockId="6.[151,411,701,725]" box="[151,411,701,725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">TABLE 2. (Continued)</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD6A562578DFD05E2EB4331" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<table id="0CF899AAFFD65A9B578DFD06E3424331" box="[166,1400,741,1131]" gridcols="12" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFD06E34245A4" box="[166,1400,741,766]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFD06E7A545A4" box="[166,415,741,766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Meristic trait</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FD06E47D45A4" box="[475,583,741,766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B558EFD06E48445A4" box="[677,702,741,766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562558EFD06E48445A7" bold="true" box="[677,702,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">26</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B55D9FD06E53145A4" box="[754,779,741,766]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56255D9FD06E53145A7" bold="true" box="[754,779,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">28</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B546BFD06E56345A4" box="[832,857,741,766]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562546BFD06E56345A7" bold="true" box="[832,857,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">30</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B54A6FD06E59C45A4" box="[909,934,741,766]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56254A6FD06E59C45A7" bold="true" box="[909,934,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">31</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B54F0FD06E5CE45A4" box="[987,1012,741,766]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56254F0FD06E5CE45A7" bold="true" box="[987,1012,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">32</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B5303FD06E27B45A4" box="[1064,1089,741,766]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625303FD06E27B45A7" bold="true" box="[1064,1089,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">33</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B535DFD06E2B545A4" box="[1142,1167,741,766]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562535DFD06E2B545A7" bold="true" box="[1142,1167,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">34</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B53EFFD06E2E745A4" box="[1220,1245,741,766]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56253EFFD06E2E745A7" bold="true" box="[1220,1245,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">35</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B523AFD06E31045A4" box="[1297,1322,741,766]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562523AFD06E31045A7" bold="true" box="[1297,1322,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">36</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B5274FD06E34245A4" box="[1375,1400,741,766]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625274FD06E34245A7" bold="true" box="[1375,1400,741,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">38</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFCF2E3424473" box="[166,1400,785,809]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFCF2E7A54473" box="[166,415,785,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">circumpeduncular scales</th>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FCF2E47D4473" box="[475,583,785,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SC (n=18)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B535DFCF2E2B54473" box="[1142,1167,785,809]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">7</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B523AFCF2E3104473" box="[1297,1322,785,809]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">10</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B5274FCF2E3424473" box="[1375,1400,785,809]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFCDAE342440B" box="[166,1400,825,849]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FCDAE47D440B" box="[475,583,825,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SK (n=38)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B558EFCDAE484440B" box="[677,702,825,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">7</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B55D9FCDAE531440B" box="[754,779,825,849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">6</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B546BFCDAE563440B" box="[832,857,825,849]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">13</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B54F0FCDAE5CE440B" box="[987,1012,825,849]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">4</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B535DFCDAE2B5440B" box="[1142,1167,825,849]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFC82E3424423" box="[166,1400,865,889]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FC82E47D4423" box="[475,583,865,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SN (n=16)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B535DFC82E2B54423" box="[1142,1167,865,889]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">10</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53EFFC82E2E74423" box="[1220,1245,865,889]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">3</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B523AFC82E3104423" box="[1297,1322,865,889]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFC6AE34244FB" box="[166,1400,905,929]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFC6AE7A544FB" box="[166,415,905,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Lower limb gill rakers</th>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FC6AE47D44FB" box="[475,583,905,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SC (n=18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFC51E3424490" box="[166,1400,946,970]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFC51E3424490" box="[166,1400,946,970]" colspan="12" colspanRight="11" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SK (n=42)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFC39E34244A8" box="[166,1400,986,1010]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFC39E34244A8" box="[166,1400,986,1010]" colspan="12" colspanRight="11" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SN (n=16)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFBE1E3424340" box="[166,1400,1026,1050]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFBE1E7A54340" box="[166,415,1026,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Total gill rakers</th>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FBE1E47D4340" box="[475,583,1026,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SC (n=18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFBC9E3424318" box="[166,1400,1066,1090]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<th id="83190034FFD65A9B578DFBC9E3424318" box="[166,1400,1066,1090]" colspan="12" colspanRight="11" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SK (n=42)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0C86948FFD65A9B578DFBB1E3424331" box="[166,1400,1106,1131]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B56F0FBB1E47D4331" box="[475,583,1106,1131]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">SN (n=16)</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B54A6FBB1E59C4331" box="[909,934,1106,1131]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">3</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B54F0FBB1E5CE4331" box="[987,1012,1106,1131]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">4</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B5303FBB1E27B4331" box="[1064,1089,1106,1131]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">6</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B535DFBB1E2B54331" box="[1142,1167,1106,1131]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">1</td>
|
||
<td id="83190034FFD65A9B53EFFBB1E2E74331" box="[1220,1245,1106,1131]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36E23881FFD6A56257ECFB79E6DB4097" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD6A56257ECFB79E35541AE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1178,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56257ECFB79E70743EE" bold="true" box="[199,317,1178,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625660FB79E47943EE" box="[331,579,1178,1204]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625660FB79E47943EE" box="[331,579,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625323FB79E2F643EE" box="[1032,1228,1178,1204]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625323FB79E25743EE" box="[1032,1133,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Serranus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the SWIO,
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56252ACFB79E70C4382" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56252ACFB79E7084382" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">S. novemcinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by having 12–15 lower limb gill rakers (versus 21–23) and 26–34 circumpeduncular scales (versus 34–36) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD6A56257DFFB01E77043A6" box="[244,330,1250,1276]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[166,1407,263,652]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency distribution of the number of circumpeduncular scales, the number of lower limb and total gill rakers (both including rudiments) for specimens of Serranus cabrilla (SC), S. knysnaensis (SK), and S. novemcinctus (SN)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" tableUuid="2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625675FB01E47543A6" box="[350,591,1250,1276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625675FB01E47543A6" box="[350,591,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625439FB01E5FF43A6" box="[786,965,1250,1277]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625439FB01E51A43A6" box="[786,800,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625406FB00E5FF43A6" box="[813,965,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by two dark prominent longitudinal bands and is endemic to southern Africa while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625548FAE5E522427A" box="[611,792,1286,1313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625548FAE5E44B427A" box="[611,625,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56255ABFAE4E522427A" box="[640,792,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has nine dark vertical bars dorsally on the body and it is distributed in Amsterdam and St. Paul Islands, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD6A56255CAFAC9E550421E" box="[737,874,1322,1348]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A562545DFAC9E250421E" box="[886,1130,1322,1348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562545DFAC9E250421E" box="[886,1130,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Serranus knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625229FAC9E342421E" box="[1282,1400,1322,1348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625229FAC9E342421E" box="[1282,1400,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having 26–34 circumpeduncular scales (versus 34–38) and 18–22 total gill rakers (versus 22–24) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="337A5EB1FFD6A562522AFAADE3614232" box="[1281,1371,1358,1384]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[166,1407,263,652]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency distribution of the number of circumpeduncular scales, the number of lower limb and total gill rakers (both including rudiments) for specimens of Serranus cabrilla (SC), S. knysnaensis (SK), and S. novemcinctus (SN)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" tableUuid="2A873B82FFD6A56257BCFF74E6E847AD">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625664FA91E7C842D6" box="[335,498,1394,1420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625664FA91E7C842D6" box="[335,498,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A562543DFA91E5B642D6" box="[790,908,1394,1420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562543DFA91E5B642D6" box="[790,908,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625322FA91E29742D6" box="[1033,1197,1394,1420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625322FA91E29742D6" box="[1033,1197,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by two dark prominent longitudinal bands, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56255CCFA75E56742EA" box="[743,861,1430,1456]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56255CCFA75E56742EA" box="[743,861,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two or three longitudinal bands often partially broken into dark blotches. The two species also have different distribution range;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A562537CFA59E2C7428E" box="[1111,1277,1466,1492]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562537CFA59E2C7428E" box="[1111,1277,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a southern African endemic from Knysna to Bazaruto, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD6A56255C7FA3DE5BA42A2" box="[748,896,1502,1528]" name="Mozambique" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD6A562549CFA3DE27A42A2" box="[951,1088,1502,1528]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with rare waifs reported south of Knysna to False Bay.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A562569AF9E1E4424146" box="[433,632,1538,1564]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A562569AF9E1E4424146" box="[433,632,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Serranus cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the British Isles to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD6A562532CF9E1E2664146" box="[1031,1116,1538,1564]" name="Angola" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD6A5625664F9C5E460411A" box="[335,602,1574,1600]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">São Tomé and Príncipe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06EF2B9AFFD6A56255BCF9C5E523411A" box="[663,793,1574,1600]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands, also through Mediterranean and Black Sea, and in the Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A5625664F9A9E4AE413E" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E." box="[335,660,1610,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref9613" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. SAIAB and NISC (Pty) Ltd, Grahamstown, xxiv + 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra & Heemstra 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A562558BF9A8E5D9413E" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Anderson, W. D." box="[672,995,1610,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="2365 - 2413" refId="ref9517" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Anderson, W. D. (2016) Serranidae. Groupers (seabasses, hinds, creolefish, combers, anthiines, soapfish). In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. 4. Bony Fishes. Part 2 (Perciformes to Tetraodontiformes) and sea turtles. FAO species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 2365 - 2413." type="book chapter" year="2016">Heemstra & Anderson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A56254DBF9A8E2C4413E" author="Iwamoto, T. & Wirtz, P." box="[1008,1278,1610,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref9863" refString="Iwamoto, T. & Wirtz, P. (2018) A synopsis of the Eastern and Central Atlantic combers of the genus Serranus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Serranidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 65, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2018">Iwamoto & Wirtz 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A5625239F9A8E76F41D2" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E." pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref9613" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. SAIAB and NISC (Pty) Ltd, Grahamstown, xxiv + 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra & Heemstra (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56256FAF98DE44E41D2" box="[465,628,1646,1672]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56256FAF98DE44E41D2" box="[465,628,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a mainly rocky bottom species occurring in depths of
|
||
<quantity id="B900C6EFFFD6A56253D4F98DE35F41D3" box="[1279,1381,1646,1673]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.01" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" unit="m" value="100.5" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="1.0">1–200 m</quantity>
|
||
, it is also often found at the mouth of estuaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A562555AF971E56441F7" author="Smith, J. L. B. & Smith, M. M." box="[625,862,1682,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref10497" refString="Smith, J. L. B. & Smith, M. M. (1966) Fishes of the Tsitsikama Coastal National Park. Swan Press Ltd, Johannesburg, 161 pp." type="book" year="1966">Smith & Smith 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56254F2F971E27741F6" box="[985,1101,1682,1708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56254F2F971E27741F6" box="[985,1101,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported over rocky as well as soft bottom, from shore to
|
||
<quantity id="B900C6EFFFD6A56256C4F955E402418B" box="[495,568,1718,1745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A5625563F955E5B4418A" author="Heemstra, P. C. & Anderson, W. D." box="[584,910,1718,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="2365 - 2413" refId="ref9517" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Anderson, W. D. (2016) Serranidae. Groupers (seabasses, hinds, creolefish, combers, anthiines, soapfish). In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. 4. Bony Fishes. Part 2 (Perciformes to Tetraodontiformes) and sea turtles. FAO species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 2365 - 2413." type="book chapter" year="2016">Heemstra & Anderson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A6916FBFFD6A56254B0F954E291418A" author="Iwamoto, T. & Wirtz, P." box="[923,1195,1718,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref9863" refString="Iwamoto, T. & Wirtz, P. (2018) A synopsis of the Eastern and Central Atlantic combers of the genus Serranus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Serranidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 65, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2018">Iwamoto & Wirtz 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56252ACF955E72741AE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56252ACF955E72741AE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56256D8F939E49D41AE" box="[499,679,1754,1780]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56256D8F939E49D41AE" box="[499,679,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56255F5F939E56941AE" box="[734,851,1754,1780]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56255F5F939E56941AE" box="[734,851,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 1.99 to 1.60% genetic distance, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E476B0AFFD6A56257ECF91DE6DB4097" blockId="6.[151,1437,1178,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Based on differences in the morphological characters, distribution and genetic data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56253A3F91DE3164042" box="[1160,1324,1790,1816]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56253A3F91DE3164042" box="[1160,1324,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a valid species distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56256A1F8C1E43B4066" box="[394,513,1826,1852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56256A1F8C1E43B4066" box="[394,513,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and South African records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625473F8C1E5F44066" box="[856,974,1826,1852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625473F8C1E5F44066" box="[856,974,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56253DAF8C1E3AF4066" box="[1265,1429,1826,1852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56253DAF8C1E3AF4066" box="[1265,1429,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Available genetic data, from the two WIO species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56255F8F8A5E54F403A" box="[723,885,1862,1888]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56255F8F8A5E54F403A" box="[723,885,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. knysnaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A5625481F8A5E25A403A" box="[938,1120,1862,1888]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novemcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A5625481F8A5E25A403A" box="[938,1120,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. novemcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shows that they are closely related to each other, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9F81089FFD6A56256D4F889E44C40DE" box="[511,630,1898,1924]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C8CB718FFD6A56256D4F889E44C40DE" box="[511,630,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">S. cabrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The low genetic diversity (approx. 1.60%) was significant, suggesting that these lineages could represent ecomorphs or lineages that have only recently diverged (speciated) in this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |