766 lines
100 KiB
XML
766 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1670/20-142" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877165" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1682707504112" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Scarsbrook, Lachie, Walton, Kerry, Rawlence, Nicolas J. & Hitchmough, Rodney A." docDate="2023" docId="830B8E2CE5617146AFB3FB7D75ACFBB9" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHerpetol.55.4.385-395.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Herpetology 10 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7542114" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55072EE3B1C90D1F2334E9D3FE399900.1:JourHerpetol.2019-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="55072EE3B1C90D1F2334E9D3FE399900" docStyleName="JourHerpetol.2019-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Selvasaura almendarizae Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="395" masterDocId="7F32F654E563714CAC59FFBA7757FFE0" masterDocTitle="Hoplodactylus tohu Scarsbrook & amp; Walton & amp; Rawlence & amp; Hitchmough 2023, n. sp." masterLastPageNumber="395" masterPageNumber="385" pageNumber="385" updateTime="1683037613462" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Hoplodactylus tohu Scarsbrook & amp; Walton & amp; Rawlence & amp; Hitchmough 2023, n. sp.</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Scarsbrook, Lachie</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Walton, Kerry</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rawlence, Nicolas J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hitchmough, Rodney A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Journal of Herpetology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-01-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>10</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>385</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>395</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7542114</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
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||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1670/20-142</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7877165</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:830B8E2CE5617146AFB3FB7D75ACFBB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/830B8E2CE5617146AFB3FB7D75ACFBB9" lastPageId="10" pageId="2">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1002,1348,1223,1245]" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[1002,1348,1223,1245]" box="[1002,1348,1223,1245]" pageId="2">
|
||
<heading box="[1002,1348,1223,1245]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8SKD9" authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[1002,1257,1223,1245]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1002,1257,1223,1245]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
SelƲasaura
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1114,1257,1223,1245]" italics="true" pageId="2">almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1265,1348,1224,1245]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1128,1221,1253,1275]" pageId="2" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1505,1253,1392]" box="[1128,1221,1253,1275]" pageId="2">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1128,1221,1253,1275]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStart-6="FIG" captionStartId-0="2.[864,876,1031,1050]" captionStartId-1="3.[146,158,1239,1258]" captionStartId-2="4.[146,158,1185,1204]" captionStartId-3="5.[146,158,900,919]" captionStartId-4="5.[864,876,1162,1181]" captionStartId-5="6.[146,158,1014,1033]" captionStartId-6="6.[146,158,1938,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[842,1507,160,1003]" captionTargetBox-1="[124,787,160,1210]" captionTargetBox-2="[130,1501,159,1158]" captionTargetBox-3="[123,793,159,873]" captionTargetBox-4="[840,1510,159,1134]" captionTargetBox-5="[199,1432,161,986]" captionTargetBox-6="[123,793,1530,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure-818@2.[842,1508,159,1003]" captionTargetId-1="figure-775@3.[124,790,159,1211]" captionTargetId-2="figure-377@4.[130,1501,159,1158]" captionTargetId-3="figure-551@5.[123,793,159,873]" captionTargetId-4="figure-500@5.[840,1510,159,1134]" captionTargetId-5="figure-397@6.[199,1432,161,986]" captionTargetId-6="figure-367@6.[123,793,1530,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="6" captionText-0="FIG. 1. Holotype (QCAZ 12798; SVL = 39.54 mm) of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by J. Carrión." captionText-1="FIG. 2. Head of the holotype (QCAZ 12798) of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. Individual scales were traced for clarity. Photographs by J. Carrión." captionText-2="FIG. 3. Skull of the holotype of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 12798) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C) ventral, (D) anterior, and (E) posterior views. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; ecp, ectopterygoid; epp, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; os, orbitosphenoid; otoc, otoccipital; pa, parietal; pbas, parabasisphenoid; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, prootic; porb, postorbital; posf, postfrontal; pref, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; sm, septomaxilla; soc, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; sta, stapes; sut, supratemporal; v, vomer. Images by C. Koch. Scale bars correspond to left and right images, respectively." captionText-3="FIG. 4. Skull of the holotype of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 12798) in ventral view after sequential removal of (A) maxillae, pterygoids, quadrates, parabasisphenoid, and basioccipital; and (B) vomers, palatines, jugals, ectopterygoids, orbitosphenoids, epipterygoids, otoccipitals, prootics, and stapes. Abbreviations are the same as those in Fig. 3. Images by C. Koch." captionText-4="FIG. 5. Mandible of the holotype of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 12798) in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral, and (D) medial views. Abbreviations: an, angular; arpre, articular/prearticular complex (fused with surangular); co, coronoid; d, dentary; rp, retroarticular process; san, surangular; sp, splenial. Images by C. Koch." captionText-5="FIG. 6. Specimens of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in life. (A, B) paratype QCAZ 9140, SVL = 39.73 mm; (C, D) uncollected specimens from Bigal River Biological Reserve, Napo Province (see map in Fig. 9). Photographs by S. R. Ron (A, B), A. Anker (C), and T. Garcia (D)." captionText-6="FIG. 7. Hemipenis of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 5073, paratype) in sulcate (left), lateral (middle), and asulcate (right) views. Photographs by P. M. S. Nunes." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877167" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877170" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877172" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877174" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877176" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877178" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877180" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7877167/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7877170/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7877172/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7877174/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7877176/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7877178/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7877180/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1505,1253,1392]" box="[840,1418,1288,1310]" pageId="2">
|
||
Unnamed clade 3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O. & S. E. LOBOS & P. J. VENEGAS & G. CHAVEZ & V. AGUIRRE-PENAFIEL & D. ZURITA & L. Y. ECHEVARRIA" box="[1041,1325,1288,1310]" pageId="2" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref11262" refString="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O., S. E. LOBOS, P. J. VENEGAS, G. CHAVEZ, V. AGUIRRE-PENAFIEL, D. ZURITA, AND L. Y. ECHEVARRIA. 2016. Phylogeny and biogeography of the most diverse clade of South American gymnophthalmid lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99: 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2016">Torres-Carvajal et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1505,1253,1392]" box="[840,1304,1315,1337]" pageId="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[840,982,1315,1337]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,944,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORAVEC, J. & J. SMID & J. STUNDL & E. LEHR" box="[997,1212,1315,1337]" pageId="2" pagination="105 - 139" refId="ref10534" refString="MORAVEC, J., J. SMID, J. STUNDL, AND E. LEHR. 2018. Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests. ZooKeys 774: 105 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">Moravec et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1505,1253,1392]" box="[840,1474,1342,1364]" pageId="2">Proposed standard English name: Almendáriz’s Microtegus</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1505,1253,1392]" box="[840,1505,1369,1392]" pageId="2">Proposed standard Spanish name: Microtegúes de Almendáriz</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1510,1421,2007]" pageId="2">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-07-22" collectionCode="QCAZ, WGS" collectorName="J. Camper." country="Ecuador" elevation="1350" latitude="-0.6881028" location="Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.6004" pageId="2" specimenCode="QCAZ 12798" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Provincia Napo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,949,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[864,949,1421,1442]" pageId="2">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<specimenCode box="[978,1121,1421,1442]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="2" type="Museum">QCAZ 12798</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1143,1219,1421,1443]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[864,876,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[842,1507,160,1003]" captionTargetId="figure-818@2.[842,1508,159,1003]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. Holotype (QCAZ 12798; SVL = 39.54 mm) of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by J. Carrión." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877167/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1239,1252,1421,1443]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[146,158,1239,1258]" captionTargetBox="[124,787,160,1210]" captionTargetId="figure-775@3.[124,790,159,1211]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. Head of the holotype (QCAZ 12798) of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. Individual scales were traced for clarity. Photographs by J. Carrión." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877170/files/figure.png" pageId="2">2</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1279,1400,1421,1443]" pageId="2" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1419,1506,1421,1443]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[840,1009,1451,1473]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="2">Provincia Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:830B8E2CE5617146AFB3FB7D75ACFBB9:0E7D69E1E561714EA858FA117204FA20" box="[1025,1363,1451,1473]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.6881028" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.6004" name="Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" stateProvince="Provincia Napo">Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1379,1505,1447,1472]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="17.17" value="-0.6881028">
|
||
0
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1390,1398,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2">°</emphasis>
|
||
41
|
||
<emphasis box="[1423,1428,1447,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1423,1428,1447,1462]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
17.17
|
||
<emphasis box="[1482,1490,1447,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1482,1490,1447,1462]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[840,978,1476,1502]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="1.45" value="-77.6004">
|
||
77
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[863,871,1480,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2">°</emphasis>
|
||
36
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,901,1476,1491]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[896,901,1476,1491]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1.45
|
||
<emphasis box="[944,952,1476,1491]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[944,952,1476,1491]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, WGS84,
|
||
<quantity box="[1091,1180,1480,1502]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="2" unit="m" value="1350.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1091,1180,1480,1502]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="2" unit="m" value="1350.0">1,350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1197,1337,1480,1502]" pageId="2" value="2014-07-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1197,1337,1480,1502]" pageId="2" value="2014-07-22">22 July 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName pageId="2">J. Camper.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1510,1421,2007]" pageId="2">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-07-30" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="J. Camper." country="Ecuador" elevation="1250" latitude="-0.6797111" location="Provincia Napo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.60078" pageId="2" specimenCode="QCAZ 5073" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Provincia Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,989,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[864,957,1541,1562]" pageId="2">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(2)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1018,1142,1540,1561]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1150,1313,1540,1562]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="2">Provincia Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1322,1446,1540,1562]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="2" type="Museum">QCAZ 5073</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="2" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
, same collection data as holotype except
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1377,1505,1566,1591]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="46.96" value="-0.6797111">
|
||
0
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1389,1397,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="2">°</emphasis>
|
||
40
|
||
<emphasis box="[1422,1427,1566,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1422,1427,1566,1581]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
46.96
|
||
<emphasis box="[1482,1490,1566,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1482,1490,1566,1581]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[840,978,1595,1621]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="2.81" value="-77.60078">
|
||
77
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[863,871,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2">°</emphasis>
|
||
36
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,901,1595,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[896,901,1595,1610]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2.81
|
||
<emphasis box="[944,952,1595,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[944,952,1595,1610]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[991,1076,1599,1621]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" unit="m" value="1250.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[991,1076,1599,1621]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" unit="m" value="1250.0">1,250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1091,1226,1599,1621]" pageId="2" value="2012-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1091,1226,1599,1621]" pageId="2" value="2012-07-30">30 July 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-03-20" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="P. Rivera; L. Coloma & S. Ron." country="Ecuador" elevation="940" latitude="-1.3719667" location="Zanjarajuno Ecological Center" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.866104" pageId="2" specimenCode="QCAZ 9140" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Provincia Pastaza" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1239,1427,1599,1621]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="2">Provincia Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="2" type="Museum">QCAZ 9140</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[905,1023,1629,1651]" pageId="2" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:830B8E2CE5617146AFB3FB7D75ACFBB9:0E7D69E1E561714EA856F9E77206F992" box="[1039,1361,1629,1651]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.3719667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.866104" name="Zanjarajuno Ecological Center" pageId="2" stateProvince="Provincia Pastaza">Zanjarajuno Ecological Center</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1377,1505,1625,1651]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="19.08" value="-1.3719667">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1389,1397,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2">°</emphasis>
|
||
22
|
||
<emphasis box="[1422,1427,1625,1640]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1422,1427,1625,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
19.08
|
||
<emphasis box="[1482,1490,1625,1640]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1482,1490,1625,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[840,989,1655,1680]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" seconds="57.99" value="-77.866104">
|
||
77
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[863,871,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2">°</emphasis>
|
||
51
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,901,1655,1670]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[896,901,1655,1670]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
57.99
|
||
<emphasis box="[956,964,1655,1670]" italics="true" pageId="2">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[956,964,1655,1670]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1002,1068,1659,1680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="2" unit="m" value="940.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1002,1068,1659,1680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="2" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1081,1237,1658,1680]" pageId="2" value="2008-03-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1081,1237,1658,1680]" pageId="2" value="2008-03-20">20 March 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[1382,1477,1658,1680]" pageId="2">P. Rivera</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="2">L. Coloma</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName box="[982,1057,1688,1710]" pageId="2">S. Ron.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" pageId="2" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[840,1510,1421,2007]" lastBlockId="3.[123,793,1374,2007]" lastPageId="3" pageId="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,958,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—The new species belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1289,1391,1718,1739]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1289,1391,1718,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORAVEC, J. & J. SMID & J. STUNDL & E. LEHR" box="[876,1104,1748,1770]" pageId="2" pagination="105 - 139" refId="ref10534" refString="MORAVEC, J., J. SMID, J. STUNDL, AND E. LEHR. 2018. Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests. ZooKeys 774: 105 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">Moravec et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, in the absence of morphological synapomorphies defining
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1196,1297,1777,1798]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1196,1297,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[962,1064,1807,1828]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,1064,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on phylogenetic evidence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1409,1467,1807,1829]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[146,158,1182,1201]" captionTargetBox="[123,793,159,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-600@7.[123,793,159,1154]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 8. Phylogeny of Cercosaurinae. Maximum likelihood tree obtained under a RAxML analysis of 147 taxa and 1,949 aligned base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Bootstrap support values/ posterior probabilities are indicated next to branches. Except for SelƲasaura, clades ranked as genera were collapsed into triangles if two or more species were included. Outgroup taxa are not shown. Bayesian and RAxML tree files are provided as Supplementary Tree Files 1, 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877182/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORAVEC, J. & J. SMID & J. STUNDL & E. LEHR" box="[888,1100,1837,1859]" pageId="2" pagination="105 - 139" refId="ref10534" refString="MORAVEC, J., J. SMID, J. STUNDL, AND E. LEHR. 2018. Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests. ZooKeys 774: 105 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">Moravec et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[1117,1350,1837,1858]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1117,1350,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1357,1438,1837,1858]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[896,973,1866,1888]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,973,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2">S. braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[986,1058,1866,1888]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[146,158,1607,1626]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Lepidosis and measurements of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. and S. braƲa. Data of S. braƲa are based on Moravec et al. (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FDD6FB2E564714BACCBF9FD72E6F9BA" pageId="2" tableUuid="5FDD6FB2E564714BACCBF9FD72E6F9BA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) in having more femoral pores in males (9– 12 vs. 7–9, respectively), fewer gular collar scales (7–9 vs. 9–11), fewer transverse rows of dorsals (25–32 vs. 33–36), fewer scales around midbody (29–32 vs. 32–34), and fewer lateral scale rows (5 vs. 6–7). The new taxon can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="3" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="3" pageId="2">S. braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other Cercosaurinae species in having a unilobed hemipenis, which among microteiids has been reported only in a few species within Gymnophthalminae (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[587,787,1435,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Calyptommatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,739,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="3">Calyptommatus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rodrigues" authorityYear="1984" box="[123,337,1466,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Nothobachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ablephara">
|
||
<emphasis box="[123,337,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="3">Nothobachia ablephara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rodrigues & Maranhao Dos Santos" authorityYear="2008" box="[400,613,1466,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Scriptosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catimbau">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,613,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="3">Scriptosaura catimbau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Squamata" family="Alopoglossidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alopoglossidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[194,452,1496,1517]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevifrontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[194,452,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="3">Alopoglossus breƲifrontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1904" box="[467,652,1496,1517]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[467,652,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="3">Alopoglossus festae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kugleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3">Alopoglossus kugleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[199,391,1527,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,391,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="3">Alopoglossus myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1949" box="[448,650,1527,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plicatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,650,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="3">Alopoglossus plicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="NUNES, P. M. S." box="[662,788,1527,1548]" pageId="3" refId="ref10587" refString="NUNES, P. M. S. 2011. Morfologia Hemipeniana dos Lagartos Microteideos e Suas Implicac t oes nas Relac t oes Filogeneticas da Familia Gymnophthalmidae (Squamata: Teiioidea). Ph. D., Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil." type="book" year="2011">Nunes, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HERNANDEZ MORALES, C. & M. J. STURARO & P. M. S. NUNES & S. LOTZKAT & P. L. V. PELOSO" box="[123,451,1557,1579]" pageId="3" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref10206" refString="HERNANDEZ MORALES, C., M. J. STURARO, P. M. S. NUNES, S. LOTZKAT, AND P. L. V. PELOSO. 2020. A species-level total evidence phylogeny of the microteiid lizard family Alopoglossidae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmoidea). Cladistics 36: 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2020">Hernández Morales et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877170/files/figure.png" pageId="3" startId="3.[146,158,1239,1258]" targetBox="[124,787,160,1210]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[123,793,1239,1330]" pageId="3">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1253,1252" box="[146,176,1239,1258]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="3">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 2. Head of the holotype (QCAZ 12798) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[248,328,1263,1282]" pageId="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. Individual scales were traced for clarity. Photographs by J. Carrión.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" pageId="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[123,793,1374,2007]" lastBlockId="3.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis box="[146,301,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3">Characterization</emphasis>
|
||
.—(1) Three to four supraoculars, anteriormost larger than posterior one; (2) two prefrontals; (3) 9–12 femoral pores in males (females unknown); (4) lower eyelid scale single and transparent; (5) scales on dorsal surface striated; (6) five rows of lateral scales at midbody; (7) 25–32 dorsal scales between occipital and posterior margin of hindlimb; (8) lateral body fold present; (9) keeled ventrolateral scales on each side absent; (10) dorsum brown with a conspicuous, cream or gray vertebral stripe with wavy borders and scattered black marks along sides, extending from interparietal or postparietal to tip of tail; (11) white labial stripe present, with black outline on dorsal border and brown flecks or brown transversal bars on supralabials; (12) flanks of body grayish brown, turning cream on ventrolateral region; (13) white stripe along forelimb absent; (14) adult males with a longitudinal row of ocelli (black thick outline and white center) extending from above forelimb insertion posteriorly along flanks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1089,248,270]" italics="true" pageId="3">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1004,1089,248,269]" pageId="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—Adult male (QCAZ 12798); SVL
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9539999999999997" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="39.54">39.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TL
|
||
<quantity box="[930,1033,278,299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.304" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="73.04">73.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HL
|
||
<quantity box="[1085,1176,277,299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="9.65">9.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HW
|
||
<quantity box="[1238,1318,277,299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HD
|
||
<quantity box="[1373,1464,278,299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="3.92">3.92 mm</quantity>
|
||
; EN
|
||
<quantity box="[840,932,307,328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="3.38">3.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
; FLL
|
||
<quantity box="[993,1097,307,328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.331" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="13.31">13.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HLL
|
||
<quantity box="[1165,1268,307,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.861" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="18.61">18.61 mm</quantity>
|
||
; AGD
|
||
<quantity box="[1342,1446,307,328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.911" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="19.11">19.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="3">Dorsal and lateral head scales smooth, juxtaposed; rostral subrectangular, 1.43 times wider than high; frontonasal pentagonal, laterally in contact with nasal, smaller than frontal; prefrontals hexagonal, longer than wide, with medial suture, laterally in contact with nasal, loreal, and first superciliary; frontal hexagonal, longer than wide, wider anteriorly, in contact with prefrontals and supraoculars I and II; frontoparietals pentagonal, longer than wide, wider posteriorly, each in lateral contact with supraoculars II and III; interparietal heptagonal, lateral borders parallel to each other; parietals slightly shorter than interparietal, polygonal, positioned anterolaterally to interparietal, each in lateral contact with supraocular III and dorsalmost postocular; postparietals three, medial scale smaller than laterals; supralabials seven, fourth slightly longer and below center of eye; infralabials seven, fourth below center of eye; temporal enlarged, juxtaposed, smooth, polygonal; one enlarged, smooth supratemporal; nasal divided above and below nostril, subtriangular, wider than long, in contact with rostral anteriorly, supralabials I and II ventrally, frontonasal and prefrontals dorsally, loreal posterodorsally and frenocular posteroventrally; loreal rectangular; frenocular trapezoidal, in contact with nasal, separating loreal from supralabials; supraoculars three, first one largest; 4/5 (right/left) superciliaries, first one enlarged, extending onto dorsal surface and in contact with loreal; palpebral disk single, transparent; three suboculars, third one largest; three postoculars of similar size; ear opening round, without denticulate margins; tympanum recessed into a shallow auditory meatus; mental 1.27 times wider than long; postmental pentagonal, wider than long, followed posteriorly by four pairs of genials, anterior two in contact medially, posterior two separated by postgenials; all genials in contact with infralabials; gulars imbricate, smooth, in nine rows; gular fold complete; posterior row of gulars (collar) with nine scales that are similar to each other in size medially and become smaller laterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[840,1510,159,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[123,793,1344,2007]" lastPageId="4" pageId="3">Scales on nape wider than those of dorsals; scales on sides of neck small and granular; dorsal scales elongated, imbricate, arranged in transverse rows; scales on dorsal surface of neck striated; 28 dorsals between occiput and posterior margin of hindlimbs; 16 dorsal scale rows in a transverse line at midbody; ventrolateral scales smooth; dorsals separated from ventrals by five rows of small scales at level of 13th row of ventrals; lateral body fold present; ventrals smooth, wider than long, arranged in 23 transverse rows between collar fold and preanals; 10 ventral scale rows in a transverse line at midbody; subcaudals smooth; limbs overlapping when adpressed against body; axillary region with granular scales; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb smooth, imbricate; scales on ventral surface of forelimb granular; 3 thick, smooth thenar scales; supradigitals 4/4 (right/left) on finger I, 6/6 on II, 8/8 on III, 9/9 on IV, 6/6 on V; supradigitals 4/4 on toe I, 7/7 on II, 9/9 on III, 11/12 on IV, 9/8 on V; subdigital lamellae of forelimb single, 6/7 on finger I, 12/11 on II, 14/13 on III, 14/12 on IV, 11/10 on V; subdigital lamellae on toe I single, divided on toes II-V from half-length to base, 6/- on toe I, 11/11 on II, 15/16 on III, 20/20 on IV, 14/13 on V; groin region with small, imbricate scales; scales on dorsal surface of hindlimbs smooth, imbricate; scales on ventral surface of hindlimbs smooth; scales on posterior surface of hindlimbs granular; 12/11 femoral pores on each leg; preanal pores absent; cloacal plate with four scales, bordered by four scales anteriorly, of which the two medial-most are enlarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877172/files/figure.png" pageId="4" startId="4.[146,158,1185,1204]" targetBox="[130,1501,159,1158]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1510,1185,1300]" pageId="4">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1199,1199" box="[146,174,1185,1204]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="4">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 3. Skull of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[450,660,1185,1204]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,660,1185,1204]" italics="true" pageId="4">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[667,739,1185,1204]" pageId="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(QCAZ 12798) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C) ventral, (D) anterior, and (E) posterior views. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; ecp, ectopterygoid; epp, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; os, orbitosphenoid; otoc, otoccipital; pa, parietal; pbas, parabasisphenoid; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, prootic; porb, postorbital; posf, postfrontal; pref, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; sm, septomaxilla; soc, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; sta, stapes; sut, supratemporal; v, vomer. Images by C. Koch. Scale bars correspond to left and right images, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,793,1344,2007]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[146,432,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4">
|
||
Cranial Osteology of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[347,432,1467,1488]" pageId="4">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[166,246,1497,1518]" pageId="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[260,328,1497,1519]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[146,158,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[130,1501,159,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-377@4.[130,1501,159,1158]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3. Skull of the holotype of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 12798) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C) ventral, (D) anterior, and (E) posterior views. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; ecp, ectopterygoid; epp, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; os, orbitosphenoid; otoc, otoccipital; pa, parietal; pbas, parabasisphenoid; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, prootic; porb, postorbital; posf, postfrontal; pref, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; sm, septomaxilla; soc, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; sta, stapes; sut, supratemporal; v, vomer. Images by C. Koch. Scale bars correspond to left and right images, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877172/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[340,352,1497,1519]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[146,158,900,919]" captionTargetBox="[123,793,159,873]" captionTargetId="figure-551@5.[123,793,159,873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 4. Skull of the holotype of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 12798) in ventral view after sequential removal of (A) maxillae, pterygoids, quadrates, parabasisphenoid, and basioccipital; and (B) vomers, palatines, jugals, ectopterygoids, orbitosphenoids, epipterygoids, otoccipitals, prootics, and stapes. Abbreviations are the same as those in Fig. 3. Images by C. Koch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877174/files/figure.png" pageId="4">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) is depressed (skull height = 46% of skull length) and moderately long (skull width = 51% of skull length). Marginal teeth are present on the maxillary arcade (i.e., premaxilla and maxillae) and palatal teeth are absent. The opisthotics-exoccipitals and parasphenoid-basisphenoid are indistinguishably fused and, therefore, are described as single units, namely, otoccipitals and parabasisphenoid, respectively. The mandible is dentigerous and V-shaped in dorsal and ventral profiles, and its greatest width is approximately 13% of its total length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[208,274,1771,1793]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[864,876,1162,1181]" captionTargetBox="[840,1510,159,1134]" captionTargetId="figure-500@5.[840,1510,159,1134]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 5. Mandible of the holotype of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 12798) in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral, and (D) medial views. Abbreviations: an, angular; arpre, articular/prearticular complex (fused with surangular); co, coronoid; d, dentary; rp, retroarticular process; san, surangular; sp, splenial. Images by C. Koch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877176/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each mandibular ramus increases slightly in height posteriorly and has approximately the same width throughout its length. The rami meet anteriorly forming the mandibular symphysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,793,1344,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[840,1510,1344,2007]" pageId="4">Dermatocranium: The premaxilla forms the anteromedial margin of the snout and the medial margin of each fenestra exonarina. It bears a broad posterodorsally oriented nasal process, which extends and tapers between the anterior half of the nasals, and a broader anterior alveolar portion. The premaxilla articulates with the maxillae anterolaterally and the nasals posteriorly. The tapered posterior end of the nasal process articulates with the anteromedial margins of the nasals. In ventral view, the premaxilla bears a chevron-shaped medial ridge pointing forward and extending halfway the length of the premaxilla. The ventral surface of the premaxilla lacks posteroventral extensions at its articulation with the maxilla. Anteroventrally, the alveolar portion of the premaxilla bears 10 conical teeth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1510,1344,2007]" pageId="4">The septomaxillae are dorsoventrally compressed and lie anteromedially within the nasal capsules, lateral to the nasal septum. They form the floor of the anteromedial portion of the nasal cavity and the roof of the cavum containing the vomeronasal organ. The septomaxillae are oriented anteroventrally and articulate with the maxillae anterolaterally and the vomers ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1510,1344,2007]" lastBlockId="5.[123,793,1083,2007]" lastPageId="5" pageId="4">The maxillae occupy most of the anterolateral aspect of the skull between the orbits and the snout. In lateral aspect, each maxilla extends approximately 38% the length of the skull. Each maxilla bears 14 laterally compressed teeth on a well-developed alveolar shelf. Maxillary dentition is heterodont, with conical anterior teeth and larger, tricuspid (lateral cusps much smaller than the medial one) posterior teeth. In an anterior-to-posterior sequence in lateral view, the maxilla articulates with the premaxilla, nasal, prefrontal, jugal, and ectopterygoid. The preorbital facial process of each maxilla forms the lateral rim of the fenestra exonarina. There are three anterior inferior alveolar foramina on the pars facialis of the maxilla. The posterior half of the pars facialis of each maxilla extends to a point posterior to the center of the orbit and overlaps the jugal. The part of the maxilla bearing the last four teeth forms part of the floor of the orbit, as well as the anterolateral rim of the inferior orbital fenestra. The maxillae articulate with the jugals posterodorsally and ectopterygoids posteroventrally. In ventral view, the anterior half of each maxillary alveolar shelf is expanded medially and overlaps the corresponding vomer laterally; this expansion makes the medial borders of the shelves parallel to each other. Posteriorly, each alveolar shelf bears a triangular medial process that overlaps the anterolateral aspect of each palatine. In posterior view, the dorsal aspect of each maxilla is notched at a point about halfway its length to form the floor of the maxillopalatine foramen.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877174/files/figure.png" pageId="5" startId="5.[146,158,900,919]" targetBox="[123,793,159,873]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[123,793,900,1039]" pageId="5">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="914,914" box="[146,174,900,919]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="5">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 4. Skull of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[486,702,900,919]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,702,900,919]" italics="true" pageId="5">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[714,793,900,919]" pageId="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(QCAZ 12798) in ventral view after sequential removal of (A) maxillae, pterygoids, quadrates, parabasisphenoid, and basioccipital; and (B) vomers, palatines, jugals, ectopterygoids, orbitosphenoids, epipterygoids, otoccipitals, prootics, and stapes. Abbreviations are the same as those in Fig. 3. Images by C. Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877176/files/figure.png" pageId="5" startId="5.[864,876,1162,1181]" targetBox="[840,1510,159,1134]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[840,1511,1161,1276]" pageId="5">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1176,1175" box="[864,891,1162,1181]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="5">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 5. Mandible of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[1217,1429,1161,1180]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1429,1161,1180]" italics="true" pageId="5">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1436,1511,1162,1181]" pageId="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(QCAZ 12798) in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral, and (D) medial views. Abbreviations: an, angular; arpre, articular/prearticular complex (fused with surangular); co, coronoid; d, dentary; rp, retroarticular process; san, surangular; sp, splenial. Images by C. Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[123,793,1083,2007]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1510,1322,2007]" pageId="5">The nasals form most of the roof of the nasal capsules. They articulate with the nasal process of the premaxilla anteriorly and overlap the frontal posteriorly. The internasal suture represents approximately half the length of each nasal. In an anterior-to-posterior sequence, the lateral margin of each nasal articulates with the maxilla, prefrontal, and frontal, respectively. The nasalprefrontal articulation is interrupted posteriorly by the slender anterolateral processes of the frontal. Anteriorly, the nasal forms the posterodorsal rim of the fenestra exonarina. The prefrontals form the anterodorsal rims of the orbits. Each prefrontal articulates with the nasal and frontal dorsally and with the maxilla anteriorly, ventrolaterally, and ventrally. In posterior view, the ventral margin of each prefrontal is notched to form the roof of the maxillopalatine foramen. The lacrimals are absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[840,1510,1322,2007]" pageId="5">The frontal lies between the orbits, is longer than wide, and forms most of the dorsal orbital margin. Anteriorly, the frontal is W-shaped in dorsal view because it is partially overlapped by the nasals. In ventral view, the anterolateral processes are shorter than the anteromedial process. The anterolateral processes articulate with the dorsal margin of the prefrontals. The transverse posterior margin of the frontal lies posterior to the orbits and articulates with the anterior margin of the parietal. Posterolaterally, the frontal articulates with the anterior third of the anterior process of the postfrontal. In ventral view, the cristae cranii are strongly developed and meet anteriorly to form a tubular structure.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[840,1510,1322,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[123,793,1103,1477]" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">The parietal forms most of the posterior surface of the skull table. Laterally, the parietal extends ventrally and forms the medial rim of the supratemporal fossae. Posteriorly, the corpus of the parietal bears a pair of long supratemporal processes that are laterally overlapped by the supratemporals, which are laterally compressed and extend anteriorly less than half the length of the supratemporal fossa. The distal end of each supratemporal process approaches the paraoccipital process of the otoccipital. Medially, the posteroventral surface of the parietal bears the parietal fossa.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877178/files/figure.png" pageId="6" startId="6.[146,158,1014,1033]" targetBox="[199,1432,161,986]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[123,1509,1014,1057]" box="[146,1509,1014,1033]" pageId="6">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1028,1028" box="[146,174,1014,1033]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 6. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[350,559,1014,1033]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,559,1014,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[564,636,1014,1033]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life. (A, B) paratype QCAZ 9140, SVL = 39.73 mm; (C, D) uncollected specimens from Bigal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[123,1509,1014,1057]" box="[123,1323,1038,1057]" pageId="6">River Biological Reserve, Napo Province (see map in Fig. 9). Photographs by S. R. Ron (A, B), A. Anker (C), and T. Garcia (D).</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[123,793,1103,1477]" pageId="6">The postfrontals are small, flat, star-shaped bones that form part of the posterodorsal rims of the orbits. Each postfrontal has a long anterior process that articulates with the frontal anteromedially and three short posterior processes. The postfrontals articulate with the postorbitals laterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[123,793,1103,1477]" lastBlockId="6.[840,1510,1103,2007]" pageId="6">The postorbitals are long, flat, wider anteriorly and form the posterolateral margins of the skull along with the squamosals. The postorbitals lie ventral to the postfrontals, forming part of the posterodorsal rim of the orbits. The posterior end of each postfrontal articulates with the medial face of the squamosal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1510,1103,2007]" pageId="6">The squamosals are slender and crescent-shaped and form the posterolateral rims of the supratemporal fossae and the posterior halves of the supratemporal arches. Posteriorly, the squamosal articulates dorsally with the posterior end of the supratemporal and ventrally with the cephalic condyle of the quadrate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1510,1103,2007]" pageId="6">Jugals are broadly V-shaped and largely overlapped by the maxillae anterolaterally, forming the posteroventral rims of the orbits. Each jugal is composed of two elongate processes that enclose an obtuse angle, with the vertex lying approximately halfway between the anterior and posterior ends of the skull. The anterior or maxillary process articulates with the maxilla anteriorly, ventrally, and laterally and ectopterygoid posteromedially. The dorsal third of the posterior or temporal process of the jugal articulates with the postorbital.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1510,1103,2007]" pageId="6">Vomers are the most anterior elements of the palate and form the medial border of each fenestra vomeronasalis externa anteriorly and each fenestra exochoanalis posteriorly. The vomers are fused medially along the anterior two-thirds of their length; the anterior end is tapered and V-shaped and overlaps the posteroventral aspect of the premaxilla. Ventrally, the fused vomers bear two conspicuous ridges that are arched toward each other.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1510,1103,2007]" lastBlockId="7.[123,793,1423,1564]" lastPageId="7" pageId="6">Palatines are medially separated by the anterior half of the pyriform space. Each palatine is widest anteriorly; the tapered posterior end contacts the pterygoid. Anteriorly, the palatines overlap the vomers dorsally, thereby lying in the most dorsal aspect of the palate. Ventrally, each palatine bears a deep concavity, which represents the choanal duct extending from the choanal opening anteriorly. A conspicuous pterygoid process descends ventrally and forms the anteromedial margin of the inferior orbital fenestra.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877180/files/figure.png" pageId="6" startId="6.[146,158,1938,1957]" targetBox="[123,793,1530,1910]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[123,793,1937,2005]" pageId="6">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1952,1951" box="[146,174,1938,1957]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 7. Hemipenis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[363,576,1937,1956]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,576,1937,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[584,659,1938,1957]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(QCAZ 5073, paratype) in sulcate (left), lateral (middle), and asulcate (right) views. Photographs by P. M. S. Nunes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877182/files/figure.png" pageId="7" startId="7.[146,158,1182,1201]" targetBox="[123,793,159,1154]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[123,793,1181,1368]" pageId="7">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1196,1195" box="[146,174,1182,1201]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 8. Phylogeny of Cercosaurinae. Maximum likelihood tree obtained under a RAxML analysis of 147 taxa and 1,949 aligned base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Bootstrap support values/ posterior probabilities are indicated next to branches. Except for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[123,215,1277,1296]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[123,215,1277,1296]" italics="true" pageId="7">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, clades ranked as genera were collapsed into triangles if two or more species were included. Outgroup taxa are not shown. Bayesian and RAxML tree files are provided as Supplementary Tree Files 1, 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[123,793,1423,1564]" lastBlockId="7.[840,1510,159,1564]" pageId="7">The ectopterygoids form the posterolateral rims of the inferior orbital fenestrae. Each ectopterygoid bears three processes, namely, anterior, lateral, and posterior processes. The anterior process overlaps the posterior end of the maxilla, whereas the lateral process contacts the jugal. The posterior process is forked and braces the distal end of the transverse process of the pterygoid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[840,1510,159,1564]" pageId="7">The pterygoids are the largest and most posterior elements of the palate. They form the posteromedial rim of each inferior orbital fenestra and, together with the parabasisphenoid, the rim of the posterior half of the pyriform space. Anteriorly, each pterygoid bears a palatine process medially and a transverse process laterally. Each flat palatine process is overlapped dorsally by the pterygoid process of each palatine. Each transverse process extends laterally, and its distal end is embraced by the dorsal and ventral branches of the forked posterior process of the ectopterygoid. Posteriorly, each pterygoid bears the long, laterally compressed quadrate process, which constitutes about half the length of the bone. The quadrate process extends posterolaterally to reach the ventral portion of the medial aspect of the quadrate. The anteromedial aspect of each quadrate process contacts the distal end of the basipterygoid process of the parabasisphenoid. Dorsally, the proximal end of each quadrate process bears the columellar fossa, which receives the ventral end of each epipterygoid. There are 14 ossicles in each eye, but their margins are not well resolved in the CT scans.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[840,1510,159,1564]" pageId="7">The dentary is more than half the length of the lower jaw laterally and bears 17 teeth on a well-defined alveolar shelf. Mandibular dentition is heterodont, with small conical anterior teeth and larger, tricuspid (lateral cusps much smaller than the medial one) posterior teeth. Posteriorly, the dentary extends as much as the overlying coronoid. The posterior margin of the dentary articulates with several bones. In lateral view, it articulates with the surangular and is largely overlapped by the labial process of the coronoid. In lingual aspect, the dentary is bifurcate; the ventral splenial process and anteroventral portion of the dorsal coronoid process articulate with the splenial, whereas the posterior aspect of the dorsal coronoid process is overlapped by the anterior lingual process of the coronoid. The dorsolateral margin of the dentary, at its union with the coronoid, lies ventral to the dorsal margin of the surangular. Posteromedially, the dentary articulates with the anterodorsal margin of the angular. Laterally, the anterior half of the dentary bears four mental foramina, which lie in a longitudinal series halfway between the ventral and dorsal margins.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[840,1510,159,1564]" lastBlockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" lastPageId="8" pageId="7">The coronoid lies immediately behind the mandibular tooth row. Its dorsal process is nearly as high as the maximum height of the dentary. Ventrolaterally, the labial process of the coronoid overlaps the dentary posterior to the tooth row. The coronoid articulates posteriorly with the surangular. In medial aspect, the coronoid bears two processes. The anterior lingual process articulates with the dentary anteriorly, splenial ventrally, and prearticular posteriorly. The posterior lingual process overlaps the anteromedial portion of the prearticular. The base of the lingual bifurcation of the coronoid is wide and dorsally concave.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="5FDD6FB2E564714BACCBF9FD72E6F9BA" box="[146,1457,1606,1626]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FDD6FB2E564714BACCBF9FD72E6F9BA" pageId="7" startId="7.[146,158,1607,1626]" targetBox="[123,1510,1660,1987]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[146,1457,1606,1626]" box="[146,1457,1606,1626]" pageId="7">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1621,1620" box="[146,196,1607,1626]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="7">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
1. Lepidosis and measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[547,758,1606,1625]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[547,758,1606,1625]" italics="true" pageId="7">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[765,838,1607,1626]" pageId="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[887,958,1606,1626]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[887,958,1606,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7">S. braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1047,1118,1606,1626]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1047,1118,1606,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7">S. braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORAVEC, J. & J. SMID & J. STUNDL & E. LEHR" box="[1253,1452,1606,1626]" pageId="7" pagination="105 - 139" refId="ref10534" refString="MORAVEC, J., J. SMID, J. STUNDL, AND E. LEHR. 2018. Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests. ZooKeys 774: 105 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">Moravec et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7">
|
||
<table box="[123,1510,1660,1987]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="7">
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1660,1679]" gridrow="0" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1660,1679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Character</th>
|
||
<th box="[884,1204,1660,1679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[884,1069,1661,1678]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1069,1661,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1076,1141,1662,1678]" pageId="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1182,1662,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7">n =</emphasis>
|
||
3)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1316,1510,1660,1679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1316,1444,1661,1678]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1316,1444,1661,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7">SelƲasaura braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1457,1487,1662,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7">n =</emphasis>
|
||
6)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1702,1724]" gridrow="1" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1702,1724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7">Transverse rows of dorsals between occiput and posterior</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1702,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7">25–32</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1702,1724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7">33–36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1726,1748]" gridrow="2" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,1510,1726,1748]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7">margin of hindlimb</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1750,1772]" gridrow="3" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1750,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7">Scales around midbody</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1750,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7">29–32</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1750,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7">32–34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1774,1796]" gridrow="4" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1774,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7">Lateral scale rows at midbody</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1774,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7">5</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1774,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7">6–7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1798,1820]" gridrow="5" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1798,1820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7">Transverse rows of ventrals between collar fold and preanals</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1798,1820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7">20–23</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1798,1820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7">22–25</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1822,1844]" gridrow="6" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1822,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7">Longitudinal rows of ventrals at midbody</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1822,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7">8–10</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1822,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1846,1868]" gridrow="7" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1846,1868]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7">Scales on collar</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1846,1868]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7">7–9</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1846,1868]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7">9–11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1870,1892]" gridrow="8" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1870,1892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7">Subdigital lamellae on finger IV</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1870,1892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7">12–16</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1870,1892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7">14–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1893,1915]" gridrow="9" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1893,1915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7">Subdigital lamellae on toe IV</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1893,1915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7">18–20</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1893,1915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7">18–22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1918,1940]" gridrow="10" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1918,1940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7">Femoral pores in males (one leg)</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1918,1940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7">9–12</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1918,1940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7">7–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1941,1964]" gridrow="11" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1941,1964]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7">Maximum SVL in males (mm)</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1941,1964]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7">39.73</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1941,1964]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7">45.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[123,1510,1965,1987]" gridrow="12" pageId="7">
|
||
<th box="[123,772,1965,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7">Maximum SVL in females (mm)</th>
|
||
<td box="[884,1204,1965,1987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7">Unknown</td>
|
||
<td box="[1316,1510,1965,1987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7">42.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="8">The surangular occupies the posterior half of the mandible and forms the dorsal portion of the lower jaw between the coronoid and articular. It bears a large anterolateral foramen immediately posterior to the articulation with the coronoid and a smaller posterolateral foramen. In lateral aspect, the surangular tapers anteriorly between the coronoid dorsally and dentary ventrally. The ventrolateral border of the surangular articulates anteriorly with the dentary and behind it with the angular. Medially, the surangular bears three large foramina longitudinally aligned along the adductor fossa, followed posteriorly by three much smaller foramina. The surangular is fused with the articular/prearticular complex. The prearticular forms the posterior end of each mandibular ramus and lies mostly on the ventral and lingual aspects of the mandible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="8">Posteriorly, the prearticular bears the retroarticular process posteriorly and a short, semicircular angular process medially. The latter extends anteriorly as a prominent longitudinal crest, of which the anterior end is overlapped by the posteromedial process of the coronoid. In dorsal view, the retroarticular process is defined by two rounded crests that converge posteriorly, namely, the tympanic crest laterally and the medial crest medially. The medial crest bears the chorda tympani foramen at the medial side of its proximal end. Anterior to the angular and retroarticular processes, the dorsal aspect of the prearticular is fused with the overlying articular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="8">The angular is a small, slender bone that lies along the ventral surface of each mandibular ramus. Posteriorly, it articulates with the surangular laterally and prearticular medially. Anteriorly, each angular articulates with the dentary laterally and the splenial medially. Each angular is pierced by a small posterior mylohyoid foramen at the level of the anterior end of the adductor fossa.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="8">The splenial lies on the medial aspect of the mandible. Its anterior end and most of its ventral margin articulate with the dentary; it articulates with the angular posteroventrally. Dorsally, the splenial articulates with the anteromedial process of the coronoid anteriorly and the prearticular posteriorly. The anterior end of the splenial is pierced by a large anterior inferior alveolar foramen, followed ventrally by a much smaller anterior mylohyoid foramen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="8">Neurocranium: The basioccipital lies between the otic capsules and forms the posterior floor of the braincase and the medial portion of the occipital condyle. Its anterior margin articulates broadly with the parabasisphenoid and bears a broad rectangular notch medially. The basioccipital articulates with the prootic anterolaterally and the otoccipital posterolaterally. On each side, the basioccipital has a short, wide ventrolateral process, dorsal to which the foramen rotundum opens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[123,793,159,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="8">The supraoccipital forms the posterior roof of the braincase. Its anteriorly concave posterior margin forms the dorsal rim of the foramen magnum. The V-shaped lateral border of the supraoccipital articulates with the prootic anteriorly and the otoccipital posteriorly. The anterodorsal margin of the supraoccipital is separated from the parietal by a gap and bears the processus ascendens medially, which is directed toward the parietal fossa of the parietal. On each side of this process, the dorsal surface of the supraoccipital bears a shallow depression.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="8">Except for its short anteromedial cultriform process, the parasphenoid is fused with the basisphenoid to form the parabasisphenoid, which constitutes the anterior floor of the braincase. It articulates with the basioccipital posteriorly and the prootic posterodorsally. In ventral view, the medial portion of the posterior margin of the parabasisphenoid projects posteriorly as a rectangle that fits into the anteromedial notch of the basioccipital. Anteriorly, the parabasisphenoid bears two ventrolaterally oriented basipterygoid processes, which have expanded distal ends that articulate with the quadrate processes of each pterygoid. Dorsal to each basipterygoid process, the parabasisphenoid bears a short dorsolateral alar process, which articulates with the anteroventral process of the prootic. The posterior aspect of the parabasisphenoid is pierced on each side by the entrance to the Vidian canal and bears a short crista anterior to it, which corresponds to an anterior extension of the crista prootica. The thin and short cultriform process extends anteriorly to a point posterior to the posterior ends of the dentaries.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="8">The otoccipitals form the posterolateral walls of the braincase, lateral margins of the foramen magnum, and lateral portions of the occipital condyle. They meet the prootics anteriorly (suture not visible), supraoccipital dorsally, and basioccipital ventrally. Each otoccipital bears a short lateral paraoccipital process. Two foramina pierce the posterior surface of each otoccipital lateral to the occipital condyle; they are the dorsal hypoglossal foramen ventrally and the vagal foramen dorsally. Anterior to the paraoccipital process, each otoccipital has a deep concavity that corresponds to the posterior portion of the jugular recess. The fenestra ovalis lies mostly in the otoccipital and receives the footplate of the stapes; it lies between the jugular recess and the foramen rotundum. The anterior margin of the fenestra ovalis is formed by the posteroventral margin of the prootic. The crista interfenestralis separates the fenestra ovalis from the foramen rotundum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[840,1510,159,2007]" pageId="8">The prootics form the anterolateral walls of the braincase. Each prootic bears a large anterodorsally oriented alar process, which articulates with the lateral margin of the supraoccipital posteriorly. The anterior margin of the alar process forms the crista alaris, ventral to which the prootic bears a lateral bulge that corresponds to the acoustic recess medially. The anteroventral process of the prootic articulates with the parabasisphenoid anteriorly and the basioccipital ventrally. The anteroventral process bears ventrally a large cavity that corresponds to the anterior portion of the jugular recess. Ventrolaterally, each prootic bears a conspicuous crista prootica, which constitutes the lateral wall of the jugular recess. The distinct trigeminal notch on the anteroventral aspect of the prootic is formed by the dorsal margin of the anteroventral process and the ventral margin of the alar process. Posteriorly, the prootic overlaps the anterior surface of the paraoccipital process of the otoccipital and forms the anterior margin of the fenestra ovalis. The boomerang-shaped orbitosphenoids lie immediately anterior to the cultriform process and form the lateral margins of the optic foramen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[840,1510,159,2007]" lastBlockId="9.[123,793,159,2007]" lastPageId="9" pageId="8">Splanchnocranium: The quadrates lie on the posterolateral corners of the skull, articulating with and supporting the lower jaw. Ventrally, each quadrate bears a large transverse condyle that articulates with the glenoid fossa of the articular. A prominent crest extends posterodorsally from the transverse condyle to the cephalic condyle that forms the posterodorsal end of each quadrate. The cephalic condyle articulates with the posterior end of the supratemporal, the posterior end of the squamosal, and the distal end of the paraoccipital process of the otoccipital. Each quadrate is divided into a wide, anterolaterally concave lateral half bearing the tympanic crest along its lateral margin and a short medial half bearing the medial crest along its medial margin. The tympanic crest is notched close to its dorsal end. The medial half of each quadrate is in close contact with the quadrate process of the pterygoid ventromedially.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="9">The rod-shaped epipterygoids form a pair of vertical braces between the palate and the skull table. The ventral end of each epipterygoid inserts into the columellar fossa of the quadrate process of the corresponding pterygoid, whereas the dorsal end surpasses the ventral tip of the ventrolateral extension of the parietal laterally in close distance but without contacting it.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="9">Each thin cylindrical stapes lies anteroventral to the paraoccipital process of the otoccipital and bears an expanded proximal end forming an elongated footplate that attaches to the membrane covering the fenestra ovalis. The articular bone lies on the dorsal aspect of the posterior portion of each mandibular ramus between the proximal portions of both the retroarticular and angular processes of the prearticular, with which it is fused. It is also fused anteriorly with the surangular. It bears a pair of dorsal concavities, the medial and lateral portions of the glenoid fossa, which form the articular facet of the lower jaw.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7877184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" startId="9.[864,876,708,727]" targetBox="[842,1508,159,680]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[840,1511,707,774]" pageId="9">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="722,721" box="[864,891,708,727]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 9. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[1094,1307,707,726]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1094,1307,707,726]" italics="true" pageId="9">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1316,1392,708,727]" pageId="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Ecuador. Arrow points at type locality. The northernmost locality is based on the photographs presented in Fig. 6C,D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[146,321,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="9">
|
||
Color of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[236,321,908,929]" pageId="9">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—Based on photographs of a freshly killed specimen, the dorsal surface of head, body, and limbs is light brown with dark-brown or black spots; light-brown vertebral stripe (~2 dorsal scales wide) extending from occiput to tail, finely bordered laterally by dark brown; faint tan dorsolateral line extending on each side from supratympanic scales to shoulder; narrow yellowish cream stripe from mouth commissure, through ventral border of tympanum, to forelimb insertion, and extending posteriorly as a ventrolateral band that fades away before reaching hindlimb; sides of neck and flanks light brown; one conspicuous ocellus with thick black border and cream center above forelimb insertion, followed by 3/2 (right/left) ocelli on flanks posteriorly; tail orange ventrally and reddish brown laterally; throat light olive green with brass tint and dispersed black dots; venter olive green with dark marks within each scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
In preservative, dorsal surface of head and body gray, limbs whitish brown with scattered black markings, dorsal surface of tail light brown; vertebral stripe light gray becoming light brown toward the tail, bordered laterally by scattered black marks; flanks light gray with bronze-brown tint, ocelli on shoulders and flanks as described above; throat and belly creamy white with black spots; ventral surfaces of limbs and tail yellowish white (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[306,365,1566,1588]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[864,876,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[842,1507,160,1003]" captionTargetId="figure-818@2.[842,1508,159,1003]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. Holotype (QCAZ 12798; SVL = 39.54 mm) of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by J. Carrión." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877167/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[123,793,159,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[146,519,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9">
|
||
Color in Life of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[304,388,1597,1618]" pageId="9">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
QCAZ 9140
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—Dorsal surface of head, body, and limbs light brown with dark-brown spots; cream vertebral stripe extending from occiput to tail, bordered laterally by fine dark brown; nearly inconspicuous tan dorsolateral line extending on each side from supratympanic scales to hindlimbs; narrow white stripe bordered by dark brown dorsally extending from below orbit to forelimb insertion; sides of neck and flanks light brown; nine ocelli-like spots along flanks, from neck to hindlimb insertion; tail flanks light brown with orange tint; throat creamy white; chest and belly creamy white with light green tint, and fine dark-green and cream spots on individual scales; ventral surface of forelimbs light brown; ventral surface of hindlimbs and cloacal plate yellowish white; ventral surface of tail creamy white, with scattered orange marks; iris orange (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[631,691,1985,2007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[146,158,1014,1033]" captionTargetBox="[199,1432,161,986]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[199,1432,161,986]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 6. Specimens of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in life. (A, B) paratype QCAZ 9140, SVL = 39.73 mm; (C, D) uncollected specimens from Bigal River Biological Reserve, Napo Province (see map in Fig. 9). Photographs by S. R. Ron (A, B), A. Anker (C), and T. Garcia (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877178/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[840,1511,819,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1227,819,841]" italics="true" pageId="9">
|
||
Hemipenis of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1005,1089,820,841]" pageId="9">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
QCAZ 5073
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—Organ partially everted and partially expanded,
|
||
<quantity box="[1094,1179,849,871]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (~four subcaudals); organ unilobed, partially damaged during eversion; sulcus spermaticus broad and shallow throughout the hemipenial body, originating at the base of the hemipenis, and extending in a straight line until it divides into 2 branches at the distal 3rd of the organ; sulcal branches separated by fleshy fold; hemipenial body with 14 pairs of chevron-shaped flounces, separated by a longitudinal nude area on asulcate face (except first, proximalmost flounce), with vertices directed proximally on the lateral aspects of the body; flounces ornamented with calcified spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1310,1370,1118,1140]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[146,158,1938,1957]" captionTargetBox="[123,793,1530,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-367@6.[123,793,1530,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 7. Hemipenis of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. (QCAZ 5073, paratype) in sulcate (left), lateral (middle), and asulcate (right) views. Photographs by P. M. S. Nunes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877180/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[840,1511,819,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1017,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="9">Other Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.—Variation in lepidosis and measurements in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[840,1073,1178,1199]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,1073,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="9">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1080,1162,1178,1199]" pageId="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1329,1404,1178,1200]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[146,158,1607,1626]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Lepidosis and measurements of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. and S. braƲa. Data of S. braƲa are based on Moravec et al. (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FDD6FB2E564714BACCBF9FD72E6F9BA" pageId="9" tableUuid="5FDD6FB2E564714BACCBF9FD72E6F9BA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[840,1511,819,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,963,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.—The specific name is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Ana Almendáriz, former curator of Herpetology in the Museo de Historia Natural Gustavo Orcés at Escuela Politécnica Nacional del
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1181,1268,1297,1319]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ana Almendáriz is an Ecuadorian herpetologist who has made important contributions to the study of amphibians and reptiles from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1318,1404,1357,1379]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
including more than a dozen species descriptions. For more than three decades, she also has trained many young herpetologists.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[840,1511,819,2007]" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1199,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9">Distribution and Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[1228,1466,1447,1468]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1466,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="9">SelƲasaura almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is known from three localities along the northeastern slopes of the Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1004,1090,1507,1529]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
at elevations between
|
||
<quantity box="[1324,1458,1507,1529]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="9" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1350.0" valueMin="950.0">950-1,350 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[864,876,708,727]" captionTargetBox="[842,1508,159,680]" captionTargetId="figure-997@9.[842,1508,159,680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 9. Distribution of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in Ecuador. Arrow points at type locality. The northernmost locality is based on the photographs presented in Fig. 6C,D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877184/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). This distribution range corresponds to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1309,1367,1537,1558]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="9">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1431,1509,1537,1558]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="9">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[979,1066,1566,1588]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. All specimens were found active during the day.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[928,1020,1597,1618]" pageId="9">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
QCAZ 9140 was found on mainland forest, on a leaf
|
||
<quantity box="[912,989,1626,1648]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, close to a stream. The new species occurs in Eastern Montane and Eastern Foothill forests (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[847,919,1686,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[146,158,686,705]" captionTargetBox="[124,790,159,658]" captionTargetId="figure-913@10.[124,790,159,658]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 10. Habitat of the type locality of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. at Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador. Photograph by J. D. Camper." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877186/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), with annual mean temperatures of 7.2–21.9
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1401,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="9">°</emphasis>
|
||
C and 20– 23.9
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[883,891,1715,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9">°</emphasis>
|
||
C, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="RON, S. R." box="[1086,1206,1716,1738]" pageId="9" refId="ref10999" refString="RON, S. R. 2017. Regiones naturales del Ecuador. BIOWEB. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. Available from: https: // bioweb. bio / faunaweb / reptiliaweb / RegionesNaturales." type="url" year="2017">Ron, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9">S. almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[973,1056,1746,1767]" pageId="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is part of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, a 500-ha private reserve located near the Gran Sumaco Biosphere Reserve. The other two localities where this species has been recorded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[944,1001,1835,1857]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[864,876,708,727]" captionTargetBox="[842,1508,159,680]" captionTargetId="figure-997@9.[842,1508,159,680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 9. Distribution of SelƲasaura almendarizae sp. nov. in Ecuador. Arrow points at type locality. The northernmost locality is based on the photographs presented in Fig. 6C,D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877184/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) also lie within protected areas, indicating that at least some populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" box="[1115,1266,1865,1886]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1115,1266,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9">S. almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1273,1354,1866,1887]" pageId="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are protected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" pageId="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[840,1511,819,2007]" lastBlockId="10.[123,793,797,1114]" lastPageId="10" pageId="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1117,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9">Phylogenetic Relationships</emphasis>
|
||
.—Data partitions and evolution models are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1040,1113,1925,1947]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[146,158,1649,1668]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Data partitions used in phylogenetic analyses. Numbers in parentheses indicate codon position. Number of sites, selected model, number of unique site patterns (USP), variable sites (VS), and parsimony-informative sites (PIS) are indicated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FDD6FB2E5697146ACCBF9CB756BF934" pageId="9" tableUuid="5FDD6FB2E5697146ACCBF9CB756BF934">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. BI and ML analyses resulted in similar topologies, with only minor discrepancies among poorly supported nodes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[952,1012,1985,2007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[146,158,1182,1201]" captionTargetBox="[123,793,159,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-600@7.[123,793,159,1154]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 8. Phylogeny of Cercosaurinae. Maximum likelihood tree obtained under a RAxML analysis of 147 taxa and 1,949 aligned base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Bootstrap support values/ posterior probabilities are indicated next to branches. Except for SelƲasaura, clades ranked as genera were collapsed into triangles if two or more species were included. Outgroup taxa are not shown. Bayesian and RAxML tree files are provided as Supplementary Tree Files 1, 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7877182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7877182/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supplementary Tree Files 1, 2). Monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[123,222,797,818]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[123,222,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="10">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strongly supported (PP = 1, BS = 92). The sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[150,250,826,847]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[150,250,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="10">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a clade (PP = 0.9, BS = 86) composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[702,792,827,848]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[702,792,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="10">Potamites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehr, Moravec, Lundberg, Köhler, Catenazzi & Smíd" authorityYear="2019" box="[168,324,856,877]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Dendrosauridion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[168,324,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="10">Dendrosauridion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, this relationship is better supported by BI than ML analysis (PP = 0.96 and BS = 49, respectively). The ML analysis placed the new species as a sister to all other congenerics with low support, whereas relationships among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[231,331,974,995]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[231,331,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="10">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not resolved by the Bayesian analysis. Both BI and ML analyses maximally support the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10">S. almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[256,343,1033,1054]" pageId="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[359,442,1033,1054]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[359,442,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="10">S. braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[123,228,1062,1083]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[123,228,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="10">SelƲasaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[312,364,1063,1084]" name="Peru" pageId="10">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Mean genetic distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough, 2023" authorityName="Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="almendarizae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10">S. almendarizae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[251,331,1092,1113]" pageId="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[384,461,1091,1113]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Selvasaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[384,461,1091,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10">S. braƲa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 0.07 (12S) and 0.05 (16S).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |