578 lines
81 KiB
XML
578 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document id="FA10366D328A455C2C66F28111D94142" ID-CLB-Dataset="27849" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8959291b-1a7f-4c4c-8282-f9cf6f5bf8bb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2612270" ID-ZooBank="621F1AED-05AA-4145-B1A3-85E7896119EE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553698575953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guayasamin, Juan M., Arteaga, Alejandro & Hutter, Carl R." docDate="2018" docId="03F887F5FFEDBA6DFF3577D8FDFDFE9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4527.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4527 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pristimantis gralarias Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="328" masterDocId="FFC1FF8DFFEFBA6BFFA2721CFFF1FFF9" masterDocTitle="A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="334" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1698714492271" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C097EFF9D03F4E8222FC8F87E0E229E6">A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CE76B06C8C31ED152DAE34F6D49802E5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0ECDF36B429DB9172752D0858E9C8C19">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="041A44513F256235FA98DC0596168E45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A9EAD70F6121951FEE5FDD72964DF497">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2E75B07159CA1CC8E83ED1860688CA50" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08EEAEB84EEF9294AA888169F81A2002">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="416DDD57376589D084579C1F244F0281">Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="92846A8BD10A0875D966C44F95F4EF2B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2500D583DC68AB8E0CDD189AD1CCFEE3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="509DEB8746512556D8D5998556D9ED73">
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<mods:date id="2479F0D7CF3D0E3C492AED022B2BFEAC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="302A2F0ABF4543207F4D2CB8C321A500">2018-12-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887F5FFEDBA6DFF3577D8FDFDFE9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5969699" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154508207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5969699" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887F5FFEDBA6DFF3577D8FDFDFE9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887F5FFEDBA6DFF3577D8FDFDFE9D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFEDBA69FF3577D8FC69FA26" box="[151,920,1476,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEDBA69FF3577D8FC69FA26" blockId="2.[151,920,1476,1503]" box="[151,920,1476,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<heading id="D0A6818FFFEDBA69FF3577D8FC69FA26" bold="true" box="[151,920,1476,1503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEDBA69FF3577D8FC69FA26" bold="true" box="[151,920,1476,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEDBA69FF3577D8FE6FFA27" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,414,1476,1502]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEDBA69FF3577D8FE6FFA27" bold="true" box="[151,414,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFEDBA69FE0777D9FDF3FA26" box="[421,514,1477,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Guayasamin, Arteaga & Hutter
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFEDBA69FF357410FD61F996" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEDBA69FF357410FD61F996" blockId="2.[151,1436,1548,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<materialsCitation id="3B393CBEFFEDBA69FF357410FD61F996" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029191814" collectingDate="2012-02-29" collectionCode="MH" country="Ecuador" elevation="2192" latitude="-0.0275" location="Reserva Las Gralarias" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-78.70477" municipality="Italo Tapia" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" specimenCode="MZUTI 1466" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEDBA69FF357410FEFCF9DC" bold="true" box="[151,269,1548,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFEDBA69FF357410FEF9F9DC" box="[151,264,1548,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBF79E98FFEDBA69FEB67411FE5DF9DC" box="[276,428,1548,1573]" collectionCode="MZUTI" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">MZUTI 1466</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFEDBA69FE197410FDD7F9DD" box="[443,550,1548,1573]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox-0="[246,1295,249,1217]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1421,1412,1876]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1379,200,1367]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[230,1356,193,1285]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[150,1436,1378,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. in life, holotype, MZUTI 1466." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Hands of species in the Pristimantis myersi Group, showing differences in distal lateral expansion of fingers (absent in P. gralarias). Illustrated specimens: P. gralarias sp. nov. (MZUTI 1466), P. leoni (KU 130870, from Lynch 1976), P. pyrrhomerus (KU 131610, from Lynch 1976), P. floridus (USNM 239674, form Lynch & Duellman 1997). Not drawn to scale." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Plantar view of feet showing differences in distal lateral expansion of toes. (A) Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. (MZUTI 1466), and (B) P. hectus (IND-AN 1941, from Lynch & Burrowes 1990). Not drawn to scale." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2612272/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2612274/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2612276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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), adult female from TKA trail (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE655024FFEDBA69FC2B7410FC09F9DD" box="[905,1016,1548,1573]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" precision="5" value="-0.0275">0.0275° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE655024FFEDBA69FBA77410FB6AF9DD" box="[1029,1179,1548,1572]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" precision="1" value="-78.70477">78.70477° W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CA99B06FFEDBA69FB047410FB0FF9DD" box="[1190,1278,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1919999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="2192.0">
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<elevation id="007CD1D0FFEDBA69FB047410FB0FF9DD" box="[1190,1278,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1919999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="2192.0">2192 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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),
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<location id="8E8E6038FFEDBA69FAB07411FEF0F9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887F5FFEDBA6DFF3577D8FDFDFE9D:8E8E6038FFEDBA69FAB07411FEF0F9B2" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.0275" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-78.70477" municipality="Italo Tapia" name="Reserva Las Gralarias" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" stateProvince="Pichincha">Reserva Las Gralarias</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4995F801FFEDBA69FEA9742EFE17F9B2" box="[267,486,1586,1611]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Pichincha province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3467673FFEDBA69FE53742EFDA1F9B2" box="[497,592,1586,1611]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected on
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<date id="FFEF1023FFEDBA69FD48742EFC36F9B2" box="[746,967,1583,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" value="2012-02-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFABE9CBFFEDBA69FD48742EFC36F9B2" box="[746,967,1583,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" value="2012-02-29">
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February 29
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<superScript id="7C249BABFFEDBA69FCD37433FC8CF9C4" attach="none" box="[881,893,1583,1597]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">th</superScript>
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, 2012
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, by
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8AAC99FFEDBA69FC56742EFB9DF9B2" box="[1012,1132,1586,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Italo Tapia</collectingMunicipality>
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and Henry Imba. Genbank accession numbers:
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<accessionNumber id="9402AB00FFEDBA69FEDA744AFE0CF996" box="[376,509,1622,1647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH306193" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<collectionCode id="ED40AE26FFEDBA69FEDA744AFE57F996" box="[376,422,1622,1647]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">MH</collectionCode>
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306193
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</accessionNumber>
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,
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||
<accessionNumber id="9402AB00FFEDBA69FDA5744AFD7CF996" box="[519,653,1622,1647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH306194" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<collectionCode id="ED40AE26FFEDBA69FDA5744AFDC4F996" box="[519,565,1622,1647]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">MH</collectionCode>
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306194
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</accessionNumber>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFEDBA68FF657466FDBEFCA5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEDBA69FF657466FAB4F82E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1548,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEDBA69FF657466FEB2F96A" bold="true" box="[199,323,1658,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEDBA69FEEC7460FDBBF96A" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[334,586,1658,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEDBA69FEEC7460FDBBF96A" box="[334,586,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks shagreen with numerous, scattered, low tubercles; venter areolate; discoidal fold absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus evident; (3) snout short, rounded in dorsal and lateral profiles; (4) upper eyelid with several low tubercles; (5) dentigerous process of the vomer present, bearing teeth; (6) male sexual traits (e.g., vocal slits, nuptial pads) unknown; (7) first finger shorter than second; (8) fingers with narrow lateral fringes; (9) low ulnar tubercles present; (10) heel and tarsus with small, non-conical tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle conspicuous, oval, 4–
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<date id="FFEF1023FFEDBA69FE4E754EFDF7F892" box="[492,518,1874,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">5x</date>
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round outer metatarsal tubercle; (12) toes bearing narrow lateral fringes, webbing absent, discs not expanded laterally, fifth toe about same length as third; (13) in life, dorsum grayish brown, with black marks, flanks pale brown with an olive blotch and black marks, venter black with minute white spots, iris black with minute golden and silver spots; and (14) SVL in adult female 21.0 mm (
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEDBA69FB9E75DCFBBBF82E" box="[1084,1098,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">n</emphasis>
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= 1), males unknown.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF65728BFDBEFCA5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF65728BFDAFFF49" bold="true" box="[199,606,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Comparison with similar species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FDCA7285FC95FF49" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[616,868,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FDCA7285FC95FF49" box="[616,868,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FCCC728BFC3AFF49" bold="true" box="[878,971,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFECBA68FCCC728BFC3AFF49" box="[878,971,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
is most similar to species placed in the phenetic
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FF5F72A1FE28FF2D" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[253,473,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF5F72A1FE28FF2D" box="[253,473,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
Group, which was initially defined by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FC3772A0FBDCFF2D" author="Lynch, J. D." box="[917,1069,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref5291" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1981) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Andes of Northern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 72, 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16289" type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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||
as the
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FBDD72A0FA6DFF2D" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1151,1436,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FBDD72A0FA6DFF2D" box="[1151,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Eleutherodactylus myersi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
assembly. The new species shares the following diagnostic traits of the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FC1C72FDFBF8FF01" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[958,1033,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FC1C72FDFBF8FF01" box="[958,1033,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">myersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group (as defined by Hedges
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<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FAC172FDFA6DFF01" box="[1379,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008): small body size (females less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B06FFECBA68FDCF7318FD31FEE5" box="[621,704,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
), short snout, robust body, Finger I shorter than II, Toe V slightly longer than Toe III and does not extend to the proximal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV, digital discs narrow and rounded, tympanic membrane differentiated, cranial crests absent. Below we provide a comparison with species that form part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FD13736DFCEAFE71" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[689,795,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FD13736DFCEAFE71" box="[689,795,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group and that are found on the Pacific versant of the Andes; these species are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FE1A7389FCAEFE55" authority="(Lynch & Duellman 1997)" authorityName="Lynch & Duellman" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[440,863,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FE1A7389FDDAFE54" box="[440,555,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. floridus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FD9B7388FCA9FE55" author="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E." box="[569,856,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref5349" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FCC97389FB01FE55" authority="Lynch & Burrowes 1990" authorityName="Lynch & Burrowes" authorityYear="1990" box="[875,1264,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FCC97389FC3AFE54" box="[875,971,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. hectus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FC747388FB01FE55" author="Lynch, J. D. & Burrowes, P." box="[982,1264,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref5400" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Burrowes, P. A (1990) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus at the La Planada Reserve in southwestern Colombia (family Leptodactylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 136, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1990">Lynch & Burrowes 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FB597389FF23FE29" authority="Lynch 1976" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FB597389FABBFE54" box="[1275,1354,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FAF47388FF23FE29" author="Lynch, J. D." pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="310 - 317" refId="ref5257" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976) Three new leptodactylid frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Herpetologica, 32, 310 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976">Lynch 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FF4673A5FD13FE29" authority="Rodder & Schimtz 2009" authorityName="Rodder & Schimtz" authorityYear="2009" box="[228,738,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucidosignatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF4673A5FE5BFE29" box="[228,426,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. lucidosignatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FE1A73ABFD13FE29" author="Rodder, D. & Schmitz, A." box="[440,738,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="275 - 288" refId="ref5870" refString="Rodder, D. & Schmitz, A. (2009) Two new Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) belonging to the myersi group from the Andean slopes of Ecuador. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 116, 275 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79496" type="journal article" year="2009">Rödder & Schimtz 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FD5673A5FA84FE29" authority="Rojas-Runjaic, Delgado, Guayasamin 2014" authorityName="Rojas-Runjaic, Delgado, Guayasamin" authorityYear="2014" box="[756,1397,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FD5673A5FC99FE29" box="[756,872,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. munozi</emphasis>
|
||
Rojas-Runjaic, Delgado,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FB0273ABFA84FE29" author="Guayasamin, J. M. & Mendoza, A. M. & Longo, A. V. & Zamudio, Z. & Bonaccorso, E." box="[1184,1397,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="33 - 44" refId="ref4684" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Mendoza, A. M., Longo, A. V., Zamudio, Z. & Bonaccorso, E. (2014) High prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in an Andean frog community (Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 8, 33 - 44." type="journal article" year="2014">Guayasamin 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FA2573A5FE2CFE0C" authority="Guayasamin 2015" authorityName="Guayasamin" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FA2573A5FF0EFE0C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FEA973C0FE2CFE0C" author="Guayasamin, J. M. & Krynak, T. & Krynak, K. & Culebras, J. & Hutter, C. R." box="[267,477,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="913 - 928" refId="ref4746" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Krynak, T., Krynak, K., Culebras, J. & Hutter, C. R. (2015) Phenotypic plasticity raises questions for taxonomically important traits: a remarkable new Andean rainfrog (Pristimantis) with the ability to change skin texture. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 173, 913 - 928. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12222" type="journal article" year="2015">Guayasamin 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FE4F73C1FC72FE0D" authority="Rodder & Schimtz 2009" authorityName="Rodder & Schimtz" authorityYear="2009" box="[493,899,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FE4F73C1FDA4FE0D" box="[493,597,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. onorei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FDC373C0FC72FE0D" author="Rodder, D. & Schmitz, A." box="[609,899,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="275 - 288" refId="ref5870" refString="Rodder, D. & Schmitz, A. (2009) Two new Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) belonging to the myersi group from the Andean slopes of Ecuador. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 116, 275 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79496" type="journal article" year="2009">Rödder & Schimtz 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FC3073C1FB2AFE0C" authority="Lynch 1976" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[914,1243,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FC3073C1FBB3FE0C" box="[914,1090,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. pyrrhomerus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FBEC73C0FB2AFE0C" author="Lynch, J. D." box="[1102,1243,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="310 - 317" refId="ref5257" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1976) Three new leptodactylid frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Herpetologica, 32, 310 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976">Lynch 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FABC73C1FC84FDE1" authority="Yanez-Munoz, Meza-Ramos, Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes 2011" authorityName="Yanez-Munoz, Meza-Ramos, Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirnigeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FABC73C1FA6AFE0C" box="[1310,1435,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. sirnigeli</emphasis>
|
||
Yánez-Muñoz, Meza-Ramos,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FE5773E3FC84FDE1" author="Yanez-Munoz, M. H. & Meza-Ramos, P. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & Reyes-Puig, J. P." box="[501,885,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" refId="ref6098" refString="Yanez-Munoz, M. H., Meza-Ramos, P., Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & Reyes-Puig, J. P. (2011) " 2010 " Descripcion de tres nuevas especies de ranas del genero Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Strabomantidae) de los bosques nublados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Ecuador. Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierias, Seccion B, 2, B 16 - B 27." type="journal volume" year="2011">Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most conspicuous trait that distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FF357039FE60FDC4" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,401,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF357039FE60FDC4" box="[151,401,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FE387038FE04FDC4" bold="true" box="[410,501,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFECBA68FE387038FE04FDC4" box="[410,501,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FC817039FC76FDC5" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[803,903,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FC817039FC76FDC5" box="[803,903,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group is that the new species has fingers and toes that are slender and lack a distal lateral expansion; all the other species mentioned above (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FABB7055FA63FD99" authorityName="Yanez-Munoz, Meza-Ramos, Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes" authorityYear="2011" box="[1305,1426,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirnigeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FABB7055FA63FD99" box="[1305,1426,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. sirnigeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have some degree of distal lateral expansion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FD077070FD06FD7D" box="[677,759,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,1412,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,1378,1896]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hands of species in the Pristimantis myersi Group, showing differences in distal lateral expansion of fingers (absent in P. gralarias). Illustrated specimens: P. gralarias sp. nov. (MZUTI 1466), P. leoni (KU 130870, from Lynch 1976), P. pyrrhomerus (KU 131610, from Lynch 1976), P. floridus (USNM 239674, form Lynch & Duellman 1997). Not drawn to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612274/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FCA77070FCE4FD7D" box="[773,789,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[178,1379,200,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plantar view of feet showing differences in distal lateral expansion of toes. (A) Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. (MZUTI 1466), and (B) P. hectus (IND-AN 1941, from Lynch & Burrowes 1990). Not drawn to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612276/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FC8E7071FBD7FD7C" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[812,1062,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FC8E7071FBD7FD7C" box="[812,1062,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FB927070FB7AFD7C" bold="true" box="[1072,1163,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFECBA68FB927070FB7AFD7C" box="[1072,1163,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is further differentiated from
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF74708DFB30FD51" box="[214,1217,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FF74708DFECFFD51" authorityName="Lynch & Burrowes" authorityYear="1990" box="[214,318,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">P. hectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FEEE708DFE52FD51" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[332,419,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">P. leoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FE13708DFD84FD51" authorityName="Rodder & Schimtz" authorityYear="2009" box="[433,629,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucidosignatus">P. lucidosignatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FD20708DFD05FD51" authorityName="Rojas-Runjaic, Delgado, Guayasamin" authorityYear="2014" box="[642,756,657,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munozi">P. munozi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FCA3708DFC7BFD51" authorityName="Guayasamin" authorityYear="2015" box="[769,906,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">P. mutabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FC35708DFBF1FD51" authorityName="Rodder & Schimtz" authorityYear="2009" box="[919,1024,657,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onorei">P. onorei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FBAF708DFB4CFD51" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[1037,1213,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">P. pyrrhomerus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FB5E708DFA86FD51" authorityName="Yanez-Munoz, Meza-Ramos, Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes" authorityYear="2011" box="[1276,1399,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirnigeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FB5E708DFA86FD51" box="[1276,1399,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. sirnigeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a conical tubercle on the upper eyelid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FD6770A8FCFFFD35" box="[709,782,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[187,1436,421,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,411,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Species in the Pristimantis myersi Group. (A) P. gralarias sp nov., Reserva Las Gralarias, 2192 m, Pichincha province, MZUTI 1466. (B) P. hectus, Reserva Integral Otonga, 2110 m, Cotopaxi province, MZUTI 2062. (C) P. floridus, Pichincha province, photo by Luis A. Coloma. (D) P. sirnigeli, 2825 m, Reserva Siempre Verde, Imbabura Province, MZUTI 3159. (E) P. pyrrhomerus, Pilaló, 2720 m, Cotopaxi province. Photographs not at scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the closest uncorrected pair-wise genetic distance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FE8070C5FE5AFD09" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[290,427,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FE8070C5FE5AFD09" box="[290,427,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6.5–6.7% from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FD3070C5FD0FFD09" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[658,766,729,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FD3070C5FD0FFD09" box="[658,766,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FC9D70C5FC4EFD09" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[831,959,729,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FC9D70C5FC4EFD09" box="[831,959,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An unpublished thesis focusing on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FF3570E1FE83FCED" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[151,370,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF3570E1FE83FCED" box="[151,370,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFECBA68FE6D70E0FD44FCED" author="Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M." box="[463,693,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" refId="ref5758" refString="Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M. (2012) Species limits in direct-developing frogs of the Pristimantis myersi species group (Terrarana: Strabomantidae). Master Thesis, Universidad Internacional Menendez Pelayo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain." type="book" year="2012">Rojas-Runjaic 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which includes several other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FB1070E1FB0CFCED" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1202,1277,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FB1070E1FB0CFCED" box="[1202,1277,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FA2570E1FF0EFCC1" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FA2570E1FF0EFCC1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp nov,
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FEC3713DFD45FCC1" box="[353,692,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FEC3713DFE39FCC1" authorityName="Lynch & Burrowes" authorityYear="1990" box="[353,456,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">P. hectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FE77713DFDDCFCC1" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[469,557,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">P. leoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FD98713DFD45FCC1" authorityName="Yanez-Munoz, Meza-Ramos, Cisneros-Heredia & Reyes" authorityYear="2011" box="[570,692,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirnigeli">P. sirnigeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) also supports the lineage differentiation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FB57713DFA8BFCC1" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[1269,1402,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FB57713DFA8BFCC1" box="[1269,1402,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp nov and all other sampled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FE1D7159FDB9FCA5" box="[447,584,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FE1D7159FDB9FCA5" box="[447,584,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFECBA68FF65717BFADDF889" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF65717BFCF7FA81" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF65717BFD81FC79" bold="true" box="[199,624,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFECBA68FEDB717BFE11FC79" box="[377,480,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FE52717BFD90FC79" box="[496,609,871,896]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox-0="[246,1295,249,1217]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1421,1412,1876]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1379,200,1367]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[230,1356,193,1285]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[150,1436,1378,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. in life, holotype, MZUTI 1466." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Hands of species in the Pristimantis myersi Group, showing differences in distal lateral expansion of fingers (absent in P. gralarias). Illustrated specimens: P. gralarias sp. nov. (MZUTI 1466), P. leoni (KU 130870, from Lynch 1976), P. pyrrhomerus (KU 131610, from Lynch 1976), P. floridus (USNM 239674, form Lynch & Duellman 1997). Not drawn to scale." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Plantar view of feet showing differences in distal lateral expansion of toes. (A) Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. (MZUTI 1466), and (B) P. hectus (IND-AN 1941, from Lynch & Burrowes 1990). Not drawn to scale." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2612272/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2612274/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2612276/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female, with relatively robust body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FBFD717BFB53FC79" box="[1119,1186,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionTargetBox="[246,1295,249,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[230,1356,193,1285]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. in life, holotype, MZUTI 1466." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612272/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Skin of dorsum and flanks shagreen, with numerous scattered low tubercles; skin on venter areolate. Head slightly longer than wide (Head Length = 37% of SVL; Head Width = 35% of SVL). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, with very small papilla at tip;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FE2871C8FDBAFC14" box="[394,587,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
distinct, slightly concave; lips rounded, not flared. Black canthal stripe present. Nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally. Internarial region and top of head flat. Eye of moderate size, its diameter 13% of SVL. Tympanic membrane differentiated, but pigmented as surrounding skin; tympanum conspicuous, oval, diameter 5.7% of SVL. Supratympanic fold low, obscuring upper margin of tympanum; black supratympanic stripe present. Dentigerous processes of vomers conspicuous, having triangular shape, wellseparated from each other; each process bears 3 (right) and 4 (left) teeth. Choanae of moderate size, elliptical, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch. Tongue large, cordiform, with its anterior third attached to the floor of mouth. Forearm with three low ulnar tubercles. Fingers slender; discs not expanded laterally, and with clearly defined circumferential groove; disc on Finger III narrower than tympanum diameter. Relative lengths of fingers I <II <IV <III. Fingers with narrow dermal fringes; webbing absent. Subarticular tubercles round, simple, moderate-sized. Supernumerary tubercles present, numerous, fleshy and small. Palmar tubercle well-differentiated, bifid distally. Inner metacarpal tubercle large, elliptical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF657798FB21F9D4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Hind limbs moderately robust; tibia length 49% SVL; foot length 47% SVL. Heel with small, non-conical tubercle; four low, non-conical tarsal tubercles present. Inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, 4–5 times size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; planar surface with numerous small supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles single, round, moderate-sized. Toes with narrow lateral fringes; toe discs not expanded laterally; pads with clearly defined circumferential groove. Relative length of toes I <II <III = V <IV; toe webbing absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF65742BFB1DF961" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF65742BFE94F9A9" bold="true" box="[199,357,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Color in life:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum grayish brown, with black marks; flanks pale brown with an olive blotch and black marks; dark red groin. Lip with black stripes; black canthal and supratympanic stripes. Venter black with minute white spots; iris black with minute golden and silver spots and orange circunpupillary ring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FB387463FB2AF961" box="[1178,1243,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionTargetBox="[246,1295,249,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[230,1356,193,1285]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. in life, holotype, MZUTI 1466." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612272/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF6574B8FC63F926" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF6574B8FE3EF944" bold="true" box="[199,463,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Color in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum and flanks grayish brown, with black marks; cream groin. Black canthal and supratympanic stripes. Venter dark brown, with minute cream spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF6574F0FADDF889" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF6574F0FD5EF8FC" bold="true" box="[199,687,1772,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFECBA68FE7074F0FDC8F8FC" box="[466,569,1772,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUTI 1466, adult female. SVL 21.0; Femur length 9.6; Tibia length 10.3; Foot length 9.8; Head length 7.7; Head width 7.4; Snout-to-eye distance 1.7; Tympanum 1.2; Radioulna length 5.1; Hand length 5.4; Eye diameter 2.7; Interorbital distance 2.0; Finger I length 3.5; Finger II length 3.9; Finger III Disc Diameter 0.4; Toe IV length 9.9; Toe V length 6.4; Toe IV Disc Diameter 0.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFECBA68FF657560FA64F824" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF657560FCCFF840" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF657560FE93F86C" bold="true" box="[199,354,1916,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFECBA68FECE7561FD94F86C" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[364,613,1916,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FECE7561FD94F86C" box="[364,613,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFECBA68FCDF7561FC5CF86C" box="[893,941,1917,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Reserva Las Gralarias (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE655024FFECBA68FA877560FA66F86D" box="[1317,1431,1916,1941]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" precision="5" value="-0.0275">0.0275° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE655024FFECBA68FF3575BCFEDDF841" box="[151,300,1952,1976]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" precision="1" value="-78.70477">78.70477° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B06FFECBA68FE9A75BCFE61F841" box="[312,400,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1919999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="m" value="2192.0">2192 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFECBA68FE3975BCFE2CF840" box="[411,477,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,568,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,553,1992]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Known distribution of Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612280/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F801FFECBA68FE5675BCFD21F840" box="[500,720,1952,1977]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467673FFECBA68FD7975BCFCCBF840" box="[731,826,1952,1977]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFECBA68FF6575D8FA64F824" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1429,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFECBA68FF6575D8FE7EF824" bold="true" box="[199,399,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Natural History:</emphasis>
|
||
During the night, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFECBA68FD2475D8FD19F824" box="[646,744,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found on a leaf
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B06FFECBA68FC7375D8FBE7F825" box="[977,1046,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
|
||
above ground in a primary forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E666BFFEBBA6FFF357706FC64FAC9" box="[151,917,1306,1328]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612272/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" startId="4.[151,250,1306,1328]" targetBox="[246,1295,249,1217]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEBBA6FFF357706FC64FAC9" blockId="4.[151,917,1306,1328]" box="[151,917,1306,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFF357706FEE2FAD6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1306,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFEBB7707FE08FAC9" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,505,1306,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFEBB7707FE08FAC9" box="[281,505,1306,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFE5D7707FDA1FAC9" bold="true" box="[511,592,1307,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFEBBA6FFE5D7707FDA1FAC9" box="[511,592,1307,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life, holotype, MZUTI 1466.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E666BFFEBBA6FFF357561FA6DF828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612274/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" startId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" targetBox="[160,1421,1412,1876]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEBBA6FFF357561FA6DF828" blockId="4.[151,1437,1917,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFF357561FEE7F86A" bold="true" box="[151,278,1917,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Hands of species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFD807563FD1DF86D" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[546,748,1919,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFD807563FD1DF86D" box="[546,748,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Pristimantis myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group, showing differences in distal lateral expansion of fingers (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFEA27581FE87F84B" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[256,374,1948,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFEA27581FE87F84B" box="[256,374,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Illustrated specimens:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFDCD7581FD14F84B" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[623,741,1948,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFDCD7581FD14F84B" box="[623,741,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFD4E7580FCCDF848" bold="true" box="[748,828,1948,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFEBBA6FFD4E7580FCCDF848" box="[748,828,1948,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MZUTI 1466),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFC4A7581FBC0F84B" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" box="[1000,1073,1948,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFC4A7581FBC0F84B" box="[1000,1073,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">P. leoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 130870, from Lynch 1976
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFAD67581FA8DF84B" box="[1396,1404,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFA2B7581FEEBF828" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhomerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFA2B7581FEEBF828" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">P. pyrrhomerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 131610, from Lynch 1976),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEBBA6FFDD275A0FD29F828" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[624,728,1979,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEBBA6FFDD275A0FD29F828" box="[624,728,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">P. floridus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 239674, form Lynch & Duellman 1997). Not drawn to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E666BFFEABA6EFF3577BBFB54FA22" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612276/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" startId="5.[151,250,1447,1469]" targetBox="[178,1379,200,1367]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEABA6EFF3577BBFB54FA22" blockId="5.[151,1435,1446,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFF3577BBFEE4FA45" bold="true" box="[151,277,1447,1469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Plantar view of feet showing differences in distal lateral expansion of toes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFB9077BAFBA7FA44" bold="true" box="[1074,1110,1446,1469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFBFC77B4FAB1FA44" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[1118,1344,1447,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFBFC77B4FAB1FA44" box="[1118,1344,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFEABA6EFAEB77BBFA6AFA45" box="[1353,1435,1447,1468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFAEB77BBFA6AFA45" bold="true" box="[1353,1435,1447,1468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MZUTI 1466), and
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFECA77D9FE7BFA25" bold="true" box="[360,394,1477,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFE3277DBFE1BFA22" authorityName="Lynch & Burrowes" authorityYear="1990" box="[400,490,1477,1500]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFE3277DBFE1BFA22" box="[400,490,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">P. hectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IND-AN 1941, from Lynch & Burrowes 1990). Not drawn to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFEABA6EFF657414FC78F900" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEABA6EFF657414FC78F900" blockId="5.[151,1436,1544,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFF657414FE80F9D8" bold="true" box="[199,369,1544,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFED97415FD87F9D8" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[379,630,1544,1569]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFED97415FD87F9D8" box="[379,630,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFEABA6EFC357415FC36F9D8" box="[919,967,1545,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Reserva Las Gralarias (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFEABA6EFAE47414FA7AF9D8" box="[1350,1419,1544,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionTargetBox="[246,1295,249,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[230,1356,193,1285]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pristimantis gralarias sp. nov. in life, holotype, MZUTI 1466." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612272/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F801FFEABA6EFF357430FE85F9BC" box="[151,372,1580,1605]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467673FFEABA6EFE207430FE13F9BC" box="[386,482,1580,1605]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Given that the cloud forests of northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467673FFEABA6EFC507430FBBEF9BC" box="[1010,1103,1580,1605]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
are relatively well-known in terms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFEA2744DFE78F991" box="[256,393,1617,1640]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFEA2744DFE78F991" box="[256,393,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
diversity (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFEABA6EFD94744CFC90F990" author="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E." box="[566,865,1616,1641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref5349" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Special Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFEABA6EFCD2744DFBA0F990" author="Arteaga, A. & Bustamante, L. & Guayasamin, J. M." box="[880,1105,1616,1641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" refId="ref4135" refString="Arteaga, A., Bustamante, L. & Guayasamin, J. M. (2013) Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo: Life in the Coudforest. 1 st Edition. Universidad Tecnologica Indoamerica, Quito, 258 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Arteaga
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFC70744DFBFFF990" box="[978,1038,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and that the new species is extremely rare at its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFEABA6EFE3C7469FE3FF974" box="[414,462,1653,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality—despite intensive fieldwork (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFEABA6EFC077468FB3CF974" author="Guayasamin, J. M. & Mendoza, A. M. & Longo, A. V. & Zamudio, Z. & Bonaccorso, E." box="[933,1229,1652,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="33 - 44" refId="ref4684" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Mendoza, A. M., Longo, A. V., Zamudio, Z. & Bonaccorso, E. (2014) High prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in an Andean frog community (Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 8, 33 - 44." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFBE07469FB72F974" box="[1090,1155,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFEABA6EFA8D7469FE93F948" author="Hutter, C. R. & Guayasamin, J. M." pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref5017" refString="Hutter, C. R. & Guayasamin, J. M. (2015) Cryptic diversity concealed in the Andean cloud forests: two new species of rainfrogs (Pristimantis) uncovered by molecular and bioacoustic data. Neotropical Biodiversity, 1, 36 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2015.1100376" type="journal article" year="2015">Hutter & Guayasamin 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFDB47485FCFFF948" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[534,782,1688,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFDB47485FCFFF948" box="[534,782,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Critically Endangered, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFEABA6EFB0D7485FAB4F948" author="IUCN" box="[1199,1349,1689,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" refId="ref5140" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Fersion 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge." type="book" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria B2a (known to exist from a single locality) and B2biii (continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFEABA6EFD8874FCFC8CF900" author="Palacios-Gonzalez, M. & Bonaccorso, E." box="[554,893,1760,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="562 - 574" refId="ref5631" refString="Palacios-Gonzalez, M., Bonaccorso, E. & Pape s, M. (2015) Applications of geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques to conservation of amphibians in northwestern Ecuador. Global Ecology and Conservation, 3, 562 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gecco. 2015.02.006" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Palacios-González
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFCA374FDFCC8F900" box="[769,825,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6568FFEABA6DFF657518FDFDFE9D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEABA6EFF657518FCBFF854" blockId="5.[151,1436,1544,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFF657518FEA0F8E4" bold="true" box="[199,337,1796,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFDE77518FD5CF8E4" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[581,685,1796,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFDE77518FD5CF8E4" box="[581,685,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a noun in apposition and refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8841FFEABA6EFB297519FB4AF8E4" box="[1163,1211,1797,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the new species, Reserva Las Gralarias (http://www.reservalasgralarias.com). We take pleasure in dedicating this species to the reserve and the team of people, led by Dr. Jane Lyons, for efforts on the conservation and research of Ecuadorian cloud forests. As the English common name for this species, we suggest Gralarias Rainfrog. As the common name in Spanish, we suggest Cutín de Las Gralarias.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36E3FFEABA6DFF6575A4FDFDFE9D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1544,2037]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFF6575A4FDE0F828" bold="true" box="[199,529,1976,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Evolutionary relationships:</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic inference shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFC0C75A5FB5BF828" authority="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter, 2018" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[942,1194,1976,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFC0C75A5FB5BF828" box="[942,1194,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pristimantis gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFB1675A4FAE0F828" bold="true" box="[1204,1297,1976,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216578AFFEABA6EFB1675A4FAE0F828" box="[1204,1297,1976,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is part of a clade composed, mostly, by species from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFEABA6EFD3275C1FD04F80D" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[656,757,2013,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFEABA6EFD3275C1FD04F80D" box="[656,757,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFEABA6EFCF175C0FC67F80C" box="[851,918,2012,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,804,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1437,801,1431]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of Pristimantis trimmed to show only the most closely related species to P. gralarias sp. nov. The full phylogeny is available from Guayasamin et al. (2007). Support values are presented as bootstraps and posterior probabilities. GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses. *Sample (WED 53004/KU 202419) previously identified as P. thymelensis, but that actually corresponds to P. myersi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specific relationships vary depending on the inference method; the Maximum Likelihood tree shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFC817285FC58FF49" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[803,937,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFC817285FC58FF49" box="[803,937,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to a clade formed by
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFAB47285FE3EFF2D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFAB47285FA88FF49" baseAuthorityName="Peracca" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1302,1401,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">P. festae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFA257285FF23FF2C" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1976" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">P. leoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFF7F72A1FEADFF2D" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[221,348,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">P. ocreatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFEC572A1FE3EFF2D" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[359,463,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">P. myersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFE9BA6DFE7C72A0FDD2FF2C" box="[478,547,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,804,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1437,801,1431]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of Pristimantis trimmed to show only the most closely related species to P. gralarias sp. nov. The full phylogeny is available from Guayasamin et al. (2007). Support values are presented as bootstraps and posterior probabilities. GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses. *Sample (WED 53004/KU 202419) previously identified as P. thymelensis, but that actually corresponds to P. myersi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612282/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the Bayesian tree infers a sister relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFAB572A1FA6AFF2C" authorityName="Guayasamin & Arteaga & Hutter" authorityYear="2018" box="[1303,1435,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gralarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFAB572A1FA6AFF2C" box="[1303,1435,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P. gralarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a clade composed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFE1A72FDFDC2FF01" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[440,563,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFE1A72FDFDC2FF01" box="[440,563,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P. ocreatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFDC972FDFD3CFF01" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[619,717,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFDC972FDFD3CFF01" box="[619,717,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These topological discrepancies are expected giving that clade support at this level is low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A66FFE9BA6DFE757318FDEFFEE4" box="[471,542,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,804,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1437,801,1431]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of Pristimantis trimmed to show only the most closely related species to P. gralarias sp. nov. The full phylogeny is available from Guayasamin et al. (2007). Support values are presented as bootstraps and posterior probabilities. GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses. *Sample (WED 53004/KU 202419) previously identified as P. thymelensis, but that actually corresponds to P. myersi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612282/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sample herein labelled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFC337319FC0BFEE5" baseAuthorityName="Goin and Cochran" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[913,1018,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFC337319FC0BFEE5" box="[913,1018,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WED 53004/KU 202419) has been misidentified in previous studies as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D60FFE9BA6DFD857335FD37FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[551,710,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thymelensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFD857335FD37FEB9" box="[551,710,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P. thymelensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFE9BA6DFCA2733BFC36FEB9" author="Zhang, P. & Liang, D. & Mao, R. L. & Hillis, D. M. & Wake, D. B. & Canatella, D. C." box="[768,967,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="1899 - 915" refId="ref6175" refString="Zhang, P., Liang, D., Mao, R. L., Hillis, D. M., Wake, D. B. & Canatella, D. C. (2013) Efficient sequencing of anuran mtDNAs and a mitogenomic exploration of the phylogeny and evolution of frogs. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 1899 - 915. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / mst 091" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFCEC7335FC74FEB9" box="[846,901,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFE9BA6DFC71733BFB68FEB9" author="Padial, J. M. & Grant, T. & Frost, D. R." box="[979,1177,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref5566" refString="Padial, J. M., Grant, T. & Frost, D. R. (2014) Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa, 3825 (1), 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3825.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Padial
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFBBD7335FBA6FEB9" box="[1055,1111,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFE9BA6DFB06733BFF22FE9D" author="Gonzalez-Duran, G. A. & Targino, M. & Rada, M. & Grant, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="42 - 47" refId="ref4497" refString="Gonzalez-Duran, G. A., Targino, M., Rada, M. & Grant, T. (2017) Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of the Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea), with the recognition of? a new species group in Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870. Zootaxa, 4243 (1), 42 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4243.1.2" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
González-Durán
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFAC67335FA6DFEB9" box="[1380,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B12FFE9BA6DFF7F7350FDF0FE9D" author="Rivera-Correa, M. & Jimenez, C. & Daza, J. M." box="[221,513,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="313 - 343" refId="ref5691" refString="Rivera-Correa, M., Jimenez, C. & Daza, J. M. (2017) Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae): molecular approach and description of a new polymorphic species. Zootaxa, 4242 (2), 313 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4242.2.6" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Rivera-Correa
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF1FFE9BA6DFE277351FE4CFE9C" box="[389,445,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |