323 lines
36 KiB
XML
323 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A18CCDE9FBFFA75BC5E582BD4D16E80E">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D50E1AE92376F30FACB6DD91BB93B6B">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1CF3C0E5E9D80698714A7D8DF2EB7038">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="331733158A65394F49C1751719EFDB8B">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF0C2F095D413AFCF2D567DB196EB752">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5395BEC3523F2247E77EAA90090EA6B">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9487CB6D9A98A41A43F20DF83F1A41B1">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="18C66CE35D7781F44EF1A12F94869A14">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="9A20B96E6B5C96791B8D3EE2941E7BA4">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D5FFF839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106982" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D5FFF839" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D5FFF839" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D5B2FCFC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D50DFD15" blockId="35.[151,564,681,741]" box="[151,564,681,707]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D50DFD15" bold="true" box="[151,564,681,707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D50DFD15" ID-CoL="3BZL3" authority="Pieper, 1884" authorityName="Pieper" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,564,681,707]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="simplex">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D50DFD15" bold="true" box="[151,564,681,707]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9CD60DE0D6ADFD15" bold="true" box="[151,404,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eudendrium simplex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9DDA0DE0D50DFD15" author="Pieper" box="[411,564,681,707]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Pieper, F. W. (1884) Erganzungen zu " Heller's Zoophyten etc. des adriatischen Meeres ". Zoologischer Anzeiger, 7, 148 - 152, 164 - 169, 185 - 188, 216 - 221." type="journal article" year="1884">Pieper, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9CD60D85D624FD32" blockId="35.[151,564,681,741]" box="[151,285,716,741]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFD5FF9A9CD60D85D7DCFD32" box="[151,229,716,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[504,1084,198,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[497,1091,195,1102]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 23. Eudendrium simplex: A, stem with two hydranths; B, blastostyle with male sporosacs; C, blastostyle (gonozooid) with developing female sporosacs and two encaupsuled embryos attached to pedicel (B, C same scale bar); D, undischarged nematocysts: microbasic and macrobasic euryteles (drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.1 mm; D, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242752/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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A–D
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9CD60C5DD5B2FCFC" blockId="35.[151,651,788,810]" box="[151,651,788,810]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9C830C5DD644FCFC" author="Schuchert" box="[194,381,788,810]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
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for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD5FF9A9CD60C1FD2ACFCB9" box="[151,1429,854,879]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9CD60C1FD2ACFCB9" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" box="[151,1429,854,879]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9CD60C1FD6B9FCB9" bold="true" box="[151,384,854,879]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 28 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD5FF9A9C860C33D4FAFA21" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860C33D3ADFC45" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" box="[199,1172,890,915]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860C33D66BFC45" bold="true" box="[199,338,890,915]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9E8A0C32D483FC45" author="Marques" box="[715,954,890,915]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Marques, A. C., Cantero, A. L. P. & Vervoort, W. (2000 a) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 252 (2), 197 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0952836900009936" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
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Marques
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9F750C35D455FC45" box="[820,876,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2000a
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9F870C33D3B0FC45" author="Schuchert" box="[966,1161,890,915]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860CD7D6E8FB59" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860CD7D60AFC61" bold="true" box="[199,307,926,951]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza simple as creeping; colonies erect, small, up to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFD5FF9A98660CD6D347FC60" box="[1063,1150,927,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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high; ramified stolons; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, unbranched or sparsely branched, perisarc annulated on origins of hydrocladia and at other irregular intervals; hydranths on annulated or corrugated pedicel; 16–27 filiform tentacles in one whorl. Gonophores as fixed sporosacs, on hydranths which conserve the tentacles, “females” (hermaphroditic) 2–5 per blastostyle, with curved and unbranched spadix, containing one egg and one or more masses of spermatogenic cells at summit between spadix and superficial ectoderm; males 1–4 per blastostyle, unreduced, 1–2 chambered, with no terminal nematocyst button.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860BD3D26BFAC9" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860BD3D602FB65" bold="true" box="[199,315,1178,1203]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cnidome.</emphasis>
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Holotrichous macrobasic euryteles (
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<date id="FFEF1008FFD5FF9A9EA30BD3D432FB65" box="[738,779,1178,1203]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1917-10">17x</date>
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7.5 to 23.5x10.5 µm) arranged in two whorls, one at the hypostome and the other one at the basal half of the hydranth; shaft long (8–10 times length of capsule) spirally coiled around the big axis, swollen distally to about double the width when discharged, armed with spirally arranged barbs; small heterotrichous microbasic euryteles (6.6x2.5 to 7.2
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<date id="FFEF1008FFD5FF9A9F8B0A4ED4DDFAC9" box="[970,996,1287,1311]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
x
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||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFD5FF9A9F990A4ED4DDFAC9" box="[984,996,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="3.0">3</quantity>
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</date>
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mm) on tentacles and ectoderm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860A63D56BFAB1" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860A63D65DFA95" bold="true" box="[199,356,1322,1347]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFD5FF9A9D6B0A63D666FA95" box="[298,351,1322,1347]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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Occurs in shallow waters, to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFD5FF9A9EF50A63D5C9FA94" box="[692,752,1322,1347]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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, mostly on
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9F320A63D368FA95" box="[883,1105,1322,1347]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9F320A63D368FA95" box="[883,1105,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98200A63D2AEFA95" author="Gili" box="[1121,1431,1322,1347]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gili, J. M. & Garcia-Rubies, A. (1985) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune d'hydropolipes de l'ile de Majorque. Anales de Biologia, Biologia Animal Series, 3 (1), 37 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Gili & García-Rubies 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9CD60A06D640FAB1" author="Boero" box="[151,377,1358,1383]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9DC40A07D57EFAB1" author="Schuchert" box="[389,583,1358,1383]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860A3BD217FA5D" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" box="[199,1326,1394,1419]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860A3BD678FA5D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1394,1419]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Substrate.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9D090A3BD51CFA5D" box="[328,549,1394,1419]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9D090A3BD51CFA5D" box="[328,549,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9E750A3BD5E2FA5D" box="[564,731,1394,1419]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="tuna">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9E750A3BD5E2FA5D" box="[564,731,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Halimeda tuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9EA80A3AD458FA5C" box="[745,865,1395,1418]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9EA80A3AD458FA5C" box="[745,865,1395,1418]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cystoseira</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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spp., other hydroids, barnacles, sponges.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860ADFD270FA79" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" box="[199,1353,1430,1455]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860ADFD66DFA79" bold="true" box="[199,340,1430,1455]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
Always present in the Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9F770ADED322FA79" author="Boero" box="[822,1051,1430,1455]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; De Vito 2006; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860AF3D4FAFA21" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860AF3D6FEFA05" bold="true" box="[199,455,1466,1491]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
In the western Mediterranean Sea, fertile colonies occur in summer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98B20AF2D7EAFA21" author="Boero" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), April–November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9DF50A97D5D0FA21" author="Gili" box="[436,745,1502,1527]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gili, J. M. & Garcia-Rubies, A. (1985) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune d'hydropolipes de l'ile de Majorque. Anales de Biologia, Biologia Animal Series, 3 (1), 37 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Gili & García-Rubies 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9EB40A97D48EFA21" author="Schuchert" box="[757,951,1502,1527]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD5FF9A9C86094BD663F97D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C86094BD7D7F9E9" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C86094BD659F9CD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1538,1563]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9E08094AD404F9CD" author="Marques" box="[585,829,1538,1563]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Marques, A. C., Cantero, A. L. P. & Vervoort, W. (2000 a) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 252 (2), 197 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0952836900009936" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9EF5094DD5D4F9CD" box="[692,749,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9FF5094DD4D7F9CD" box="[948,1006,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A987F094BD219F9CD" author="Gravili" box="[1086,1312,1538,1563]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A98D7094DD3F6F9CD" box="[1174,1231,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A996D094BD7DBF9E9" author="Schuchert" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C860903D663F97D" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C860903D68CF9B5" bold="true" box="[199,437,1610,1635]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Frequent but never abundant in the following localities: La Rotonda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98A80903D2B6F9B5" author="Presicce" box="[1257,1423,1610,1635]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Porto Cesareo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9D060927D57FF951" author="Faucci" box="[327,582,1646,1671]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98510927D3CDF951" author="Gravili" box="[1040,1268,1646,1671]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A98290926D39BF951" box="[1128,1186,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A99400927D7EAF97D" author="Piraino" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A991A0926D2ACF951" box="[1371,1429,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD5FF9A9C8609FFD7D7F8C1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C8609FFD7D7F8C1" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C8609FFD602F919" bold="true" box="[199,315,1718,1743]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FFD5FF9A9E6409FFD582F919" box="[549,699,1718,1743]" name="South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
are uncertain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9F3409FFD39EF919" author="Millard" box="[885,1191,1718,1743]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Millard, N. A. H. & Bouillon, J. (1974) A collection of hydroids from Mocambique, East Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 65 (1), 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1974">Millard & Bouillon 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98F909FFD26BF919" author="Millard" box="[1208,1362,1718,1743]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A99C509FED676F925" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="motzkossowskae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A99C509FED676F925" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E. motzkossowskae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). If present, the hermaphroditic sporosacs allow a certain identification of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A996B0993D7DBF8C1" author="Schuchert" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD5FF9A9C86086BD5FFF839" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD5FF9A9C86086BD5FFF839" blockId="35.[151,1437,854,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9C86086BD669F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,336,1826,1851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9D1D086BD541F8ED" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[348,632,1826,1851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1905) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. I. - Hydraires Gymnoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 4, 3, 39 - 98." type="journal article" year="1905">Motz-Kossowska (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9EE8086DD41DF8ED" ID-CoL="3BZL3" box="[681,804,1826,1851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9EE8086DD41DF8ED" box="[681,804,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9F79086BD4DFF8ED" author="Picard" box="[824,998,1826,1851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9FB6086BD20FF8ED" author="Millard" box="[1015,1334,1826,1851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Millard, N. A. H. & Bouillon, J. (1974) A collection of hydroids from Mocambique, East Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 65 (1), 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1974">Millard & Bouillon (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9909086BD7DAF889" author="Millard" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9CAE080ED6B5F889" author="Boero" box="[239,396,1862,1887]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero (1981a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9DD1080FD699F889" author="Boero" box="[400,416,1862,1887]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Boero, F. (1981 b) Bathimetric distribution of the epifauna of a Posidonia meadow of the Isle of Ischia (Naples): Hydroids. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 27 (2), 197 - 198." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9DBF080ED516F889" box="[510,559,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1985),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9ED5080ED4BEF889" author="Boero" box="[660,903,1862,1887]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gili (1986),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A985C080FD3D7F889" author="Llobet" box="[1053,1262,1862,1887]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Llobet
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A982D080ED3A4F889" box="[1132,1181,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98B8080ED20DF889" author="Llobet" box="[1273,1332,1863,1887]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), García-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9CD60823D601F855" author="Rubies" box="[151,312,1898,1923]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Garcia-Rubies, A. (1987) Distribution of epiphytic hydroids on Posidonia sea grass. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F. & Cornelius, P. F. S. (Eds.), Modern trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 143 - 155. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400052255" type="book chapter" year="1987">Rubies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Llobet i Nidal (1987),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9E020823D412F855" author="Marinopoulos" box="[579,811,1898,1923]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Marinopoulos, J. (1990) Le genre Eudendrium (Cnidaria): revision des especes mediterraneennes. Rapports et Proces Verbaux des Reunions, Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 32 (1), 311." type="journal article" year="1990">Marinopoulos (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9F760822D44AF855" author="Marinopoulos" box="[823,883,1899,1923]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Marinopoulos, J. (1992) Contribution a l'etude du genre Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) de la Mediterranee: taxonomie et phylogenie. In: Bellan, D. (Ed.), Speciation et biogeographie en mer Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, N ° Special 9, pp. 53 - 66." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9FC70823D239F855" author="Medel" box="[902,1280,1898,1923]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A994D0823D7DAF871" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A99250825D2A5F855" box="[1380,1436,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9CB708C7D537F871" author="Faucci" box="[246,526,1934,1959]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD5FF9A9E2B08C6D47EF871" ID-CoL="3BZKC" box="[618,839,1934,1959]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="motzkossowskae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9E2B08C6D47EF871" box="[618,839,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E. motzkossowskae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9F1D08C6D348F871" box="[860,1137,1934,1959]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Marques, A. C., Cantero, A. L. P. & Vervoort, W. (2000 a) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 252 (2), 197 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0952836900009936" type="journal article">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9F8D08C6D332F871" box="[972,1035,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A98C508C6D655F81D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9DAD08FDD512F81D" box="[492,555,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A985B08FBD222F81D" box="[1050,1307,1970,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A983708FDD38DF81D" box="[1142,1204,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A996D08FBD7CBF839" author="Schuchert" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9CBC089FD6EBF839" box="[253,466,2006,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article">
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Morri
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9D07089ED64EF839" box="[326,375,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
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. (2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD5FF9A9D9C089FD5FBF839" box="[477,706,2006,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
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Piraino
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD5FF9A9E74089ED554F839" box="[565,621,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |