plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/F8/87/03F887DEFF61FF209CD60AE1D253FCEE.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

512 lines
66 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="8C329D55C8903DB36E1D9200EA3EE46C" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano &amp; Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFF61FF209CD60AE1D253FCEE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Obelia dichotoma Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3729D82D873DA168E815861533A42E25" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6B5BD9E9844DD8558E1EB3A4573FEA8F">
<mods:title id="E08FA851C2FDD98009E8178343133153">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="014BB3ADC0E3986BF05835ABF5E57DB1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="39858CD09DCD2E5C1A95BDF05BFE991D">
<mods:roleTerm id="C5E4E6EDC65A37702311FFF0F871B9B0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F44B19A27B11B39F17DF06C1561EB5BB">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="717FC1D34AE9D02192DE03138D2F4610" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1323923FBD8559F32F8500DA62D230DA">
<mods:roleTerm id="8877DEE7F6923E64C550C3B3AA47DF09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7F6FF0B211096AD8E52C0B8C97B94EB0">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1726B8EC4E549141D7537152A6578CE1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EBC50E85FA7ED2F2BE7981A78C9EE1D9">
<mods:roleTerm id="A34F392A13FA17CA9444B9DC7AECA28D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A5FB30A15AB6E3E06A5E91B989AF2AF3">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9806A110676ED21FBAB5CAD0CDCCDC8B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3E2576FFD17E7697989DD461031A1D04">
<mods:roleTerm id="B105704936AE4F5D43F1310D1E0E390B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2782F1502DB2973DF67D71D75EEBBF9C">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2A782827C95041A8C3258845B2126256" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B866597B5772238F05B7E78B424EA7C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="BA3D0D7B7497512731482B16233DC47B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2E11B505615D04BFC292BEEFE318C0A5">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="979449CDC521F713BAB254BDA499A73D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="997C5E5CADEBEDE64E36C6631AAEDD0A">
<mods:roleTerm id="164B0CFBAB2669BA6369657C613FE54E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DA1B370855D5C7EB12359D443739CA85">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9A589037764CE29597223A978F9819C0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0B9403BC3C9433F9123EA423C832DF73" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E8E41B6EAE0EC759F9F2CAFB16715CC7">
<mods:title id="0B64334D7FF2CD726114A219E3423CBB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1BD56E0F13BB7F100EBB7989E0E6E8B6">
<mods:date id="FB81918E2FAF1469EDAAB0469E723C4A">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BCC22C3D5B00FC338847CE043E1C4047" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E6E8A70E7A3D29A11D7E3C70BCB4C563">3908</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CC5B315A661244C95A1385A2E9D5AF1F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="ED24C6BEBB8CC50CE91F33C6C9BD7FA0">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BB4FE9011261818DDDDB2C429AD13DA1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="99C80A741AED0FD36FEEA6CC22351DC8">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="999C0F5BE2E85D15A2D0AF49340B70F7">187</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="4CD8BF57A5074ADE38107761A538395D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="015579DE1509BBFBBB7F9B1BF5C3706C" type="CLB-Dataset">42365</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D93103320EE16AE38F92E1F50C2E77F5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="81DEC970ED0217109F7AF4434B5E6904" type="GBIF-Dataset">6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BDDA93A18EFF12F6C3C9F2D925F4F353" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="909D26E746F7008DF5A6DD34131F4857" type="Zenodo-Dep">242729</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9F4B102D7996969F23DA38B9725D1D48" type="ZooBank">D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F887DEFF61FF209CD60AE1D253FCEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFF61FF209CD60AE1D253FCEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFF61FF209CD60AE1D253FCEE" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9CD60AE1D443F9FE" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9CD60AE1D57DFA14" blockId="151.[151,580,1448,1507]" box="[151,580,1448,1474]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="D0A681A4FF61FF2E9CD60AE1D57DFA14" bold="true" box="[151,580,1448,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF61FF2E9CD60AE1D57DFA14" ID-CoL="488XW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,580,1448,1474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9CD60AE1D57DFA14" bold="true" box="[151,580,1448,1474]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9CD60AE1D654FA14" bold="true" box="[151,365,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Obelia dichotoma</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9CD60A83D613FA35" blockId="151.[151,580,1448,1507]" box="[151,298,1482,1507]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFF61FF2E9CD60A83D7CBFA35" box="[151,242,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="152.[151,250,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[431,1159,201,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@152.[422,1164,193,1056]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 108. Obelia dichotoma: A, general aspect of a colony; B, detail of hydrocladial ramifications; C, detail of hydrotheca and gonotheca; D, medusa (drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: B, 1.0 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242837/files/figure.png" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
A–D
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9CD6095BD443F9FE" blockId="151.[151,890,1554,1576]" box="[151,890,1554,1576]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9C83095AD555F9FE" box="[194,620,1554,1576]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
for a complete synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9CD6091CD59AF944" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9CD6091CD59AF944" blockId="151.[151,1436,1621,2006]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9CD6091CD6B9F9B8" bold="true" box="[151,384,1621,1646]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Material examined.</emphasis>
HCUS-S 115p and HCUS-S
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF61FF2E9E86091CD43FF9B8" box="[711,774,1621,1646]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="115.0">115m</quantity>
(Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp and medusa stages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF219C8609D4D22AF8E4" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C8609D4D277F960" blockId="151.[151,1436,1621,2006]" box="[199,1358,1693,1718]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C8609D4D668F960" bold="true" box="[199,337,1693,1718]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Description</emphasis>
(based on our own observations;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9E8A09D4D457F960" author="Stechow" box="[715,878,1693,1718]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauersche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abeilung fur Systematik, 42 (1), 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow 1919</bibRefCitation>
; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E98D009D4D27BF960" author="Cornelius" box="[1169,1346,1693,1718]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860988D508F800" blockId="151.[151,1436,1621,2006]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860988D60AF90C" bold="true" box="[199,307,1729,1754]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Hydroid.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza as creeping stolon system; colonies erect, very varied in size and shape; hydrocauli monosiphonic, up to
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF61FF2E9DC409ACD6F3F92B" box="[389,458,1765,1790]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
high, branched, flexuose to straight, thickened in old colonies, internodes with several annuli at their base, perisarc of older tubes usually conspicuously darker than those of younger tubes; hydrothecae bell-shaped, usually not very deep, thin walled, borne alternately and laterally on completely annulated pedicels at the upper part of the internodes, rim even to crenate, slightly flaring, diaphragm transverse to oblique. Colours: in preserved specimens horn-coloured to dark red-brown; perisarc of older tubes usually conspicuously darker than those of younger tubes. Gonothecae usually inverted-conical on annulated pedicels, truncated at the distal end, mature ones with a short distal neck.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2E6640FF6EFF219CD60B7CD377FBBC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242837/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" targetBox="[431,1159,201,1049]" targetPageId="152">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219CD60B7CD377FBBC" blockId="152.[151,1436,1077,1130]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219CD60B7CD615FB9D" bold="true" box="[151,300,1077,1099]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 108.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6EFF219D700B7CD6DEFB9D" box="[305,487,1077,1099]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219D700B7CD6DEFB9D" box="[305,487,1077,1099]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Obelia dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219DB50B7FD53FFB9D" bold="true" box="[500,518,1078,1099]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
, general aspect of a colony;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219F670B7FD40EFB9D" bold="true" box="[806,823,1078,1099]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
, detail of hydrocladial ramifications;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2198F50B7CD3FFFB9D" bold="true" box="[1204,1222,1077,1099]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
, detail of hydrotheca and gonotheca;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219D760B1CD670FBBC" bold="true" box="[311,329,1109,1130]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
, medusa (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: B, 1.0 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C860BD8D5D2FB24" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C860BD8D65DFB7C" bold="true" box="[199,356,1169,1194]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
Habitat
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF6EFF219D6B0BD8D666FB7C" box="[298,351,1169,1194]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Eurybathic species that in the Mediterranean has been found from the tidal level to about
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF6EFF2199140BDBD2A5FB7F" box="[1365,1436,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
depth (García
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219D7D0BFFD6C2FB18" author="Carrascosa" box="[316,507,1206,1230]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Garcia-Carrascosa, A. M. (1981) Hidrozoos tecados (Hydrozoa Calyptoblastea) del litoral mediterraneo espanol: faunistica, ecologia, bionomia bentonica y biogeografia. Tesis Doctoral Universidad Valencia, 464 pp." type="book" year="1981">Carrascosa 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E480BFFD5CBFB18" author="Boero" box="[521,754,1205,1230]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Hydroid stage recorded in water from normal salinity down to 12‰ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E6D0B90D5E7FB24" author="Cornelius" box="[556,734,1241,1266]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C860BB4D3D7FAEC" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C860BB4D678FAC0" bold="true" box="[199,321,1277,1302]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Substrate.</emphasis>
Epibiontic on other hydroids,
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6EFF219EA00BB7D414FAC3" box="[737,813,1278,1301]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219EA00BB7D414FAC3" box="[737,813,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Pecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, algae, mussels, bryozoans, ascidians, barnacles, phanerogams, Crustacea, gorgonaceans, worm-tubes, sponge, rock and on recuperated instruments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C860A0CD5DCFA54" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C860A0CD66DFA88" bold="true" box="[199,340,1349,1374]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Seasonality.</emphasis>
Present all the year (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E000A0FD41FFA88" author="Boero" box="[577,806,1349,1374]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F730A0CD4C4FA88" author="Llobet" box="[818,1021,1349,1374]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. &amp; Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">
Llobet
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219FC30A0FD482FA88" box="[898,955,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
; De Vito 2006; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2198AC0A0FD21CFA88" box="[1261,1317,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009; this study) in several localities of the Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C860AC4D648F9A8" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C860AC4D6FCFA70" bold="true" box="[199,453,1421,1446]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
January and February (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E900AC4D463FA70" author="Broch" box="[721,858,1421,1446]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F260AC7D374FA70" author="Boero" box="[871,1101,1421,1446]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2199520AC7D275FA70" box="[1299,1356,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), March (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219CAE0AFBD6ECFA1C" author="Boero" box="[239,469,1457,1482]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219ED90AFAD5E9FA1C" box="[664,720,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), April (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F300AF8D32CFA1C" author="Stechow" box="[881,1045,1457,1482]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauersche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abeilung fur Systematik, 42 (1), 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow 1919</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2198600AF8D391FA1C" author="Broch" box="[1057,1192,1457,1482]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2198F50AFBD2AEFA1C" author="Boero" box="[1204,1431,1457,1482]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219D0D0A9FD6BAFA38" box="[332,387,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), May (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E580A9FD5C2FA38" author="Boero" box="[537,763,1493,1518]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219F050A9FD442FA38" box="[836,891,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), June (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2198500A9CD3A0FA38" author="Broch" box="[1041,1177,1493,1518]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2198A00A9FD220FA38" box="[1249,1305,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), July (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219CDF0AB0D611F9C4" author="Broch" box="[158,296,1529,1554]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219D740AB3D43FF9C4" author="Pena" box="[309,774,1530,1554]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
), September (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219FE30AB0D315F9C4" author="Broch" box="[930,1068,1529,1554]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
; Morri &amp; Bianchi 1999; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2199C90AB2D78DF9E0" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), November (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219DD60954D51BF9E0" author="Broch" box="[407,546,1565,1590]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E710957D423F9E0" author="Boero" box="[560,794,1565,1590]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F680954D4FAF9E0" author="Denitto" box="[809,963,1565,1590]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
), December (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF21981C0954D3D1F9E0" author="Broch" box="[1117,1256,1565,1590]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">Broch 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2198B60957D7EAF98C" author="Boero" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219D2F0908D532F98C" author="Denitto" box="[366,523,1601,1626]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219E25090AD59DF98C" box="[612,676,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009), and January–August (De Vito 2006; this study) in the Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C8609C0D35DF8D8" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C8609C0D614F974" bold="true" box="[199,301,1673,1698]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Medusa.</emphasis>
Umbrella circular, flat, 2.5–
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF6EFF219E2F09C0D596F977" box="[622,687,1673,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
wide, mesoglea very thin; without gastric peduncle; mouth with 4 simple lips; 4 radial canals; gonads spherical to ovoid, sac-like, hanging from middle to end of the radial canals; numerous short, chordal, not extensile marginal tentacles with short endodermal roots extending into bell mesoglea; 8 statocysts situated on underside of basal bulbs of some marginal tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C860850D22AF8E4" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" box="[199,1299,1817,1846]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C860850D602F8E4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1817,1842]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Cnidome.</emphasis>
b-mastigophores 2
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF6EFF219E590853D56AF8E4" box="[536,595,1818,1842]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">types</typeStatus>
(polyp); isorhiza haploneme, the ‘I D -' and ‘I d ’
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF6EFF2198200853D3A5F8E4" box="[1121,1180,1818,1842]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">types</typeStatus>
(medusa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF6EFF209C860809D7D9FF02" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF219C860809D33EF8AB" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C860809D659F88F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1856,1881]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F6A0809D3A8F88F" author="Medel" box="[811,1169,1856,1881]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2198DD0809D262F88F" author="Schuchert" box="[1180,1371,1856,1881]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Schuchert 2001a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2199270808D51BF8AB" author="Pena" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219ED7082FD5F6F8AB" box="[662,719,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2004;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F5D082DD4C2F8AB" author="Gravili" box="[796,1019,1892,1917]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219F32082FD49DF8AB" box="[883,932,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
. 2008a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6EFF209C8608C1D7D9FF02" blockId="152.[151,1436,1169,2025]" lastBlockId="153.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219C8608C1D68AF877" bold="true" box="[199,435,1928,1953]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
Common at:
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6EFF219E1208C1D59DF877" box="[595,676,1928,1953]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="152" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marina">Marina</taxonomicName>
di Corsano, Torre Vado, Ponte del Ciolo (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2198CC08C1D20BF877" author="Presicce" box="[1165,1330,1928,1953]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce 1991</bibRefCitation>
); Gulf of Taranto, Brindisi (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219D2408E5D6C7F813" author="Denitto" box="[357,510,1964,1989]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E4A08E5D5C0F813" author="Miglietta" box="[523,761,1964,1989]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219E3B08E7D58DF813" box="[634,692,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
); Otranto (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219F3308E5D335F813" author="Denitto" box="[882,1036,1964,1989]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF21985808E5D23DF813" author="Miglietta" box="[1049,1284,1964,1989]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2198C608E7D383F813" box="[1159,1210,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF21995008E5D7CEF83F" author="Fraschetti" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Fraschetti, S., Giangrande, A., Terlizzi, A., Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L. &amp; Boero, F. (2002) Spatio-temporal variation of hydroids and polychaetes associated with Cystoseira amentacea (Fucales: Phaeophyceae). Marine Biology, 140 (5), 949 - 957. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 001 - 0770 - 9" type="journal article" year="2002">
Fraschetti
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF2199C908E7D794F83F" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF219E0E0899D40BF83F" author="Gravili" box="[591,818,2000,2025]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6EFF219EE60898D5E3F83F" box="[679,730,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
. 2008a
</bibRefCitation>
; this study); La Strea, Porto Cesareo (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6EFF2098A50899D7EDFF66" author="Faucci" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refString="Faucci, A. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci &amp; Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
); Costa Merlata (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209DD80FDED5A8FF66" author="Fraschetti" box="[409,657,151,176]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Fraschetti, S., Giangrande, A., Terlizzi, A., Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L. &amp; Boero, F. (2002) Spatio-temporal variation of hydroids and polychaetes associated with Cystoseira amentacea (Fucales: Phaeophyceae). Marine Biology, 140 (5), 949 - 957. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 001 - 0770 - 9" type="journal article" year="2002">
Fraschetti
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209E520FD0D57FFF66" box="[531,582,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209EDE0FDED46BFF66" author="Andreano" box="[671,850,151,176]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Andreano, F. (2007) Identificazione degli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) nella fascia batimetrica dei 0 - 5 m. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, University of Salento, 152 pp." type="book" year="2007">Andreano 2007</bibRefCitation>
); Other Apulian records: Gargano (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098A90FDED7EDFF02" author="Fraschetti" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Fraschetti, S., Giangrande, A., Terlizzi, A., Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L. &amp; Boero, F. (2002) Spatio-temporal variation of hydroids and polychaetes associated with Cystoseira amentacea (Fucales: Phaeophyceae). Marine Biology, 140 (5), 949 - 957. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 001 - 0770 - 9" type="journal article" year="2002">
Fraschetti
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF2099230FD0D2ADFF66" box="[1378,1428,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF6FFF209C860F96D590FE7B" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6FFF209C860F96D590FE7B" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209C860F96D602FF2E" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
The whole cycle was examined in the present study.
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6FFF209FBB0FA9D3A4FF2E" box="[1018,1181,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209FBB0FA9D3A4FF2E" box="[1018,1181,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">O. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is among the most phenotypically varied of all hydroids; however one of the nematocyst
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF6FFF209FF60E4CD4CBFECB" box="[951,1010,261,285]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">types</typeStatus>
is diagnostic of the species, which is especially useful in distinguishing it from the somewhat similar
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6FFF209F280E61D33CFE96" box="[873,1029,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209F280E61D33CFE96" box="[873,1029,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">O. longissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for details see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098F90E6ED26BFE96" author="Ostman" box="[1208,1362,295,320]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Ostman, C. (1982) Nematocysts and taxonomy in Laomedea, Gonothyraea and Obelia (Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae). Zoologica Scripta, 11 (4), 227 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1982. tb 00536. x" type="journal article" year="1982">Östman 1982</bibRefCitation>
, 1987, 1999;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209C9E0E05D6A9FEB3" author="Cornelius" box="[223,400,332,357]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995</bibRefCitation>
). The medusae of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6FFF209E230E05D596FEB3" box="[610,687,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209E230E05D596FEB3" box="[610,687,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Obelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not distinguishable at the species level, whereas they are very distinct from all other hydromedusae (Boero
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209EE70E38D5DBFE5E" box="[678,738,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
1996). Boero
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209FCF0E38D4E8FE5E" box="[910,977,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et. al.</emphasis>
(2007) showed that the medusae of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6FFF2099C00E39D634FE7B" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF2099C00E39D634FE7B" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">O. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are active filter feeders of microbes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF6FFF209C860EFED253FCEE" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF6FFF209C860EFED253FCEE" blockId="153.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209C860EFED669FE06" bold="true" box="[199,336,439,464]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">References.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6FFF209D190EFED534FE06" ID-CoL="8489M" box="[344,525,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="153" pageNumber="129" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cavolini">Cavolini (1785)</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E5A0EFED5E4FE06" author="Schneider" box="[539,733,439,464]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Schneider, K. C. (1898) Hydropolypen von Rovigno, nebst Uebersicht uber das System des Hydropolypen im Allgemein. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 10 (4), 472 - 555." type="journal article" year="1898">Schneider (1898)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF6FFF209F440EFED3CBFE06" authority="Babic" authorityName="Babic" authorityYear="1910" box="[773,1266,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plicata">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209F440EFED4C6FE06" box="[773,1023,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Campanularia plicata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF20984F0EFED3A5FE06" author="Babic" box="[1038,1180,439,464]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Babic, K. (1910) Prilog Fauna Jadranskoga mora. Rad Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti. Zagreb, 183, 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1910">Babic (1910</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098E90EFED3CBFE06" author="Babic" box="[1192,1266,439,464]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Babic, K. (1913 b) Bemerkungen zu den Zwei in der Adria vorkommenden thecaphoren Hydroiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 43, 284 - 288." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">1913b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2099460EFED2A1FE06" author="Broch" box="[1287,1432,439,464]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Broch, H. (1912) Hydroidenuntersuchungen. Vergleichende Studien an Adriatischen hydroiden. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 1, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1912">Broch (1912</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CD60E95D7EBFE22" author="Broch" box="[151,210,476,500]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CA90E95D6A4FE22" author="Stechow" box="[232,413,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauersche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abeilung fur Systematik, 42 (1), 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow (1919)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209DEB0E94D574FE22" author="Vatova" box="[426,589,476,500]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Vatova, A. (1928) Compendio della Flora et Fauna del Mare Adriatico presso Rovigno con la distribuzione geografica delle specie bentoniche. Memorie del Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 143, 1 - 614." type="journal article" year="1928">Vatova (1928)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E1B0E95D5C6FE22" author="Leloup" box="[602,767,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Leloup, E. (1934) Note sur les hydropolypes de la rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer (France). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 10 (31), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1934">Leloup (1934)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209F4D0E95D496FE23" author="Billard" box="[780,943,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Billard, A. (1936) Les fonds de peche pres d'Alexandrie. VI. Hydroidea. Notes and Memoires Ministere du Commerce et de l'Industrie, Egypte, 13, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1936">Billard (1936)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209FFC0E95D364FE23" author="Picard" box="[957,1117,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Picard, J. (1951 a) Les hydraires des formations coralligenes des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (2), 255 - 261." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF20982B0E95D39DFE23" author="Picard" box="[1130,1188,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Picard, J. (1952) Les Hydrozoaires des herbiers de Zosteracees des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (Supplement), 217 - 233." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098F00E95D3D5FE23" author="Picard" box="[1201,1260,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">1958</bibRefCitation>
a),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF20994E0E95D2A1FE23" author="Riedl" box="[1295,1432,476,501]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Riedl, R. (1959) Die Hydroiden des Golfes von Neapel und ihr Anteil an der Fauna unterseeischen Hohlen. In: Ergebnisse der osterreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952, Teil xvi. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 30 (supplement), pp. 591 - 755." type="journal article" year="1959">Riedl (1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CD60EB6D7EAFDCE" author="Riedl" box="[151,211,511,536]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Riedl, R. (1966) Biologie der Meereshohlen. Blackwell Wissensch, 636 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19680530208" type="book" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CA70EB6D649FDCE" author="Rossi" box="[230,368,511,536]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Rossi, L. (1961) Idroidi viventi sulle scogliere del promontorio di Portofino (Golfo di Genova). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 72, 68 - 85." type="journal article" year="1961">Rossi (1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D3D0D49D68EFDCE" author="Rossi" box="[380,439,512,536]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Rossi, L. (1971) Guida a Cnidari e Ctenofori d'Italia. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 2, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D8D0D49D573FDCE" author="Fey" box="[460,586,512,536]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Fey, A. (1970) Peuplements sessiles de l'archipel de Glenan. 1. - Inventaire: hydraires. Vie Milieu, B 20 (2), 387 - 414." type="journal article" year="1970">Fey (1970)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E170EB6D43EFDCE" author="Schmidt" box="[598,775,511,536]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Schmidt, H. E. (1973) Biogeographical problems of the Red Sea area exemplified by hydroids. In: Zeitschel, B. &amp; Gerlach, S. A. (Eds.), The Biology of the Indian Ocean. Ecological studies, Analysis and Synthesis, 3, pp. 283 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 65468 - 8 _ 22" type="journal article" year="1973">Schmidt (1973)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209F550EB6D217FDCE" box="[788,1326,511,536]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Chimenz Gusso, C. &amp; Rivosecchi Taramelli, E. (1975) Idroidi del porto di Civitavecchia. Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia, 30 (1), 111 - 125." type="journal article">Chimenz Gusso &amp; Rivosecchi Taramelli (1975)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF20997B0EB6D652FDEB" author="Relini" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Relini, G. &amp; Romairone, V. (1976) Cicli di insediamento del fouling in condotte di un impianto di raffreddamento, in cui circola acqua di mare trattata con cloro. Archivio di Oceanografia e Limnologia, 18 (supplement 3), 231 - 256." type="journal article" year="1976">Relini &amp; Romairone (1976)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D3D0D6DD58FFDEA" author="Montanari" box="[380,694,548,573]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Montanari, M. &amp; Morri, C. (1977) Fouling di alcune piattiforme off-shore dei mari italiani: V. Gli Idroidi. Atti IX. Congresso della Societa Italiana di Biologia Marina, pp. 293 - 302." type="book chapter" year="1977">Montanari &amp; Morri (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E870D6CD484FDEA" box="[710,957,548,573]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Repetto, L., Montanari, M. &amp; Martini, F. (1977) Popolamenti di substrati artificiali posti su un fondo a coralligeno ed in una prateria di Posidonia. V: Idroidi. Atti del IX Congresso della Societa Italiana di Biologia Marina, Lacco Ameno d'Ischia, Napoli, 19 - 22 Maggio 1977, 415 - 425." type="journal article">
Repetto
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209F680D6CD45FFDEB" box="[809,870,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1977)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209F8F0D6DD355FDEB" author="Morri" box="[974,1132,548,573]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C. (1979 b) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Idrozoi lagunari italiani: Idropolipi di alcuni laghi costieri mediotirrenici. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova, 82, 163 - 171." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">Morri (1979b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF20983D0D6DD3FCFDEB" author="Morri" box="[1148,1221,548,573]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C. (1980 b) Osservazioni sugli idroidi raccolti nelle condotte della centrale termoelettrica di Torvaldaglia (Civitavecchia). Natura, 71 (1 - 2), 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="b">1980b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098950D6DD227FDEB" author="Morri" box="[1236,1310,548,573]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C. (1981 a) Les Hydraires de quelques milieux lagunaires italien (Italie continentale et Sardaigne). Rapports et Proces Verbaux des Reunions, Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 27 (4), 193 - 194." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">1981a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2099630D6DD20BFDEB" author="Morri" box="[1314,1330,548,573]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C. (1981 b) Idrozoi lagunari. Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque lagunari e costiere italiane. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, AQ / 1 / 94, 6, 1 - 105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19810660144" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
,c, 1985),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CD60D01D60CFDB6" author="Boero" box="[151,309,583,608]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero (1981a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D7B0D0ED673FDB6" author="Boero" box="[314,330,583,608]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Boero, F. (1981 b) Bathimetric distribution of the epifauna of a Posidonia meadow of the Isle of Ischia (Naples): Hydroids. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 27 (2), 197 - 198." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
), García
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209DF00D01D5B8FDB6" author="Carrascosa" box="[433,641,584,608]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Garcia-Carrascosa, A. M. (1981) Hidrozoos tecados (Hydrozoa Calyptoblastea) del litoral mediterraneo espanol: faunistica, ecologia, bionomia bentonica y biogeografia. Tesis Doctoral Universidad Valencia, 464 pp." type="book" year="1981">Carrascosa (1981)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209ECC0D0ED4A7FDB6" author="Morri" box="[653,926,583,608]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C. &amp; Martini, F. (1981) Gli idroidi della Laguna di Orbetello. In: Atti X. Congresso della Societa Italiana di Biologia Marina. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Tecnologia della Pesca, 3 (Supplement 1), pp. 305 - 313." type="journal article" year="1981">Morri &amp; Martini (1981)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209FEB0D0ED38DFDB6" author="Morri" box="[938,1204,583,608]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C. &amp; Bianchi, C. N. (1982) Contributo alla conoscenza degli idrozoi lagunari italiani: distribuzione di idropolipi lungo un gradiente ambientale nella laguna di Chioggia (Nord Adriatico). In: Atti XIV. Congresso della Societa Italiana di Biologia Marina. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova, 50 (supplement), pp. 270 - 274." type="journal article" year="1982">Morri &amp; Bianchi (1982</bibRefCitation>
, 1983, 1999), Boero
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209CD60D24D7E8FD53" box="[151,209,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1985),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D720D25D682FD53" author="Isasi" box="[307,443,620,645]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Isasi (Urdangarin), I. (1985) Fauna de Cnidarios bentonicos del abra de Bilbao. Memoria. Presentada para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Biologicas por Inigo Isasi Urdangarin. Universidad del pais Vasco. Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea. Facultad de Ciencias, Departemento de Biologia. Fauna of the benthic cnidarians of the Abra de Bilbao. Gratuation thesis, University of the Basque Country, 209 pp." type="book" year="1985">Isasi (1985)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D880D24D5F8FD53" author="Boero" box="[457,705,620,645]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E8E0D25D49FFD53" author="Llobet" box="[719,934,620,645]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. &amp; Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
Llobet
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209F610D24D463FD53" box="[800,858,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1986
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209FF20D25D4D7FD52" author="Llobet" box="[947,1006,620,644]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. &amp; Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098450D24D3AAFD53" author="Roca" box="[1028,1171,620,645]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Roca, I. (1986) Estudio de los Cnidarios Bentonicos de las aguas costeras de Mallorca. Tesis, Universitat de les illes Balears, Facultat de Ciencies, Palma de Mallorca, 32 pp." type="book" year="1986">Roca (1986)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098E10D25D2AEFD52" author="Garcia-Rubies" box="[1184,1431,620,645]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Garcia-Rubies, A. (1987) Distribution of epiphytic hydroids on Posidonia sea grass. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F. &amp; Cornelius, P. F. S. (Eds.), Modern trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 143 - 155. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400052255" type="book chapter" year="1987">García-Rubies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, Llobet i Nidal (1987),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209DDB0DC6D50DFD7E" author="Ramil" box="[410,564,655,680]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Ramil Blanco, F. J. (1988) Hidrozoos de Galicia. Memoria que, para optar al Grado de Doctor en Biologia, presenta D. Francisco Ramil Blanco. Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Santiago. Santiago de Compostela, 525 pp." type="book" year="1988">Ramil (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E030DC6D422FD7E" box="[578,795,655,680]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C., Bavestrello, G. &amp; Bianchi, C. N. (1991) Faunal and ecological notes on some benthic cnidarian species from the Tuscan Archipelago and eastern Ligurian Sea (western Mediterranean). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova, 54 - 55, 27 - 47." type="book chapter">
Morri
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209ECD0DD8D5FCFD7E" box="[652,709,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1991)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209F690DC6D31CFD7E" box="[808,1061,655,680]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Bianchi, C. N., Ceppodomo, I., Niccolai, I., Aliani, S., De Ranieri, S., Abbiati, M., Dell'amico F. &amp; Morri, C. (1993 b) Benthos dei Mari Toscani. II: Isola d'Elba-Montecristo (Crociera Enea 1986). In: Ferretti, O., Immordillo, F. &amp; Damiani, V. (Eds.), Archipelago Toscano. Studio oceanografico, sedimentologico, geochimico e biologico. ENEA, Roma, Serie Studi Ambientali, pp. 291 - 315." type="book chapter">
Bianchi
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209FC90DD8D4FBFD7E" box="[904,962,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1993b)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098720DD9D212FD7E" author="Boero" box="[1075,1323,655,680]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D210DFCD520FD1A" author="Vervoort" box="[352,537,692,716]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Report on hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) in the collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Tel- Aviv, Israel. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 67 (40), 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E680DFDD495FD1B" author="Medel" box="[553,940,692,717]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209FFA0DFDD354FD1B" author="Migotto" box="[955,1133,692,717]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, Morri &amp; Bianchi (1999),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CD60D9ED640FD26" box="[151,377,727,752]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. &amp; Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209CAF0D90D61FFD26" box="[238,294,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209DC40D9ED5B2FD26" author="Faucci" box="[389,651,727,752]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Faucci, A. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci &amp; Boero (2000)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209ED70D9ED48EFD26" author="Medel" box="[662,951,727,752]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 330, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209F830D9ED385FD26" box="[962,1212,727,752]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF2098710D90D351FD26" box="[1072,1128,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF2098860D9ED2AEFD26" author="Schuchert" box="[1223,1431,727,752]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Schuchert (2001a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CD60DB5D6A3FCC2" box="[151,410,764,789]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Fraschetti, S., Giangrande, A., Terlizzi, A., Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L. &amp; Boero, F. (2002) Spatio-temporal variation of hydroids and polychaetes associated with Cystoseira amentacea (Fucales: Phaeophyceae). Marine Biology, 140 (5), 949 - 957. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 001 - 0770 - 9" type="journal article">
Fraschetti
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209D4C0DB4D67FFCC3" box="[269,326,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209DE70DB4D4BDFCC2" box="[422,900,764,788]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209FBB0DB4D30AFCC3" box="[1018,1075,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209CAE0C56D6F8FCEE" box="[239,449,799,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Cinar, M. E., Katagan, T., Kocak, F., Ozturk, B., Ergen, Z., Kocatas, A., Onen, M., Kirkim, F., Bakir, K., Kurt, G., Dagli, E., Acik, S., Dogan, A. &amp; Ozcan, T. (2008) Faunal assemblages of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in and around Alsancak Harbour (Izmir Bay, eastern Mediterranean) with special emphasis on alien species. Journal of Marine Systems, 71 (1 - 2), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.05.004" type="journal article">
Cinar
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209D750C68D654FCEE" box="[308,365,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209D8D0C56D582FCEE" box="[460,699,799,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209E620C68D56DFCEE" box="[547,596,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
. (2008a)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF209E860C56D4A2FCEE" box="[711,923,799,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. &amp; Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article">
Morri
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209F4E0C68D47EFCEE" box="[783,839,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, Puce
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF209FA50C68D325FCEE" box="[996,1052,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2009),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF6FFF20983D0C56D25CFCEE" box="[1148,1381,799,824]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refString="Bianchi, C. N., Dando, P. R. &amp; Morri, C. (2011) Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 2 (1), 1 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 19475721.2011.565804" type="journal article">
Bianchi
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF6FFF20989B0C68D22BFCEE" box="[1242,1298,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink