530 lines
58 KiB
XML
530 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="DD36E6D999727EEBD1794A694A54AF6D" ID-DOI="10.1206/834.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378601" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630286103414" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peloso, Pedro L. V., Sturaro, Marcelo José, Forlani, Mauricio C., Gaucher, Philippe, Motta, Ana Paula & Wheeler, Ward C." docDate="2014" docId="03F8878E6F538430FF1DFC7470B0F9EB" docLanguage="en" docName="B386.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (386)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/834.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chiasmocleis antenori" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFC1FFF66F728415FFB0FFA6717EFC6F" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699214493222" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3B348615AB05DFFCD6039078767C9AA6">Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37B1A8CFDC1719297C32D04C445CC177">Peloso, Pedro L. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="807591DB295D45420CCB8FAE8388D0FF">Sturaro, Marcelo José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FCF7FD0CE704BA6CC54C53DDC574CF0">Forlani, Mauricio C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="471FFB792AB31836E70CC963BCD40A28">Gaucher, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="574E0FCAFF5701964703DB5C2D637710">Motta, Ana Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE4762CE7A67786D7F3A9751426EBD02">Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B977AF9E8ED37FAC4BB5DD66AB0E3AA8">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="55BEC15F06E59A1D5A799A8A08F0738A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD40214E19776DCB269BA9CDDCB6D760">2014-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BB14BBE6063B11A8B7E91F77855807D5">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/834.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="223DC8950BEBA2DE992B94C6E78BA783" type="DOI">10.1206/834.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="498EA4204A21BD837E69C9181E810728" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F8878E6F538430FF1DFC7470B0F9EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F8878E6F538430FF1DFC7470B0F9EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8878E6F538430FF1DFC7470B0F9EB" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C34B65136F538434FF1DFC74731EFF86" box="[173,608,978,1001]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FF1DFC74731EFF86" blockId="33.[173,608,978,1001]" box="[173,608,978,1001]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0A681F46F538434FF1DFC74731EFF86" box="[173,608,978,1001]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FF1DFC74731EFF86" ID-CoL="TYZS" authority="(Walker, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[173,608,978,1001]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FF1DFC7470D6FF87" box="[173,424,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F538434FE09FC757326FF86" author="Walker, C. F." box="[441,600,979,1001]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref51059" refString="Walker, C. F. 1973. A new genus and species of microhylid frog from Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 20: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1973">Walker, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B65136F538434FF30FBA6709CF87C" box="[128,482,1024,1043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FF30FBA6709CF87C" blockId="33.[128,482,1024,1043]" box="[128,482,1024,1043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FF30FBA670A3F87C" ID-CoL="53V78" authority=": (Walker, 1973)" authorityName=": (Walker" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[128,477,1024,1043]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Syncope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FF30FBA67051F87C" box="[128,303,1024,1043]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Syncope antenori</emphasis>
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: (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F538434FEF5FBA670A8F87C" author="Walker, C. F." box="[325,470,1024,1043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref51059" refString="Walker, C. F. 1973. A new genus and species of microhylid frog from Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 20: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1973">Walker, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2E66106F538434FEB1FB8A7372F82D" box="[257,524,1068,1090]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" startId="33.[257,334,1068,1090]">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FEB1FB8A7372F82D" blockId="33.[257,524,1068,1090]" box="[257,524,1068,1090]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Figure 17, plate 2A–D</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B65136F538434FF2CFBFF7332F931" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FF2CFBFF71BDF94D" blockId="33.[128,654,1113,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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<materialsCitation id="3B393CC56F538434FF2CFBFF71BDF94D" accessionNumber="KU 124009" collectionCode="KU" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54EA883A6F538434FF2CFBFF7062F800" box="[156,284,1113,1137]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED40AE5D6F538434FE89FBFD7018F81F" box="[313,358,1115,1136]" country="USA" name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="University or college">KU</collectionCode>
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124009; adult female, examined from photographs (fig. 17). Specimen well preserved, although a very large incision was made on the belly region. Color pattern only slightly discernible on the venter; cream venter with small whiteish spots.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FF2CFA8E7332F931" blockId="33.[128,654,1113,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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<collectionCode id="ED40AE5D6F538434FF2CFA8E7022F950" box="[156,348,1320,1344]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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: Puerto Libre, Río Aguarico,
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<quantity id="4CA99B7D6F538434FF0DFAEE7076F932" box="[189,264,1352,1374]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="570.0">570 m</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FEA6FAEE70ADF932" box="[278,467,1352,1374]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Provincia Napo</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676086F538434FE50FAEE7339F931" box="[480,583,1352,1374]" name="Ecuador" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B65136F538434FF2CFAC27578FEAF" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FF2CFAC27578FEAF" blockId="33.[128,654,1113,1759]" lastBlockId="33.[701,1228,536,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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DIAGNOSIS: A small species for the genus; SVL in females
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<quantity id="4CA99B7D6F538434FEEEFA22736EF9F6" box="[350,528,1412,1434]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="13.6" valueMin="12.4">12.4–13.6 mm</quantity>
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, no data collected for males. Body slender to slightly robust, snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. FI very much reduced without subarticular tubercle, tip slightly pointed; FII and FIII well developed with hardly visible subarticular tubercles on FIII, one on FII and two on FIII; FIV reduced but clearly visible, without subarticular tubercles; palmar tubercles not present; relative finger lengths I,IV,II,III. Four distinctive toes present; TI lost, TV reduced but clearly distinguishable; toes not webbed; tip of toes III–IV rounded with terminal discs present. Relative toe lengths II,V,III,IV. No dermal spines. No femoral stripe present. Venter (belly and undersurfaces of thighs) beige with small light spots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B65136F538434FD6AFD6075B2F8FA" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FD6AFD6075B2FF89" blockId="33.[701,1228,536,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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VARIATION: Despite adding several specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FCF1FD437537FE94" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[833,1097,741,764]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FCF1FD437537FE94" box="[833,1097,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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into the genetic analysis, the number of specimens analyzed for morphological characters is fairly limited, restricted to
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<specimenCount id="9D57FD116F538434FBA1FC9B75B2FF3C" box="[1041,1228,829,851]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">three paratypes</specimenCount>
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and a few specimens collected by P.L.V.P. in Serra do Divisor,
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<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FC3BFCDE72B8FFE2" box="[907,966,888,909]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Acre</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676086F538434FC60FCDE7567FFE1" box="[976,1049,888,910]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. The specimens from
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<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FCB4FC337245FFC5" box="[772,827,917,938]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Acre</collectingRegion>
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show variable amount of white spots on dorsum. Color of the iris color varies from golden to orange and red (see pl. 2A–D).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FD6AFC4D75B2F8FA" blockId="33.[701,1228,536,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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CALL AND TADPOLE: Call is unknown.
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FD0DFBAC72C9F84F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[701,951,1034,1057]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FD0DFBAC72C9F84F" box="[701,951,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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has endotrophic larvae developing inside terrestrial bromeliads (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F538434FB22FB8E72A7F834" author="Krugel, P. & S. Richter" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="955 - 963" refId="ref48618" refString="Krugel, P., and S. Richter. 1995. Syncope antenori - a bromeliad breeding frog with freeswimming, nonfeeding tadpoles (Anura, Microhylidae). Copeia 1995: 955 - 963." type="journal article" year="1995">Krügel and Richter, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). The tadpole was described in detail, including several developmental stages, by Krügel and Ritchter (1995).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F538437FD6AFB3D7344F96B" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538434FD6AFB3D7549F9F2" blockId="33.[701,1228,536,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
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REMARKS: This species is similar in color pattern and external morphology to
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FB32FB1C72F8F882" baseAuthorityName="Moravec and Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnova">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FB32FB1C72F8F882" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Chiasmocleis magnova</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs in having an external tympanum visible (not visible in
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FC80FAB47386F92A" authority=": Moravec and Kohler, 2007" authorityName=": Moravec and Kohler" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnova">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FC80FAB472BCF947" box="[816,962,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">C. magnova:</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F538434FC7CFAB47386F92A" author="Moravec, J. & J. Kohler" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="59 - 67" refId="ref49179" refString="Moravec, J., and J. Kohler. 2007. A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development. Zootaxa 1605: 59 - 67." type="journal article" year="2007">Moravec and Kohler, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), by its smaller size (maximum recorded SVL
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<quantity id="4CA99B7D6F538434FCB9FAEA72FEF90D" box="[777,896,1356,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.6 mm</quantity>
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||
, versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B7D6F538434FC49FAEB7513F90D" box="[1017,1133,1357,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="18.3">18.3 mm</quantity>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FB00FAEB725CF910" authorityName=": Moravec and Kohler" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnova">
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<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FB00FAEB725CF910" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">C. magnova</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
), and in having seven presacral vertebrae (eight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FC2DFA217558F9F2" authorityName=": Moravec and Kohler" authorityYear="2007" box="[925,1062,1415,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FC2DFA217558F9F2" box="[925,1062,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">C. magnova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F538437FD6BFA037336F8E2" blockId="33.[701,1228,536,1759]" lastBlockId="34.[93,620,1113,1553]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Phylogenetic analysis found two clades within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FCA1FA677573F9B7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[785,1037,1473,1496]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FCA1FA677573F9B7" box="[785,1037,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD116F538434FB21FA64724CF99A" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F538434FC2DFA79757EF99A" box="[925,1024,1503,1525]" name="Ecuador" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FB91FA7975F9F99A" box="[1057,1159,1503,1525]" country="Ecuador" name="Orellana" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Orellana</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FD0DFA5B7269FA7D" box="[701,791,1533,1554]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and the other with all of the syntopic samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F538434FC68F9BC7563FA5F" box="[984,1053,1562,1584]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a sample labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FC8BF99172B9FA22" authorityName="Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn" authorityYear="1997" box="[827,967,1590,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FC8BF99172B9FA22" box="[827,967,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">C. carvalhoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FC4CF99172D8FA05" authority="in de Sa et al., 2012" authorityName="in de Sa" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Syncope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FC4CF99175B2FA22" box="[1020,1228,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Syncope carvalhoi</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F538434FD6CF9F272D8FA05" author="de Sa, R. O." box="[732,934,1620,1642]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref47082" refString="de Sa, R. O., et al. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae) with emphasis on relationships among New World genera. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2012">de Sá et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FC48F9F275FCFA05" box="[1016,1154,1620,1642]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">San Martin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F538434FB3EF9F375B6FA05" box="[1166,1224,1621,1642]" name="Peru" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Genetic distances between specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F538434FB00F9D47264FACB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FB00F9D47264FACB" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">C. antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vary from 0
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FC1FF92972B9FACB" box="[943,967,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">%</emphasis>
|
||
–11.4
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FBB5F9297563FACB" box="[1029,1053,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">%</emphasis>
|
||
, with as much as 9.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F538434FCB0F90A7266FAAE" box="[768,792,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">%</emphasis>
|
||
distance between syntopic specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F538434FD4FF96F7244FAB1" box="[767,826,1737,1758]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F538434FCF6F96F72F1FAB0" box="[838,911,1737,1759]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Genetic distances between all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F508437FE98FBFC70D2F800" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[296,428,1114,1135]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FE98FBFC70D2F800" box="[296,428,1114,1135]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the phylogenetic analysis are given in table 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E66106F508437FFCDFBAC75EEF872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378633" box="[125,1168,1033,1053]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5378633/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" startId="34.[125,163,1034,1053]" targetBox="[103,1182,211,1003]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FFCDFBAC75EEF872" blockId="34.[125,1168,1033,1053]" box="[125,1168,1033,1053]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Fig. 16. Distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FE3DFBAF730AF873" box="[397,628,1033,1053]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F508437FE3DFBAF730EF873" authorityName="Walker and Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[397,624,1033,1053]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anatipes">Chiasmocleis anatipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Star 5 type locality; circle 5 examined specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FFCAFB337344F96B" blockId="34.[93,620,1113,1553]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Unfortunately, we have not examined the Ecuadorian or the Peruvian specimens, making any taxonomic conclusions about the status of these populations unattainable at present.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F508437FFCAFAAD7329FA7F" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FFCAFAAD7329FA7F" blockId="34.[93,620,1113,1553]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION (fig. 18):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F508437FE18FAAB7375F94C" box="[424,523,1293,1315]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F508437FD91FAAB7319F94D" box="[545,615,1293,1314]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F508437FFEDFA8D71BBF92E" box="[93,197,1323,1345]" country="Ecuador" name="Orellana" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Orellana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F508437FEA0FA8D7013F92F" box="[272,365,1323,1344]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F508437FD96FA8D7315F92E" box="[550,619,1323,1345]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F508437FFD5FAEF71DCF930" box="[101,162,1353,1375]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F508437FF0CFAEE70C0F930" author="Coloma, L. A. & S. Ron & J. Icochea & K. Jungfer & D. Cisneros-Heredia" box="[188,446,1352,1375]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="2012" refId="ref46734" refString="Coloma, L. A., S. Ron, J. Icochea, K. Jungfer, and D. Cisneros-Heredia. 2004. Syncope antenori. In IUCN 2012, IUCN Red list of threatened species. Version 2012.1. Online resource (http: // www. iucnredlist. org)." type="book chapter" year="2004">Coloma et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a wider distribution and included a large portion of northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F508437FF4CFA227048F9F6" box="[252,310,1412,1433]" name="Peru" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F508437FFEDFA077013F9D7" authorityName="Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn" authorityYear="1997" box="[93,365,1441,1464]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FFEDFA077013F9D7" box="[93,365,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Chiasmocleis carvalhoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F508437FE60FA047319F9D7" box="[464,615,1442,1464]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">San Martin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F508437FFEDFA6671EDF9BA" box="[93,147,1472,1493]" name="Peru" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F508437FF17FA1970F8F9B9" author="de Sa, R. O." box="[167,390,1471,1494]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref47082" refString="de Sa, R. O., et al. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae) with emphasis on relationships among New World genera. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2012">de Sá et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), was found inside our samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F508437FEA0FA7870EEF99C" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[272,400,1502,1523]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FEA0FA7870EEF99C" box="[272,400,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is regarded as a confirmed record of the species for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F508437FDA9FA5D732DFA7F" box="[537,595,1531,1552]" name="Peru" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F508437FFEDF9E67368FAFD" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FFEDF9E67368FAFD" blockId="34.[93,619,1600,1683]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F508437FFEDF9E670FEFA1B" ID-CoL="5XQSD" authority="Peloso and Sturaro, 2008" authorityName="Peloso and Sturaro" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FFEDF9E67003FA38" box="[93,381,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Chiasmocleis avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F508437FE35F9E770FEFA1B" author="Peloso, P. L. V. & M. J. Sturaro" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref49847" refString="Peloso, P. L. V., and M. J. Sturaro. 2008. A new species of narrow-mouthed frog of the genus Chiasmocleis Mehely 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Amazonian rainforest of Brazil. Zootaxa 1947: 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="2008">Peloso and Sturaro, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A1D6F508437FF02F9DB7024FAFD" box="[178,346,1661,1683]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="37.[150,188,975,994]" captionStartId-1="38.[116,155,1614,1633]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1229,211,944]" captionTargetBox-1="[93,1195,211,1584]" captionTargetId-0="figure-316@37.[128,1229,211,944]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@38.[93,1195,211,1584]" captionTargetPageId-0="37" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionText-0="Fig. 19. Holotype of Chiasmocleis avilapiresae (MPEG 23299) in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. SVL 5 34.9 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 20. Variation of ventral color pattern in Chiasmocleis avilapiresae. (A) Aripuanã, Mato Grosso, Brazil (UFMT 7124). (B–C) Floresta Nacional Caxiuanã, Pará, Brazil (MPEG 23315, and MPEG 23317, respectively, both paratypes). (D) Resex do Alto Juruá, Rio Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA 17259, paratype)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378639" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378641" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5378639/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5378641/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Figures 19–20</figureCitation>
|
||
, plates 2E–H, 3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F508437FFCAF90F72F1F889" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FFCAF90F732EFAB0" blockId="34.[93,619,1705,1759]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B393CC56F508437FFCAF90F732EFAB0" collectionCode="MPEG" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="MPEG 23299" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA883A6F508437FFCAF90F7184FAAF" box="[122,250,1705,1729]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
(fig. 19):
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF79EE36F508437FEC9F90D735EFAAF" box="[377,544,1707,1728]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">MPEG 23299</specimenCode>
|
||
; adult female, in very good state of preservation.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FD08FBF172F1F889" blockId="34.[667,1193,1111,1759]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED40AE5D6F508437FD08FBF172FFF801" box="[696,897,1111,1135]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
|
||
: Estação Científica do Programa Pró-Biodiversidade da Amazônia (PPBio) (aprox. 01
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FCCAFB3372FBF8C5" bold="true" box="[890,901,1173,1194]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">°</emphasis>
|
||
599S, 51
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FC54FB337291F8C5" bold="true" box="[996,1007,1173,1194]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">°</emphasis>
|
||
399W), Floresta Nacional Caxiuanã, Municipality of Portel, state of Pará,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F508437FCF2FB7672F5F889" box="[834,907,1232,1254]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F508436FD08FB4A70AFFA41" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F508437FD08FB4A75D7FAB0" blockId="34.[667,1193,1111,1759]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: A large species for the genus; SVL in males 22.2–28.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FBA1FAAB7558F94D" box="[1041,1062,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 28), in females
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B7D6F508437FD4AFA8C72E0F950" box="[762,926,1322,1344]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" metricValueMax="3.78" metricValueMin="2.36" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="30.7" valueMax="37.8" valueMin="23.6">23.6–37.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F508437FC1FFA8C72BAF950" box="[943,964,1322,1343]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 82). Body ovoid and robust; head triangular, snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Four distinctive fingers, all but FI fringed in males, less fringed in females; fingers not webbed; FI well developed, with a distinct, well-developed subarticular tubercle present between the proximal phalanges; distinctly visible subarticular tubercles present on all fingers; adpressed FI reaches or surpasses the subarticular tubercle of FII; adpressed FIV does not reach or barely reaches distal tubercle of FIII; palmar tubercles protuberant, divided; relative finger lenghs I,II,IV,III. Five distinctive and well-developed toes present;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E66106F518436FF26FC6975B5FF8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378635" box="[150,1227,975,995]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5378635/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" startId="35.[150,188,975,994]" targetBox="[128,1229,211,945]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F518436FF26FC6975B5FF8D" blockId="35.[128,1227,975,1021]" box="[150,1227,975,995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Fig. 17. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F518436FE38FC697316FF8D" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[392,616,975,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F518436FE38FC697316FF8D" box="[392,616,975,995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 23299) in (
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F518436FCACFC697250FF8D" bold="true" box="[796,814,975,994]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal, and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F518436FC76FC6972A8FF8D" bold="true" box="[966,982,975,994]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral views. SVL 5
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F518436FF30FC4C72C1FF92" blockId="35.[128,1227,975,1021]" box="[128,959,1002,1021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B7D6F518436FF30FC4C71A1FF92" box="[128,223,1002,1021]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Photo M. Bustamante- AmphibiaWebEcuador (see Ron et al. 2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F518436FF30FB8170AFFA41" blockId="35.[128,654,1063,1759]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">toes fringed, less distinct in females; toes usually extensively webbed in males, only basally webbed in females; TI with a distinct, well-developed subarticular tubercle; adpressed TI does not touch or barely touches subarticular tubercle of TII; adpressed TV does not touch or reaches only to the middle of subarticular tubercle of TIV; TII–IV with terminal discs, usually more developed in females, but also present in males; relative toe lengths I,II,V,III,IV. Males with many dermal spines on fingers and toes; both sexes may show dermal spines, but they are much more numerous and developed in males; males with many spines on anterior portion of chin, absent in females. Inguinal blotch usually absent. Femoral line present. Color pattern given in the variation section.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F518431FF2CF9937553FEA3" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F518436FF2CF993738DF910" blockId="35.[128,654,1063,1759]" lastBlockId="35.[701,1228,1063,1759]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
|
||
VARIATION: Ventral (throat and belly) color pattern can vary from almost entirely uniform (cream, white, brown, or black) to densely reticulated (fig. 20; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F518436FDF1F929703BFAAD" author="Peloso, P. L. V. & M. J. Sturaro" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref49847" refString="Peloso, P. L. V., and M. J. Sturaro. 2008. A new species of narrow-mouthed frog of the genus Chiasmocleis Mehely 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Amazonian rainforest of Brazil. Zootaxa 1947: 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="2008">Peloso and Sturaro, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A single specimen, out of 206 examined, showed strong dark vermiculations on the venter (fig. 20D). Western populations (west of the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FC1DFBE2755BF836" box="[941,1061,1092,1113]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FB83FBE375B5F836" box="[1075,1227,1092,1114]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FD42FBC77214F818" box="[754,874,1121,1143]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
||
) have, in general, fewer spots on the ventral region than those from eastern populations (eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FBFEFB3A75B5F8DE" box="[1102,1227,1180,1201]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and all
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FC92FB1F7227F8A0" box="[802,857,1209,1231]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Additionally, the specimens from Aripuanã,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FC3BFB71754CF883" box="[907,1074,1239,1260]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
, are slightly smaller than those of remaining populations. A dorsal midline is usually absent, but is present in some specimens, commonly in contact with the femoral line posteriorly (pl. 3D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F518436FD6BFA2175B2FAB0" blockId="35.[701,1228,1063,1759]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F518436FC13FA2075B5F9F2" authorityName="Peloso and Sturaro" authorityYear="2008" box="[931,1227,1414,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F518436FC13FA2075B5F9F2" box="[931,1227,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Chiasmocleis avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a great degree of color variation in life (see pls. 2E–H and 3). In general individuals have a dark, grayish dorsum (pl. 2E, G) while the dorsal surfaces of limbs are usually brightly colored—yellow, orange, or red. In several specimens the flanks are reddish (pls. 2G, 3G) and in a few specimens the reddish pattern extends through most of the dorsum of specimens (pls. 2H, 3H). Some specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FD0DF90A722DFAAE" box="[701,851,1708,1729]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
(pl. 3E) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F518436FC51F90A752CFAAD" box="[993,1106,1708,1730]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(pl. 3A, C, F) have golden yellow or orangeish dorsums.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FDFEFF70756FFD6E" blockId="36.[244,1041,213,257]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
TABLE 5
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FF44FF48756FFD6E" bold="true" box="[244,1041,237,257]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Uncorrected pairwise distances between 16S sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FC87FF4B756FFD6E" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[823,1041,237,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FC87FF4B756FFD6E" bold="true" box="[823,1041,237,257]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FEA3FE857501FD87" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="F951C4386F567BEAFFEDFE857501FD87" box="[93,1151,291,488]" colsContinueFrom="33.[128,1197,291,488]" colsContinueIn="55.[128,1175,291,488]" gridcols="7" gridrows="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFE857501FD5A" box="[93,1151,291,309]" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FE8570B5FD5A" box="[137,459,291,309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Locality</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFDA8FE857337FD5A" box="[536,585,291,309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">1</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFD17FE8573A6FD5A" box="[679,728,291,309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">2</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC86FE857219FD5A" box="[822,871,291,309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">3</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC75FE857288FD5A" box="[965,1014,291,309]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">4</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFBFEFE857501FD5A" box="[1102,1151,291,309]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">5</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFEF77501FD0C" box="[93,1151,337,355]" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFFEDFEF77116FD0C" box="[93,104,337,355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FEF770B5FD0C" box="[137,459,337,355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Brazil: Acre (MTR 28350)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFECA7501FD11" box="[93,1151,364,382]" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFFEDFECA7116FD11" box="[93,104,364,382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FECA70B5FD11" box="[137,459,364,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Brazil: Acre (MTR 28373)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFDA8FECA7337FD11" box="[536,585,364,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.080</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFE207501FDF7" box="[93,1151,390,408]" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFFEDFE207116FDF7" box="[93,104,390,408]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FE2070B5FDF7" box="[137,459,390,408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Brazil: Acre (MTR 28416)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFDA8FE207337FDF7" box="[536,585,390,408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.080</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFD17FE2073A6FDF7" box="[679,728,390,408]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.005</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFE077501FDDC" box="[93,1151,417,435]" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFFEDFE077116FDDC" box="[93,104,417,435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FE0770B5FDDC" box="[137,459,417,435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Ecuador: Pastaza: (QCAZ 38506)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFDA8FE077337FDDC" box="[536,585,417,435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.065</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFD17FE0773A6FDDC" box="[679,728,417,435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.092</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC86FE077219FDDC" box="[822,871,417,435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.087</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFE1D7501FDA2" box="[93,1151,443,461]" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFFEDFE1D7116FDA2" box="[93,104,443,461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FE1D70B5FDA2" box="[137,459,443,461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Ecuador: Orellana: (QCAZ 38719)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFDA8FE1D7337FDA2" box="[536,585,443,461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.072</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFD17FE1D73A6FDA2" box="[679,728,443,461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.095</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC86FE1D7219FDA2" box="[822,871,443,461]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.090</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC75FE1D7288FDA2" box="[965,1014,443,461]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.007</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134DA6F567BEAFFEDFE747501FD87" box="[93,1151,466,488]" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="76B05DA66F567BEAFFEDFE747116FD87" box="[93,104,466,488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFF39FE7470B5FD87" box="[137,459,466,488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">a Peru: San Martin (KU 215720)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFDA8FE747337FD87" box="[536,585,466,488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.065</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFD17FE7473A6FD87" box="[679,728,466,488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.087</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC86FE747219FD87" box="[822,871,466,488]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.087</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFC75FE747288FD87" box="[965,1014,466,488]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.067</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DA66F567BEAFBFEFE747501FD87" box="[1102,1151,466,488]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">0.065</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="76B737166F568431FFC3FE5B726AFE41" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[93,1151,291,488]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FFC3FE5B75D7FE7B" blockId="36.[93,1193,509,558]" box="[115,1193,509,532]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<superScript id="7C249BD06F568431FFC3FE5B7105FE66" attach="left" box="[115,123,509,521]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">a</superScript>
|
||
This specimen is labeled as
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FECBFDA57321FE7B" box="[379,607,515,532]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FECBFDA5708EFE7B" baseAuthorityName="McDiarmid and Altig" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[379,496,515,532]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiasmocleis</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘‘carvalhoi’’
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the phylogenetic tree (figs. 6, 7). Sequences for it derive from
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FFEDFDBB726AFE41" blockId="36.[93,1193,509,558]" box="[93,788,541,558]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Genbank and we did not examine the specimen for phenotypic characters.</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FFEDFDFB7091FEC1" blockId="36.[93,619,605,835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The snout may be whitish or follow the general dorsal pattern. For additional notes on variation, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F568431FF71FD3E7095FEC1" author="Peloso, P. L. V. & M. J. Sturaro" box="[193,491,664,686]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref49847" refString="Peloso, P. L. V., and M. J. Sturaro. 2008. A new species of narrow-mouthed frog of the genus Chiasmocleis Mehely 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Amazonian rainforest of Brazil. Zootaxa 1947: 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="2008">Peloso and Sturaro (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FFCAFD137553FEA3" blockId="36.[93,619,605,835]" lastBlockId="36.[667,1193,605,835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
CALL AND TADPOLES: The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FF00FD7270ACFE84" authorityName="Peloso and Sturaro" authorityYear="2008" box="[176,466,724,747]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FF00FD7270ACFE84" box="[176,466,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Chiasmocleis avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F568431FEB2FD547089FF67" author="Barros, F. B. & P. L. V. Peloso & L. Vicente & H. M. Pereira & M. J. Sturaro" box="[258,503,754,776]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="66 - 68" refId="ref46073" refString="Barros, F. B., P. L. V. Peloso, L. Vicente, H. M. Pereira, and M. J. Sturaro. 2010. The advertisement call of the narrow-mouthed frog Chiasmocleis avilapiresae Peloso and Sturaro, 2008 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Zootaxa 2657: 66 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Barros et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The call consists of a fast series (295.4 notes / min) of multipulsed notes (7–18 pulses/note). Mean note duration was 98.0 ± 9.8 ms, and mean interval between notes 111.1 ± 0.1 ms. Mean dominant frequency of was 3368.2 ± 73.2 kHz. Tadpoles are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F568430FD08FD747317F835" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568430FD08FD747317F835" blockId="36.[667,1193,605,835]" lastBlockId="37.[128,654,1063,1412]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION (fig. 21):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F568431FC6BFD72755EFE85" box="[987,1056,724,746]" name="Brazil" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, widespread in rainforest areas south of the Rio Amazonas and west of the Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F568431FC39FCB67282FF49" box="[905,1020,784,806]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Known in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F568431FCBDFC88723BFF2C" box="[781,837,814,835]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F568431FC54FC8B7529FF2C" box="[996,1111,813,835]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4995F87A6F568430FBDAFC8871AAF853" country="Brazil" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Para´. We are unaware of records of this species in adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F578430FE15FBE2708AF835" box="[421,500,1092,1114]" name="Bolivia" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34676086F578430FD9EFBE37318F835" box="[558,614,1093,1114]" name="Peru" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E66106F568431FFC4F9357329FAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5378637/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" startId="36.[116,155,1683,1702]" targetBox="[121,1165,883,1653]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F568431FFC4F9357329FAB3" blockId="36.[93,1194,1683,1756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Fig. 18. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FE37F9357316FAC9" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[391,616,1683,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FE37F9357316FAC9" box="[391,616,1683,1703]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Chiasmocleis antenori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FD12F9327256FAC8" box="[674,808,1683,1703]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FD12F932725AFAC8" authorityName="Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn" authorityYear="1997" box="[674,804,1683,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">C. carvalhoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Star 5 type locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FB9DF93275D4FAC9" box="[1069,1194,1684,1703]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FB9DF93275D8FAC9" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1069,1190,1684,1703]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">C. antenori</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Circles 5 examined specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FE74F908733EFAAF" box="[452,576,1710,1729]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FE74F9087344FAAF" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[452,570,1710,1729]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antenori">C. antenori</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
cross 5 type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FCFBF90872B7FAAE" authorityName="Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn" authorityYear="1997" box="[843,969,1709,1729]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F568431FCFBF90872B7FAAE" box="[843,969,1709,1729]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">C. carvalhoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see text for details). triangles 5 examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F568431FE63F96F732DFAB3" authorityName="Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn" authorityYear="1997" box="[467,595,1736,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">C. carvalhoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E66106F578430FF26FC697048FF92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5378639/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" startId="37.[150,188,975,994]" targetBox="[128,1229,211,944]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F578430FF26FC6975B3FF8D" blockId="37.[128,1229,974,1021]" box="[150,1229,974,994]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Fig. 19. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F578430FE3CFC6873EFFF8D" authorityName="Peloso and Sturaro" authorityYear="2008" box="[396,657,974,994]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F578430FE3CFC6873EFFF8D" box="[396,657,974,994]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Chiasmocleis avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MPEG 23299) in (
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F578430FCDCFC687200FF8E" bold="true" box="[876,894,974,993]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal, and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F578430FBA8FC697556FF8D" bold="true" box="[1048,1064,975,994]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F578430FF30FC4F7048FF92" blockId="37.[128,1229,974,1021]" box="[128,310,1001,1021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">SVL 5 34.9 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B65136F578430FF2CFBC770B0F9EB" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F578430FF2CFBC7731FF945" blockId="37.[128,654,1063,1412]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
|
||
REMARKS: In the list of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA883A6F578430FE05FBC57358F817" box="[437,550,1123,1144]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B696F578430FF30FB267379F8F9" author="Peloso, P. L. V. & M. J. Sturaro" box="[128,519,1152,1174]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref49847" refString="Peloso, P. L. V., and M. J. Sturaro. 2008. A new species of narrow-mouthed frog of the genus Chiasmocleis Mehely 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Amazonian rainforest of Brazil. Zootaxa 1947: 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="2008">Peloso and Sturaro (2008: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, collection numbers from MNRJ were mistyped. The publication reads MNRJ 14231–80, but the correct collection numbers for that lot are MNRJ 44231–44280. We thank M. Targino for pointing out this mistake to P.L.V.P.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36986F578430FF2DFA9570B0F9EB" blockId="37.[128,654,1063,1412]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Genetic distances between all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D1B6F578430FF30FAF77052F908" authorityName="Peloso and Sturaro" authorityYear="2008" box="[128,300,1360,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA8A6F578430FF30FAF77052F908" box="[128,300,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">C. avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the phylogenetic analysis are given in table 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |