445 lines
56 KiB
XML
445 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E4B82BE83A9B6B00D8F20E25D47C22A8">Volatile constituents of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Compositional multivariate analysis of volatile oils from Southern Brazilian species in the subtribe Disynaphiinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="338F56629FC456059BE0B7DEC17B5ACC">de Souza, Tiago J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C669EE138F3D5A91767F3230EC61546">* & Faculdade de Farm´acia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610 - 000, Porto Alegre, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F84F3F510D2ED2196E77BC7A9E727C60">S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41431B3D98BA5362C618FADECF36EAB6">Bordignon, ergio A. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06E3F3BE0B0D3CA7DD8795517AA7FCFB">Programa de P´os-Graduaç ˜ ao em Avaliaç ˜ ao de Impactos Ambientais, Centro Universit´ario La Salle, Canoas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3FD8C3E0AF7A72E259486517EF58F6A3">Apel, Miriam A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05C105C5FD69174B32617C16C5609DF9">Henriques, Amelia T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6DCBD2351C70B5863BB9BA27F67EDB57">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="32351621F8C601FBFBFF6C76552D7EA8">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="98B5D51E24964955D4A2B7E2B8153116">112734</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="DE1A1B3D07B8C68F503554B0E4FAE183">2021-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D5E9B45C62BB3A3F8840818271571418" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112734</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F88786C318FFDDFE094DC1FF11FBB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F88786C318FFDDFE094DC1FF11FBB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F88786C318FFDDFE094DC1FF11FBB2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C34B651BC318FFDEFE094DC1FA4EFC60" box="[849,1433,986,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFE094DC1FA4EFC60" blockId="13.[818,1488,986,1982]" box="[849,1433,986,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFE094DC1FB04FC60" ID-CoL="929Q" ID-ENA="1744983" authority="(Hook. ex Arn.)" baseAuthorityName="Arn." box="[849,1235,986,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Acanthostyles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buniifolius">
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFE094DC1FBE6FC60" bold="true" box="[849,1073,986,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acanthostyles buniifolius</emphasis>
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(Hook. ex Arn.)
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</taxonomicName>
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R.M.King & H.Rob.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B651BC318FFDEF8F94DC1FBDAFB84" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEF8F94DC1FBDAFB84" blockId="13.[818,1488,986,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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(syn.
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFE6A4DEDFBDAFB84" authorityName="Hook. ex Arn" box="[818,1037,1014,1033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buniifolium">
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFE6A4DEDFBDAFB84" bold="true" box="[818,1037,1014,1033]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eupatorium buniifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B651BC318FFDEF9444DECFA66FB84" box="[1052,1457,1014,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEF9444DECFA66FB84" blockId="13.[818,1488,986,1982]" box="[1052,1457,1014,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">– common name: “chilca” or “chirca”)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B651BC318FFDDF8984DEDFF11FBB2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEF8984DEDFA5CFBCC" blockId="13.[818,1488,986,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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is currently the only species recognized in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEF8554A09FA50FBA8" box="[1293,1415,1042,1061]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Acanthostyles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEF8554A09FA50FBA8" bold="true" box="[1293,1415,1042,1061]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEF8CD4A09FC74FBCC" author="Grossi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Grossi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref14857" refString="Grossi, M. A., Gutirrez, D. G., Berrueta, P. C., Martnez, J. J., 2011. Acanthostyles (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae): a revision with a multivariate analysis. Aust. Syst. Bot. 24, 87 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / SB 10038." type="journal article" year="2011">Grossi et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEFEEA4A35FB7DFBCC" author="King and Robinson" box="[946,1194,1070,1089]" firstAuthor="King" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="581" refId="ref15390" refString="King, R. M., Robinson, H., 1987. The genera of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). In: Lawrence: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Bot. Gard. Press, St Louis, MO, USA 581." type="book chapter" year="1987">King and Robinson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEF9E14A35FAAAFBCC" author="Matzenbacher" box="[1209,1405,1070,1089]" firstAuthor="Matzenbacher" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref15961" refString="Matzenbacher, N. I., 1979. Estudo Taxonomico Do Genero Eupatorium L. (Compositae) No Rio Grande Do Sul. Universidade de Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." type="book" year="1979">Matzenbacher, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDDF8CC4A35FD4FFCED" blockId="13.[818,1488,986,1982]" lastBlockId="14.[100,770,148,1087]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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It is a
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<quantity id="4CA99B75C318FFDEFE6A4A51FC7EFBD0" box="[818,937,1098,1117]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1.2" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.6">0.60–1.80 m</quantity>
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tall shrub native to southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEF99D4A51FAD0FBD0" box="[1221,1287,1098,1117]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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and Southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEF8CB4A51FA1BFBD0" box="[1427,1484,1098,1117]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEFE6A4A7DFC5BFBF4" box="[818,908,1126,1145]" name="Paraguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEFEC34A7DFC39FBF4" box="[923,1006,1126,1145]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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, and Northern and Central
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEF8574A7DFAB8FBF4" box="[1295,1391,1126,1145]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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. There is abundant literature on this species. VOs obtained from our sample of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFE6A4A85FC7AFB3D" box="[818,941,1181,1201]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Acanthostyles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buniifolius">
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFE6A4A85FC7AFB3D" bold="true" box="[818,941,1181,1201]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. buniifolius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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contained 9.8% α- pinene, the major compound in the monoterpene fraction. The main compounds in the sesquiterpene fraction were β- caryophyllene (7.1%) and germacrene D (22.4%), which are common to many other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEF9344AEAFB0BFA89" box="[1132,1244,1265,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorieae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eupatorieae</taxonomicName>
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analyzed by our group. In addition to these substances, germacrene A (8.3%) and its Cope rearrangement product, β- elemene (4.7%), were found. A compound with a guaiane nucleus,
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFEBA4B5EFBD8FAD5" bold="true" box="[994,1039,1349,1368]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">trans</emphasis>
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-β- guaiene (22.0%), was also found in large amounts. VOs obtained from other samples from
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEF8524B7AFAB0FAF9" box="[1290,1383,1377,1396]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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have been reported, whose major compounds were α- pinene (39.1%), sabinene (6.42%), limonene (8.02%), and (
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEF92A4B82FBA9FA21" bold="true" box="[1138,1150,1433,1452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
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)-β- ocimene (10.42%) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEF8014B82FCB5FA45" author="Cecati" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cecati" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="93 - 102" refId="ref13318" refString="Cecati, F. M., Magallanes-Noguera, C., Tonn, C. E., Ardanaz, C. E., Kurina-Sanz, M., 2018. Ecofriendly chemical diversification of Eupatorium buniifolium essential oil by endophytic fungi. Process Biochem. 64, 93 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j." type="journal article" year="2018">Cecati et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). A very similar composition has been reported for other samples collected from
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEFEE34BCBFBCFFA6E" box="[955,1048,1488,1507]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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containing α- pinene (41.48–51.81%), sabinene (5.37–8.44%), (
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFEBA4BF6FC39F98D" bold="true" box="[994,1006,1517,1536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
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)-β- ocimene (8.09–11.09%), and limonene (6.95–9.53%) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEFE9B4813FB41F996" author="Guerreiro" box="[963,1174,1544,1564]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Guerreiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="418 - 428" refId="ref15024" refString="Guerreiro, A. C., Cecati, F. M., Ardan´az, C. E., Donadel, O. J., Tonn, C. E., Sosa, M. E., 2018. Assessment of the insecticidal potential of the eupatorium buniifolium essential oil against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: reduviidae). A chiral recognition approach. Neotrop. Entomol. 47, 418 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 018 - 0601 - z." type="journal article" year="2018">Guerreiro et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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), which were tested against the coleopteran
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFEF6483FFBA6F9BA" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[942,1137,1572,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Tribolium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneum">
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFEF6483FFBA6F9BA" bold="true" box="[942,1137,1572,1591]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tribolium castaneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, exerting repellence and lethality against this species of beetle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEF90E485BFABAF9DE" author="Lancelle and Giordano" box="[1110,1389,1600,1619]" firstAuthor="Lancelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="329 - 338" refId="ref15582" refString="Lancelle, H. G., Giordano, O. S., 2009. Chemical composition of four essential oils from Eupatorium spp. Biological activities toward Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Rev. la Soc. Entomologica´Argentina 68, 329 - 338." type="journal article" year="2009">Lancelle and Giordano, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Another sample dominated by α- pinene (68.8%), δ-2-carene (5.3%), and limonene (5.1%), was assayed on bees against
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEF9EE4863FC7FF92A" authority="(Ruffinengo et al., 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Ruffinengo" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Arachnida" family="Varroidae" genus="Varroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desctructor">
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<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEF9EE4863FA8CF907" bold="true" box="[1206,1371,1655,1675]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Varroa desctructor</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEF8304863FC49F92A" author="Ruffinengo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ruffinengo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="651 - 655" refId="ref17532" refString="Ruffinengo, S., Eguaras, M., Floris, I., Faverin, C., Bailac, P., Ponzi, M., 2005. LD 50 and repellent effects of essential oils from argentinian wild plant species on Varroa destructor. J. Econ. Entomol. 98, 651 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0022 - 0493 - 98.3. 651." type="journal article" year="2005">Ruffinengo et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEFE95488FFBF7F92A" box="[973,1056,1684,1703]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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, a different composition was reported, which was more similar to our samples with and α- pinene (14.7%) and sesquiterpenes β- elemene (12.2%) and germacrene D (11.5%) as main compounds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDEFEF448F3FBBBF977" author="Lorenzo" box="[940,1132,1767,1787]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lorenzo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="39 - 44" refId="ref15633" refString="Lorenzo, D., Paz, D., Davies, P., Villamil, J., Vila, R., Canigueral t, S., Dellacassa, E., 2005. Application of multidimensional gas chromatography to the enantioselective characterisation of the essential oil of Eupatorium buniifolium Hooker et Arnott. Phytochem. Anal. 16, 39 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / pca. 808." type="journal article" year="2005">Lorenzo et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In a different report from the same country, samples composed of β- guaiene (10%), germacrene D (7.8%), β- elemene (6.7%), and α- pinene (22%) exhibited insecticidal and fungicidal activities toward tomato pests (Umpi´errez et al, 2012, 2013, 2017). In RS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467600C318FFDEFEE2494CFC24F8E7" box="[954,1011,1879,1898]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a different sample was previously reported with α- thujene (26.01–28.1%), γ- muurolene (15.2–1.17%), sabinene (8.54–9.42%), α- humulene (0.6–7.8%), and limonene (5.34–6.8%) observed in the summer and winter samples, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C318FFDDF8D549B0FF43FF2A" author="Stuker" firstAuthor="Stuker" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref18101" refString="Stuker, C. Z., 2007. Estudo dos oleos´vol´ateis de plantas medicinais da familia Asteraceae do Rio Grande do Sul: Baccharidastrum triplinervium, Baccharis pentodonta, Pluchea sagittalis e Eupatorium buniifolium." type="book" year="2007">Stüker, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of either β- elemene or germacrene A in the sample could be an artifact of the injection temperature of the GC–MS analysis, resulting in the presence of β- elemene in the samples injected at high temperature or germacrene A in the samples injected at low temperature. Considering this, the samples reported with either germacrene A or β- elemene may belong to the same chemotype. This way the Uruguayan samples were more similar to ours. This species has been reported to be a host plant for the butterfly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFC244F4CFDDCFEE7" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1902" box="[380,523,343,362]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="surima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFC244F4CFDDCFEE7" bold="true" box="[380,523,343,362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Actinote surima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similar to other closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFDF24F68FECDFE0B" box="[170,282,371,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorieae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eupatorieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFC704F69FE0CFE08" box="[296,475,370,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFC704F69FE0CFE08" bold="true" box="[296,475,370,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Grazielia intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFCBD4F69FD0DFE08" bold="true" box="[485,730,370,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFCBD4F69FD01FE08" box="[485,726,370,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyopappus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatus">Symphyopappus reticulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFD3C4F94FF03FE2F" box="[100,212,399,418]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyopappus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="casarettoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFD3C4F94FF03FE2F" bold="true" box="[100,212,399,418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. casarettoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFDB54F94FE0CFE2F" author="Penz and Francini" box="[237,475,399,418]" firstAuthor="Penz" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="309 - 320" refId="ref16894" refString="Penz, C. M., Francini, R. B., 1996. New species of Actinote hubner (nymphalidae: acraeinae) from southeastern Brazil. J. Lepid. Soc. 50, 309 - 320." type="journal article" year="1996">Penz and Francini, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFCAA4F94FD8CFE2F" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1913" box="[498,603,399,418]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carycina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFCAA4F94FD8CFE2F" bold="true" box="[498,603,399,418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. carycina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF324F94FD15FE2C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[618,706,398,418]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF324F94FD15FE2C" bold="true" box="[618,706,398,418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. pyrrha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF894F95FED0FE30" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Rothschildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobaeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF894F95FED0FE30" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rothschildia jacobaeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFC4D4FB0FE51FE33" box="[277,390,427,446]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFC994FB0FDB4FE30" box="[449,611,426,446]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pericopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacrifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFC994FB0FDB4FE30" bold="true" box="[449,611,426,446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pericopis sacrifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF284FB0FD35FE33" box="[624,738,427,446]" class="Insecta" family="Pericopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pericopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467600C31BFFDDFD3C4FDCFF62FE57" box="[100,181,455,474]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFD9C4FDCFE5BFE57" author="Biezanko" box="[196,396,455,474]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Biezanko" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="107 - 148" refId="ref12864" refString="Biezanko, C. M., Ruffinelli, A., Link, D., 1974. Plantas y otras sustancias alimenticias de las orugas de los lepidoteros Uruguayos. Rev. Cent. ciˆencias Rurais 4, 107 - 148." type="journal article" year="1974">Biezanko et al., 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also a host for the vineyard Basidiomycota pathogen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFC724FF9FE64FE7B" box="[298,435,482,502]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Arambarria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFC724FF9FE45FE78" bold="true" box="[298,402,482,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arambarria</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFC984FF9FDA5FE7B" author="Pildain" box="[448,626,482,502]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pildain" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="12397" refId="ref16936" refString="Pildain, M. B., P´erez, G. A., Robledo, G., Pappano, D. B., Rajchenberg, M., 2017. Arambarria the pathogen involved in canker rot of Eucalyptus, native trees wood rots and grapevine diseases in the Southern Hemisphere. For. Pathol. 47, e 12397 https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / efp. 12397." type="journal article" year="2017">Pildain et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the aphid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFD3C4FE5FE7FFD9C" authority="(Delfino, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Delfino" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[100,424,510,529]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Uroleucon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garnicai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFD3C4FE5FEDAFD9C" bold="true" box="[100,269,510,529]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uroleucon garnicai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFC444FE5FE49FD9C" author="Delfino" box="[284,414,510,529]" firstAuthor="Delfino" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="216 - 221" refId="ref14061" refString="Delfino, M. A., 1991. A new species of Uroleucon (Uroleucon) and comments on Uroleucon (Uroleucon) tucumani (Essig) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 67, 216 - 221." type="journal article" year="1991">Delfino, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From plants collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467600C31BFFDDFFC74FE5FD29FD9C" box="[671,766,510,529]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ent-labdane diterpenes have been previously isolated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFF2C4C01FF43FDC4" author="Carreras" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carreras" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1031 - 1034" refId="ref13263" refString="Carreras, C. R., Rossomando, P. C., Giordano, O. S., 1998. ENT-Labdanes in Eupatorium buniifolium. Phytochemistry 48, 1031 - 1034. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 9422 (98) 00155 - 1." type="journal article" year="1998">Carreras et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as two flavones and one coumarin with anti-inflammatory activity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFDEF4C49FE51FDE8" author="Muschietti" box="[183,390,594,613]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Muschietti" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="743 - 744" refId="ref16335" refString="Muschietti, L., Gorzalczany, S., Ferraro, G., Acevedo, C., Martino, V., 2001. Phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from Eupatorium buniifolium. Planta Med. 67, 743 - 744. https: // doi. org / 10.1055 / s- 2001 - 18355." type="journal article" year="2001">Muschietti et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its extracts were evaluated for antiviral (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFD344C75FEB6FD0C" box="[108,353,622,641]" class="Herviviricetes" family="Herpesviridae" genus="Varicellovirus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Heunggongvirae" order="Herpesvirales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Peploviricota" rank="species" species="pseudorabies">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFD344C75FEB6FD0C" bold="true" box="[108,353,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Varicellovirus pseudorabies</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
virus strain RC/79) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFF644C75FD23FD0C" author="Zanon" box="[572,756,622,641]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zanon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="59 - 62" refId="ref19200" refString="Zanon, S. M., Ceriatti, F. S., Rovera, M., Sabini, L. J., Ramos, B. A., 1999. Search for antiviral activity of certain medicinal plants from Cordoba, Argentina. Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol. 41, 59 - 62." type="journal article" year="1999">Zanon et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), antifungal (Mino ˜et al., 2005), and trypanocidal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF134C91FCD5FD10" bold="true" box="[587,770,650,669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF134C91FD2DFD10" box="[587,762,650,669]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="cruzi">Trypanosoma cruzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFD344CBDFEC0FD34" author="Sulsen" box="[108,279,678,697]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sulsen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="370 - 374" refId="ref18139" refString="Sulsen, V., Guida, C., Coussio, J., Paveto, C., Muschietti, L., Martino, V., 2006. In vitro evaluation of trypanocidal activity in plants used in Argentine traditional medicine. Parasitol. Res. 98, 370 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 005 - 0060 - 4." type="journal article" year="2006">Sülsen et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) activity. Inhibition of the neutrophil function (Paya´ et al., 1996), antinociception in acetic acid-induced pain test (Mino ˜ et al., 2005),
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFDB14CC6FEF1FD7D" bold="true" box="[233,294,733,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
CNS-depression (Mino ˜et al., 2007),
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFFD54CC6FD18FD7D" bold="true" box="[653,719,733,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in vitro</emphasis>
|
||
anticholinesterasic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFDA64CE2FE06FC81" author="Carpinella" box="[254,465,761,781]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carpinella" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="423 - 432" refId="ref13221" refString="Carpinella, M. C., Ruiz, G., Palacios, S. M., 2010. Screening of native plants of central Argentina for antifungal activity. Allelopath. J. 25, 423 - 432." type="journal article" year="2010">Carpinella et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and anti-arsenite-induced peroxidation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFD974D0EFEADFCA5" author="Soria" box="[207,378,789,809]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Soria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="341 - 346" refId="ref17848" refString="Soria, E. A., Goleniowski, M. E., Cantero, J. J., Bongiovanni, G. A., 2008. Antioxidant activity of different extracts of Argentinian medicinal plants against arsenic-induced toxicity in renal cells. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 27, 341 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 0960327108092192." type="journal article" year="2008">Soria et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) activities were also demonstrated. The antipoliovirus benzofuran euparin was isolated from the extracts of aerial parts and characterized (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C31BFFDDFCD34D56FD5CFCED" author="Visintini Jaime" box="[395,651,845,864]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Visintini Jaime" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref19096" refString="Visintini Jaime, M. F., Campos, R. H., Martino, V. S., Cavallaro, L. V., Muschietti, L. V., 2013. Antipoliovirus activity of the organic extract of Eupatorium buniifolium: isolation of euparin as an active compound. Evidence-based Complement. Altern. Med. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 402364, 2013." type="book" year="2013">Visintini Jaime et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFDD34961FE45FF51" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<table id="F951C430C318002CFDD34EB8FE45F824" box="[139,402,163,1961]" gridcols="19" gridrows="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<tr id="356134D2C318002CFDD34EB8FF49F824" box="[139,158,163,1961]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-16="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFDD34937FF49F824" box="[139,158,1836,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Genus</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFDD34864FF49F911" box="[139,158,1663,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">–</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFDD34810FF49F9C1" box="[139,158,1547,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Grazielia</th>
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFDD34C2EFF49FD05" box="[139,158,565,648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFDD34C22FF49FD05" box="[139,158,569,648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Disynaphia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Disynaphia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134D2C318002CFDF64EB8FF16F824" box="[174,193,163,1961]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64937FF16F824" box="[174,193,1836,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Species</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64864FF16F911" box="[174,193,1663,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64BD9FF16F9C1" box="[174,193,1474,1612]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64825FF16F9B3" bold="true" box="[174,193,1595,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G.</emphasis>
|
||
gaudichaudeana
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64AA9FF16FAC4" box="[174,193,1202,1353]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64B20FF16FAC4" bold="true" box="[174,193,1339,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64B23FF16FAB6" bold="true" box="[174,193,1336,1339]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFDF64AF3FF16FABE" box="[174,193,1256,1331]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dimorpholepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64AF3FF16FABE" bold="true" box="[174,193,1256,1331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64DF8FF16FBDC" box="[174,193,995,1105]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64A58FF16FBDC" bold="true" box="[174,193,1091,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64A5BFF16FBCE" bold="true" box="[174,193,1088,1091]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFDF64DFFFF16FBB7" box="[174,193,996,1082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dimorpholepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64DFFFF16FBB7" bold="true" box="[174,193,996,1082]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nummularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64D52FF16FC22" box="[174,193,841,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64DBAFF16FC22" bold="true" box="[174,193,929,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64D73FF16FC14" bold="true" box="[174,193,872,921]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64C2EFF16FD05" box="[174,193,565,648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64C61FF16FDFF" bold="true" box="[174,193,565,647]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64C61FF16FDF6" bold="true" box="[174,193,632,647]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D.</emphasis>
|
||
ericoides
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64F85FF16FD81" box="[174,193,414,524]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64FE5FF16FD86" bold="true" box="[174,193,510,523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64FE0FF16FE73" bold="true" box="[174,193,507,510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFDF64FA8FF16FE78" box="[174,193,435,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Disynaphia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64FA8FF16FE78" bold="true" box="[174,193,435,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ligulifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDF64F1CFF16FEF9" box="[174,193,263,372]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="16" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64F7DFF16FEFE" bold="true" box="[174,193,358,371]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64F7FFF16FEEA" bold="true" box="[174,193,356,359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C318FFDEFDF64F0EFF16FED2" box="[174,193,277,351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Disynaphia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFDF64F0EFF16FED2" bold="true" box="[174,193,277,351]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134D2C318002CFD884EB8FF33F824" box="[208,228,163,1961]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-7="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884937FF33F824" box="[208,228,1836,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Sampling site</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884864FF33F911" box="[208,228,1663,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884810FF33F9C1" box="[208,228,1547,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Canela</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884B66FF33FA67" box="[208,228,1405,1514]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Paraíso do Sul</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884B09FF33FAC4" box="[208,228,1298,1353]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Guaíba</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884AA9FF33FB65" box="[208,228,1202,1256]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Guaíba</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884DF8FF33FBDC" box="[208,228,995,1105]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Sapiranga</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884D52FF33FC22" box="[208,228,841,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Caxias do Sul</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884CA9FF33FC92" box="[208,228,690,799]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Gravataí</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884C2EFF33FD05" box="[208,228,565,648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Sapiranga</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884F85FF33FD81" box="[208,228,414,524]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="14" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Viam˜ao</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884F26FF33FEF9" box="[208,228,317,372]" gridcol="16" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Canela</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFD884EB8FF33FF50" box="[208,228,163,221]" gridcol="18" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Viam˜ao</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134D2C318002CFDAC4EB8FED0F824" box="[244,263,163,1961]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4937FED0F824" box="[244,263,1836,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Sampling time</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4864FED0F911" box="[244,263,1663,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4810FED0F9C1" box="[244,263,1547,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Abr / 05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4B66FED0FA67" box="[244,263,1405,1514]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Mar /06</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4B09FED0FAC4" box="[244,263,1298,1353]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Apr / 05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4AA9FED0FB65" box="[244,263,1202,1256]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Oct / 05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4A01FED0FBDC" box="[244,263,1050,1105]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Jan / 06</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4D52FED0FC22" box="[244,263,841,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Apr/ 05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4CF1FED0FC92" box="[244,263,746,799]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Oct /05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4C2EFED0FD05" box="[244,263,565,648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Mar / 06</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4F85FED0FD81" box="[244,263,414,524]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="14" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Mar / 06</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4F26FED0FEF9" box="[244,263,317,372]" gridcol="16" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Apr / 05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFDAC4EB8FED0FF50" box="[244,263,163,221]" gridcol="18" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Oct / 05</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134D2C318002CFC4B4EB8FEFDF824" box="[275,298,163,1961]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4937FEFDF824" box="[275,298,1836,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">Analyzed organs</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4864FEFDF911" box="[275,298,1663,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
-RI
|
||
<superScript id="7C249BD8C318FFDEFC4B4864FEF7F908" attach="right" box="[275,288,1663,1669]" fontSize="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">a</superScript>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4810FEFDF9C1" box="[275,298,1547,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
ap
|
||
<subScript id="17D534D5C318FFDEFC4B4829FEF7F9B4" attach="right" box="[275,288,1586,1593]" fontSize="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">b</subScript>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4BD9FEFDFA67" box="[275,298,1474,1514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
l
|
||
<superScript id="7C249BD8C318FFDEFC4B4BC4FEF7FA68" attach="right" box="[275,288,1503,1509]" fontSize="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">c</superScript>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4B66FEFDFA12" box="[275,298,1405,1439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
i
|
||
<subScript id="17D534D5C318FFDEFC4B4B89FEF7FA14" attach="right" box="[275,288,1426,1433]" fontSize="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">d</subScript>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4B09FEFDFAC4" box="[275,298,1298,1353]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">ap</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4AA9FEFDFB65" box="[275,298,1202,1256]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">l</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4A61FEFDFB11" box="[275,298,1146,1180]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">i</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4A01FEFDFBDC" box="[275,298,1050,1105]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">ap</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4DF8FEFDFB88" box="[275,298,995,1029]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
t
|
||
<superScript id="7C249BD8C318FFDEFC4B4DE2FEF7FC72" attach="right" box="[275,288,1017,1023]" fontSize="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">e</superScript>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4D52FEFDFC22" box="[275,298,841,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">ap</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4CF1FEFDFC92" box="[275,298,746,799]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">l</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4CA9FEFDFD59" box="[275,298,690,724]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">i</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4C2EFEFDFD05" box="[275,298,565,648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">l</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4C1DFEFDFD81" box="[275,298,518,524]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">l</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4F85FEFDFE32" box="[275,298,414,447]" gridcol="15" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">i</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4F26FEFDFEF9" box="[275,298,317,372]" gridcol="16" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">l</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4F1CFEFDFEA5" box="[275,298,263,296]" gridcol="17" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">i</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC4B4EB8FEFDFF50" box="[275,298,163,221]" gridcol="18" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">l</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356134D2C318002CFC6E4EB8FE45F824" box="[310,402,163,1961]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4937FE45F824" box="[310,402,1836,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">
|
||
OM
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFC6E499BFE94F805" bold="true" box="[310,323,1920,1928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">h</emphasis>
|
||
HS
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFC154991FE8DF803" bold="true" box="[333,346,1930,1934]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">i</emphasis>
|
||
OS
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C318FFDEFC3C4991FEA6F803" bold="true" box="[356,369,1930,1934]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">j</emphasis>
|
||
Total
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4864FE45F911" box="[310,402,1663,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">– – – –</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4810FE45F9C1" box="[310,402,1547,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.3 21.2 1.5 99.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4BD9FE45FA67" box="[310,402,1474,1514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">2.8 6.7 25.6 98.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4B66FE45FA12" box="[310,402,1405,1439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">3.7 4.3 15.5 99.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4B09FE45FAC4" box="[310,402,1298,1353]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">– 26.2 2.4 97.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4AA9FE45FB65" box="[310,402,1202,1256]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">1.9 18.3 8.8 99.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4A61FE45FB11" box="[310,402,1146,1180]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.7 14.0 4.7 99.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4A01FE45FBDC" box="[310,402,1050,1105]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.7 17.6 2.7 99.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4DF8FE45FB88" box="[310,402,995,1029]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.2 38.7 3.9 97.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4D52FE45FC22" box="[310,402,841,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.4 35.3 7.4 99.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4CF1FE45FC92" box="[310,402,746,799]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.6 7.2 3.6 87.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4CA9FE45FD59" box="[310,402,690,724]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.7 7.2 4.9 90.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4C2EFE45FD05" box="[310,402,565,648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">– 65.3 19.8 90.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4F85FE45FD81" box="[310,402,414,524]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="14" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">0.2 – 11.4 51.5 69.4 32.0 96.0 97.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4F26FE45FEF9" box="[310,402,317,372]" gridcol="16" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">2.3 21.9 14.3 97.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4F1CFE45FEA5" box="[310,402,263,296]" gridcol="17" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">1.7 27.7 12.6 99.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76B05DAEC318002CFC6E4EB8FE45FF50" box="[310,402,163,221]" gridcol="18" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" textDirection="bu">7.2 7.5 64.1 95.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFCFB4967FE6FF834" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[419,440,1916,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Legend</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFCE049B9FE3CF8EE" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[440,491,1662,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">a Retention Index in a DB5 column b aerial parts</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFCB349B8FDD2F817" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[491,517,1894,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">c leaves</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFF5D49B9FDC9F815" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[517,542,1826,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">d inflorescences</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFF4649B8FDEFF814" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[542,568,1900,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">e twigs</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFF6F49BEFD86F811" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[567,593,1863,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">f Aliphatics</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFF0949B9FDBCF8A9" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[593,619,1708,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">g Hydrocarbon Monoterpenes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFF3349BAFD53F8A3" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[619,644,1718,1961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">h Oxygenated Monoterpenes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFFDC49BEFD49F8AA" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[644,670,1706,1961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">i Hydrocarbon Sesquiterpenes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFFC649BDFD60F8BC" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[670,695,1716,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">j Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C318FFDEFFEF49B9FD06F8E8" blockId="13.[419,721,1662,1977]" box="[695,721,1890,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">k traces.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3690C31BFFDDFDDC4D72FF11FBB2" blockId="14.[100,770,148,1087]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Despite the abundance of literature data for this species reflecting its geographical dispersion in Southern South America, popular use, and several biological activities, only tests against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF784DBAFD69FC3E" authorityName="Anderson & Trueman" authorityYear="2000" box="[544,702,928,948]" class="Arachnida" family="Varroidae" genus="Varroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF784DBAFD69FC3E" bold="true" box="[544,702,928,948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Varroa destructor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF944DBBFF25FC5D" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Tribolium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF944DBBFF25FC5D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tribolium castaneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFC584DA7FE77FC5D" box="[256,416,956,976]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFC584DA7FEB9FC42" bold="true" box="[256,366,956,975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trialeurodes</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFCF44DA6FDEEFC5D" box="[428,569,957,976]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Clavicipitaceae" genus="Botrytis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFCF44DA6FDEEFC5D" bold="true" box="[428,569,957,976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Botrytis cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFF1F4DA7FD04FC5D" box="[583,723,956,976]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF1F4DA7FD76FC42" bold="true" box="[583,673,956,975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alternaria</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C31BFFDDFD3C4DC2FF30FC61" box="[100,231,985,1004]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Fusarium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFD3C4DC2FF61FC61" bold="true" box="[100,182,985,1004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fusarium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were directly performed using the VOs. Some of them were reported from the Uruguayan samples similar to the samples described herein, which were characterized by higher amounts of
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EA82C31BFFDDFF964A0AFD2CFBA9" bold="true" box="[718,763,1041,1060]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">trans</emphasis>
|
||
- β- guaiene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |