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<document id="138828A361768ED58BAF1600978548DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="22516" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77e441b5-2bdc-4c26-b6fc-b007d8d9ca25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772829" ID-ZooBank="5A946337-6921-45CB-B6F8-F64BC48F2D5A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588058821214" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2019" docId="03E287CBB232FF81F3D085F5FE05FE56" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4685.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4685 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ceroptres cornigera Melika &amp; Buss 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFDBFFB3B22BFF9BF347856CFF91FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698837771968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="42668F1496FBA4783105DD52C706698A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FEEBE60F5B84490D638FDCB9D4EE2D9A">
<mods:title id="F9DF39A14845D3817F033D57AA4D3B95">Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6AA44C927A7B859579AFC4F08FC24CE6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D7E46EA930071397F4A494F5D0789DFE">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="96955188805BF2CE43BC9DC8760BD6D8">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="538D7B1310A79FF9AAAFA1A527F785D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7C51FC19CE7B91F710EC963A5541C96B">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EEE8D69BFFA1A5CD49CEC5E6E2CE03CB">2019-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BEE409746707D6264BD2CD1DD8B1CE2B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FB46F04CD9DAFEB5B12638D1B372015F">4685</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="845815DD9701FDDDDFDB91C6B55DB270">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4832A9EF97E5C32916D8FCBF8B8A741E" type="CLB-Dataset">22516</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B1B6948415F8F6F83480A6846EA158F0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A690D4E0C3DE3AC8291855F5446EA961" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7156BF2AE2E189E03F2CA426C37FA3EF" type="Zenodo-Dep">3772829</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287CBB232FF81F3D085F5FE05FE56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797561" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797561" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287CBB232FF81F3D085F5FE05FE56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287CBB232FF81F3D085F5FE05FE56" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F3D085F5FD05FF6E" box="[151,660,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3D085F5FD05FF6E" blockId="25.[151,660,153,216]" box="[151,660,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D0BC81B1B232FF82F3D085F5FD05FF6E" bold="true" box="[151,660,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F3D085F5FD05FF6E" authority="Melika &amp; Buss, 2002" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,660,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3D085F5FD05FF6E" bold="true" box="[151,660,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3D085F5FE18FF6E" bold="true" box="[151,393,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F2D685F5FD05FF6E" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[401,660,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F3D085D1FE11FF05" box="[151,384,189,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3D085D1FE11FF05" blockId="25.[151,660,153,216]" box="[151,384,189,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F3D885D1FE98FF0A" box="[159,265,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figures 3</figureCitation>
e–g; 6a, b)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F3D0846EFE44FEE5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3D0846EFE44FEE5" blockId="25.[151,1436,257,313]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F3D0846EFDDCFEC7" authority="Melika &amp; Buss, 2002" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,589,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3D0846EFEF7FEC4" box="[151,358,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F229846DFDDCFEC7" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[366,589,257,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F11F846EFD77FEC7" box="[600,742,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fla. Entomol.</emphasis>
85(4): 626. Type material: USNM (
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F71E846DFB26FEC7" box="[1113,1207,257,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F78E846EFABBFEC7" box="[1225,1322,258,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in USNM, AMNH, PHMBL and
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB232FF82F2EE844DFE40FEE5" box="[425,465,289,312]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">UK</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F3D0840BFACCFD84" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3D0840BFACCFD84" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3D0840BFE46FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,471,358,385]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type material (examined).</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F2A6840BFDE4FE5C" box="[481,629,359,385]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F1CE840BFD0AFE5C" box="[649,667,359,385]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) with the following labels: ‘
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB232FF82F0A2840BFBB5FE5C" box="[997,1060,359,385]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
, KY., Fayette Co. Lexington,
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F6C6840BFF68FE78" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">Q. palustris</taxonomicName>
, 21.04.998, leg. Eliason E. A.’ (white label) / ‘ex green gall em. 04.05.998’ (white label) / ‘ex gall of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F61B84E7FED6FE14" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">Callirhytis cornigera</taxonomicName>
(O. S.)’ (white label) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F10F84C3FD70FE14" box="[584,737,431,457]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F1A084C3FB32FE14" authority="Melika and Eliason" authorityName="Melika and Eliason" box="[743,1187,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">Ceroptres cornigera Melika and Eliason</taxonomicName>
, desig. G. Melika 999’ (red label) / ‘USNMENT 00892417’ (white label, QR code).
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F01484BFFC7FFE30" box="[851,1006,467,493]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F0B884BEFBB3FE30" box="[1023,1058,466,493]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
&amp;
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F70E84BFFBFDFE30" box="[1097,1132,467,493]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
) deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE18B232FF82F65684BFFAF3FE30" box="[1297,1378,467,493]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
with the same data as the
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F238849BFE75FDCC" box="[383,484,503,529]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, USNMENT 00892417 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F1B9849BFC84FDCC" box="[766,789,503,529]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
); USNMENT 00892426 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F77C849BFBDFFDCC" box="[1083,1102,503,529]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); em. 18.05.998, USNMENT 00892805 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F25E8777FEA1FDE8" box="[281,304,539,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
); em. 18.05.998, USNMENT 00892412 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F04D8777FC8CFDE8" box="[778,797,539,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); 28.04.998, em. 18.05.998, USNMENT 00892811 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F6318777FA1CFDE8" box="[1398,1421,539,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
); 28.04.998, em. 18.05.998, USNMENT 00892911 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F1968753FD79FD84" box="[721,744,575,601]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
); 07.07.998, em. 18.05.998, USNMENT 00892729 (
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F67F8753FADEFD84" box="[1336,1359,575,601]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F380870EFEE9FB3F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F380870EFC89FC88" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F380870EFEABFDA0" bold="true" box="[199,314,610,637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F20B870FFDA2FDA0" box="[332,563,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F20B870FFDA2FDA0" box="[332,563,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically almost identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F744870FFAC6FDA0" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1027,1367,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F744870FFB07FDA0" box="[1027,1174,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F7E7870FFAC6FDA0" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1184,1367,611,637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from which differs only by having POL about 2.0 times as long as OOL (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F0D187EBFC79FD7C" box="[918,1000,647,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CB39B38B232FF82F08B87EBFC79FD7C" box="[972,1000,647,673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) (POL 3.0 times as long as OOL in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F6C487EBFE97FD18" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F6C487EBFE97FD18" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F25287C7FEF4FD1B" box="[277,357,683,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
) and OOL 1.5 or more times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F71787C7FB33FD18" box="[1104,1186,683,709]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CB39B38B232FF82F7C287C7FB33FD18" box="[1157,1186,683,709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) (subequal in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F60387C7FF49FD34" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F60387C7FF49FD34" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F3A087A3FEAAFD37" box="[231,315,719,746]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
). It also has a medial ridge in the depressed area delimited by the two vertical carinae on the lower face (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F390879FFEB9FCD3" box="[215,296,755,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
), being almost the only species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F1FF879FFCB7FCD0" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[696,806,755,781]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F1FF879FFCB7FCD0" box="[696,806,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with this trait, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F713879FFB59FCD0" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1108,1224,755,781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F713879FFB59FCD0" box="[1108,1224,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F644879FFA05FCD0" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1283,1428,755,781]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F644879FFA05FCD0" box="[1283,1428,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however,
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F242867BFEE9FCEC" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[261,376,791,817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F242867BFEE9FCEC" box="[261,376,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the mesopleuron anteriorly alutaceous (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F02E867BFC2AFCEF" box="[873,955,791,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F0BC867BFB1AFCEC" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1019,1163,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F0BC867BFB1AFCEC" box="[1019,1163,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has different POL/OOL and OOL/diameter of lateral ocelli ratios as stated above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3808632FEE9FB3F" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3808632FE23FCA4" bold="true" box="[199,434,862,889]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Brief redescription.</emphasis>
Apart from the morphological traits mentioned in the diagnosis section,
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F7B78633FA10FCA4" box="[1264,1409,863,889]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F7B78633FA10FCA4" box="[1264,1409,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also characterized by having female antenna 12-segmented and filiform, male antenna 15-segmented and filiform (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F3E786CBFF63FC1F" box="[160,242,935,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
); vertical carinae on the lower face incomplete, running from inner ventral margin of the toruli almost 2/3 of the lower face length and delimiting a depressed area that is bulged medially, forming a medial ridge (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F66186A7FA1EFC3B" box="[1318,1423,971,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3e, f</figureCitation>
); mesoscutum strongly coriaceous with weak discontinuous transversal elements (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F7588683FBE3FBD7" box="[1055,1138,1007,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
); notauli almost complete, faint in the anterior 1/3 or before reaching the pronotal margin; median groove visible at most in the posterior 1/3 of the mesoscutum; mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F17D815BFD1FFB8F" box="[570,654,1079,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
) densely but weakly wrinkled, more strongly wrinkled laterally and posteriorly, interspaces strongly coriaceous; third metasomal tergum with an inconspicuous posterodorsal patch of micropunctures and subsequent terga very finely punctate; radial cell 2.7 times as long as wide; body mainly black. For more details on the morphology of this species, consult
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F07A81CFFBAAFB60" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[829,1083,1187,1213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and the remarks section of this species (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F3808186FC6FFAD8" box="[199,1022,1258,1285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3808186FC6FFAD8" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" box="[199,1022,1258,1285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3808186FEC8FAD8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1258,1285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB232FF82F2208187FE32FAD8" box="[359,419,1259,1285]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
. Lexington, state of
<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB232FF82F1C08187FD65FAD8" box="[647,756,1259,1285]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F0448187FC63FAD8" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[771,1010,1259,1285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF82F3808062FC34FAAC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3808062FC34FAAC" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3808062FEB0FAF4" bold="true" box="[199,289,1294,1321]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Biology</emphasis>
. Reared from stem and leaf galls of the asexual and sexual generations of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F71E8063FD1EFA90" authority="(Osten-Sacken, 1862) (Melika &amp; Buss 2002)" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuscornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F71E8063FA0DFAF4" box="[1113,1436,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Callirhytis quercuscornigera</emphasis>
(Osten-Sacken, 1862) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F2DD805FFD16FA90" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[410,647,1331,1357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
respectively, which associates with
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F761805FFAF4FA90" authority="Muenchh." authorityName="Muenchh." box="[1062,1381,1331,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F761805FFB7CFA90" box="[1062,1261,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Quercus palustris</emphasis>
Muenchh.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F6328058FF44FAAC" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lobatae</emphasis>
section) and other red oaks (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F15E803BFD0EFAAC" author="Burks, B. D." box="[537,671,1367,1393]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1045 - 1107" refId="ref55625" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F1EC803BFC08FAAC" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[683,921,1367,1393]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B232FF81F3808017FE05FE56" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F3808017FA84FA00" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F3808017FEA5FA48" bold="true" box="[199,308,1403,1429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F2048017FDB9FA48" box="[323,552,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F2048017FDB9FA48" box="[323,552,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F0CB8017FC2CFA48" box="[908,957,1403,1429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">18♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F0B18017FBB6FA48" box="[1014,1063,1403,1429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">18♀</specimenCount>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F7708017FAF2FA4B" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[1079,1379,1403,1430]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss 2002: 629</bibRefCitation>
). We examined
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F24C80F3FEBFFA64" box="[267,302,1439,1465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B232FF82F22280F2FE19FA64" box="[357,392,1438,1465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
deposited in USNM, including the
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F05080F3FCECFA64" box="[791,893,1439,1465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. According to G. Melika (pers. comm.), no mor- phological differences have been observed between specimens obtained from sexual and asexual galls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF82F380808BFD51F8B4" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F380808BFE38F9DC" box="[199,425,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F380808BFE38F9DC" box="[199,425,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was characterized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F1DA808BFC5FF9DF" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[669,974,1511,1538]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss (2002: 626)</bibRefCitation>
; however, after studying its
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F643808BFAA5F9DC" box="[1284,1332,1511,1537]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
material, we found some inconsistencies in the original description, and especially in the illustrations provided to characterize the species: (i) vertical carinae on the lower face are narrow and curved outwards in their distal half according to the illustrations, but in the
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB232FF82F2A1833FFD87F9B0" box="[486,534,1619,1645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
material examined these carinae are somewhat broad and straight, not reaching the oral fovea; (ii) the specimens examined have a median ridge between the two vertical carinae (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F7B4831BFAD2F94F" box="[1267,1347,1655,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
), which is not represented in the original illustrations nor commented on in the description; (iii) genae are expanded behind compound eyes in the original illustrations, but this trait has been exaggerated since genae are from very slightly to not expanded in the specimens examined (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F1CA838FFD4EF920" box="[653,735,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
); (iv) lastly, the mesoscutellum has a medial ridge between the scutellar foveae that reaches the mid of the mesoscutellum according to the original illustrations, but this ridge is absent in the specimens examined (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B232FF82F1598247FDE1F89B" box="[542,624,1835,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, POL:OOL:LOL and OOL/diameter lateral ocelli relations are not commented on in the original description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB232FF81F380821FFE05FE56" blockId="25.[151,1437,358,2041]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F380821FFE3DF850" box="[199,428,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F380821FFE3DF850" box="[199,428,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically almost identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F02C821FFB26F850" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[875,1207,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F02C821FFCEFF850" box="[875,894,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F0CA821FFC6DF850" box="[909,1020,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">frondosae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB232FF82F744821FFB26F850" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1027,1207,1907,1933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref55364" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the few differences have already been commented on above (see the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F00382FBFC43F86C" box="[836,978,1943,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F00382FBFC43F86C" box="[836,978,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F0AE82FBFB5AF86C" box="[1001,1227,1943,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F0AE82FBFB5AF86C" box="[1001,1227,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceroptres cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was obtained both from leaf (sexual) and stem (asexual) galls, while
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F19482D7FCF5F808" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[723,868,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F19482D7FCF5F808" box="[723,868,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerged from galls on axillary leaf-buds (see the biology section of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB232FF82F22C82B3FE6AF824" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[363,507,2015,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB232FF82F22C82B3FE6AF824" box="[363,507,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which could correspond to the sexual form of the gall maker; also, these species were described from adjacent states (
<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB231FF81F17885F5FD3FFF6E" box="[575,686,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB231FF81F1AE85F5FCDEFF6E" box="[745,847,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Missouri</collectingRegion>
, respectively). However, both specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F60C85F5FF71FF0A" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F60C85F5FF71FF0A" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
obtained from sexual galls and those obtained from asexual galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F0A885D1FAA4FF0A" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1007,1333,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuscornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F0A885D1FAA4FF0A" box="[1007,1333,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Callirhytis quercuscornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the same ocellar ratios as the
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB231FF81F2F0858DFE76FF26" box="[439,487,225,251]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
material examined (all obtained from asexual galls) and also according to G. Melika (who measured specimens obtained from sexual galls, pers. comm.), thus suggesting this species is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F3D08445FEB7FE9E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,294,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3D08445FEB7FE9E" box="[151,294,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we here consider that
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F1E38445FCA2FE9E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[676,819,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frondosae">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F1E38445FCA2FE9E" box="[676,819,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. frondosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F02E8445FC66FE9E" box="[873,1015,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F02E8445FC66FE9E" box="[873,1015,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are different species, even though we do not rule out the possibility that they may be the same species and that the differences observed are indicative of intraspecific variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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