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<document id="6A8D7D13F2A0E3395FAE215EF47FAFF7" ID-CLB-Dataset="22516" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77e441b5-2bdc-4c26-b6fc-b007d8d9ca25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772829" ID-ZooBank="5A946337-6921-45CB-B6F8-F64BC48F2D5A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588058821214" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2019" docId="03E287CBB231FF80F3D084B1FC46FBA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4685.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4685 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ceroptres ensiger Osten-Sacken 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFDBFFB3B22BFF9BF347856CFF91FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698837771968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A01C2B6A5AF80BC012815E28D0C74B95" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="BD59830C739C8E8AFA17F6B7672C0B87">Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D01DC2770FDACB17E0379ACD12B9D551" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CB188A3166ACA2A60A810349C40F4EFF">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16767CDBF659867DC3CAFA9805506D37">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="ED13E0319510071E5B765064306F9C22">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1D207B0E7B905CEB375B112BEA16C19E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EFA18993DBB463085493110CCFECDD1E">
<mods:date id="B99CD3EEEB23BBED7AEE9396E236ADD9">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7F238AF5C8F23AC5BAF794BBBDED0E31" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9151B4FC13EC136699BB055952A5C116">2019-10-11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F33325E48AA5EFE975A59A4E48674B47" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8AD342EA6DBACFC545738FD84CA23D01">4685</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9076068F0AE6E4DE08CBA1FAD23188FE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="16AF786D3FAB735CA6AB5FC8121A5FDA">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5930529E1FAE96423FC3ADAEF05E1930">67</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2EBDC4031FFEF59DF700821AEDA2172B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8BE0FBD3F9563B4FABA973AAE371EE48" type="CLB-Dataset">22516</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E2AF3BDF58D694F0CE18AF3D9CFAB148" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3D48CF0DB8B00EEAEC36831FF2E57EAA" type="GBIF-Dataset">77e441b5-2bdc-4c26-b6fc-b007d8d9ca25</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D7B8377429E3882FBB9B95A7875EAAF0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D2F956C41334C06AFA81E0F0FF2F05AC" type="Zenodo-Dep">3772829</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="73DC53B484C39CCEAE0B51AAA3E7B58E" type="ZooBank">5A946337-6921-45CB-B6F8-F64BC48F2D5A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287CBB231FF80F3D084B1FC46FBA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797559" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287CBB231FF80F3D084B1FC46FBA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287CBB231FF80F3D084B1FC46FBA2" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C3516556B231FF81F3D084B1FC0AFE2A" box="[151,923,477,503]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F3D084B1FC0AFE2A" blockId="26.[151,923,477,540]" box="[151,923,477,503]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0BC81B1B231FF81F3D084B1FC0AFE2A" bold="true" box="[151,923,477,503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3D084B1FC0AFE2A" bold="true" box="[151,923,477,503]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F3D084B1FD8FFE2A" authority="(Walsh, 1864)" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,542,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3D084B1FEFDFE2A" bold="true" box="[151,364,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceroptres ensiger</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB231FF81F23C84B1FD87FE2A" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[379,534,477,503]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
status verified and comb. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B231FF81F3D0876DFEF5FDC1" box="[151,356,513,540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F3D0876DFEF5FDC1" blockId="26.[151,923,477,540]" box="[151,356,513,540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
(
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F3D8876DFE8BFDC6" box="[159,282,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 3h</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F261876DFEA2FDC1" box="[294,307,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">6</figureCitation>
c–e)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B231FF81F3D08729FBB9FD80" box="[151,1064,581,606]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F3D08729FBB9FD80" blockId="26.[151,1064,581,606]" box="[151,1064,581,606]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F3D08729FE76FD83" authority="Walsh, 1864" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,487,581,606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3D08729FEF1FD80" box="[151,352,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amblynotus ensiger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB231FF81F2218729FE76FD83" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[358,487,581,606]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F2B7872AFD5DFD80" box="[496,716,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.</emphasis>
2: 487, 496.
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB231FF81F016872AFC12FD83" box="[849,899,582,606]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
material: MCZ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B231FF81F3D087E0FB03FCEA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F3D087E0FB03FCEA" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3D087E0FE42FD7B" bold="true" box="[151,467,651,678]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type material (examined).</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB231FF81F29C87E0FDEAFD7B" box="[475,635,652,678]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B231FF81F1CA87E0FD0EFD7B" box="[653,671,652,678]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) with the following labels: ‘729’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Rock Island Dr. B. D. Walsh’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Osten-Sacken Coll.’ (white label) / ‘Type 13979’ (red label) / ‘729
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F39587B8FD19FD33" authority="Walsh" authorityName="Walsh" box="[210,648,724,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensiger" subGenus="Amblynotus">Ceroptres (Amblynotus) ensiger Walsh</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B231FF81F1D787B8FD34FD33" box="[656,677,724,750]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE18B231FF81F0B587B8FBA5FD33" box="[1010,1076,724,750]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
Image Database’ (white label) / ‘MCZ-ENT 00013979’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB231FF81F1878794FCA4FCCF" box="[704,821,760,786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B231FF81F07B8794FCC0FCCF" box="[828,849,760,786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F01E8794FB5FFCCC" authority="Walsh, 1864" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[857,1230,759,786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F01E8794FBA6FCCC" box="[857,1079,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amblynotus ensiger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB231FF81F7788794FB5FFCCC" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[1087,1230,759,786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label) / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F26D8670FCADFCEB" authority="(Walsh) Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[298,828,795,823]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F26D8670FE60FCE8" box="[298,497,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceroptres ensiger</emphasis>
(Walsh)
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB231FF81F1108670FCADFCEB" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[599,828,795,822]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V det. 2019’ (white label).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B231FF81F3808653FAF0FC1B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F3808653FAF0FC1B" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3808653FEABFC87" bold="true" box="[199,314,831,858]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This species can be easily separated from the rest of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F0FF862CFBB7FC87" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[952,1062,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F0FF862CFBB7FC87" box="[952,1062,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by having a mesopleuron that is anteriorly alutaceous (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F2908608FDB9FCA3" box="[471,552,867,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
) (mesopleuron totally smooth and shiny in the rest of species except in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F6788608FA04FCA0" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1872" box="[1343,1429,868,894]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerri">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F6788608FA04FCA0" box="[1343,1429,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cerri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has the mesopleuron anteriorly conspicuously striated,
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F01386E4FC23FC7E" box="[852,946,904,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,947]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,174,948]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ceroptres cerri a) head in anterior view, b) mesosoma in lateral view and c) metasoma in lateral view; C. clavicornis d) head in anterior view, e) mesosoma in lateral view and f) metasoma in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772858/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 11b</figureCitation>
) and a slightly pronounced medial ridge in the depressed area delimited by the two vertical carinae on the lower face (see the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB231FF81F78686C0FAC1FC18" box="[1217,1360,940,966]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornigera">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F78686C0FAC1FC18" box="[1217,1360,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cornigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B231FF80F38086A3FB6BFD12" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F38086A3FCE6FC37" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" box="[199,887,975,1002]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F38086A3FEFCFC37" bold="true" box="[199,365,975,1002]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Redescription</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F23B86BCFDA6FC37" bold="true" box="[380,567,976,1002]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Female. Length</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="4CB39B38B231FF81F19286A3FCBAFC37" box="[725,811,975,1002]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F380869FFBD4FB8B" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F380869FFE9AFBD3" bold="true" box="[199,267,1011,1038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F25E8698FEFEFBD3" box="[281,367,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 3h</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F23D869FFE19FBD3" box="[378,392,1011,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">6</figureCitation>
c–e). Dark brown to black. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown to black. Tegulae dark yellow. Hypopygium yellowish. Antennae and legs yellow (scape, pedicel and a few terminal ones brownish according to the original description), metacoxae dusky at base. Wings hyaline, veins pale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F380810CFBF3F9DB" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F380810CFE96FBA7" bold="true" box="[199,263,1120,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Head</emphasis>
. In anterior view (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F299810CFDA0FBA6" box="[478,561,1120,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1439,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,265,1420]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female faces of valid species of Ceroptres: a) C. catesbaei (type); b) C. cerri; c) C. clavicornis; d) C. confertus (type); e) C. cornigera (type); f) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. cornigera; g) head of C. cornigera in dorsal view; h) C. ensiger; i) C. frondosae (type); j) detail of the median ridge in the lower face of C. frondosae; k) head of C. frondosae in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772837/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
) trapezoid-shaped, about 1.2 times as wide as high, genae slightly expanded behind compound eyes. Face with long and moderately dense pubescence, lower face with short striae radiating from sides of clypeus, not reaching the toruli nor the ventral margin of compound eyes; medially without striae; vertical carinae incomplete, narrow, running from inner ventral margin of the toruli 1/2 of the lower face length and delimiting a depressed area that is slightly bulged medially, forming a slightly pronounced medial ridge. Clypeus distinct, not projected over mandibles. Malar space 0.5 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal sulcus absent, epistomal sulcus slightly impressed. Transfacial line about as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye about as long as diameter of the toruli; distance between the toruli clearly shorter than diameter of the toruli. Front coriaceous with small scarce piliferous punctures; without frontal carinae. Head in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F7A780C8FAA0FA63" box="[1248,1329,1443,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
) is about 2.1 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous with small scarce piliferous punctures. POL:OOL:LOL = 15:6:7 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 4. Occiput coriaceous with small scarce piliferous punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF81F3808363FCCCF94B" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F3808363FEABF9F7" bold="true" box="[199,314,1551,1578]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Antennae</emphasis>
. 12-segmented according to the original description (the
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB231FF81F097837CFBA6F9F7" box="[976,1079,1552,1578]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
has antennae broken,
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F67C837CFA1FF9F7" box="[1339,1422,1551,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
); pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about 1.2 times as long as F1; pedicel 1.2 times as long as wide; F1 about as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal. According to the original description, F10 is fully equal to F8+9 and it occasionally has indications of a connate medial suture on F10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB231FF80F38083CCFD72FE9E" blockId="26.[151,1437,651,2010]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB231FF81F38083CCFED4F967" bold="true" box="[199,325,1696,1722]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mesosoma</emphasis>
. About 1.3 times as long as high in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F02183CCFC26F967" box="[870,951,1695,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
), including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence. Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.44. Dorsal part of pronotal plate complete, with two distinct but small widely spaced foveae. Lateral pronotum alutaceous and with some weak discontinuous transversal elements, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F1EB8260FD6FF8FB" box="[684,766,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
) 1.2 times as wide as long, strongly coriaceous with weak discontinuous transversal elements, somewhat punctate posteriorly; anterior grooves weakly impressed, extending at most 1/3 of the mesoscutal length. Notauli almost complete, narrow and shallow, but faint before reaching the pronotal margin. Parapsidal grooves shallow, surpassing tegulae. Median groove narrow and shallow, visible at most in the posterior 1/3 of the mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B231FF81F01782F0FC31F86B" box="[848,928,1947,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
) rounded, about as long as wide, densely but weakly wrinkled, more strongly wrinkled laterally and posteriorly, interspaces strongly coriaceous; circumscutellar carina absent; scutellar foveae ovate, narrow, shallow, not well defined posteriorly, weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F15B85D1FDFFFF05" box="[540,622,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
) almost totally smooth and shiny, but with an alutaceous sculpture anteriorly and medially; little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching about 4/5 parts of the mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and smooth; propodeal carinae straight and parallel, somewhat branched posteriorly. Nucha weakly sculptured dorsally and laterally, not sulcate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3808421FD49FEBA" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" box="[199,728,333,359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3808421FF6EFEBA" bold="true" box="[199,255,333,359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Legs</emphasis>
. Tarsal claws bidentate, with a basal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F380841CFD3BFE0E" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F380841CFE82FE56" bold="true" box="[199,275,368,395]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Wings</emphasis>
. Forewings pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly shorter than body length. Radial cell closed, almost 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet not well defined, anterior and basal veins inconspicuous. Rs+M inconspicuous. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F38084B1FB25FD5A" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F38084B1FED2FE2A" bold="true" box="[199,323,477,503]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13702A58B230FF80F21284B1FE39FE25" box="[341,424,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1433,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Ceroptres cornigera lateral and b) dorsal habitus (type); c) C. ensiger lateral habitus, d) detail of mesopleuron and e) dorsal habitus (type); f) C. frondosae lateral and g) dorsal habitus (type); h) head and mesosoma of C. kovalevi in lateral view, i) lateral metasoma and j) head and mesosoma in dorsal view (type)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772846/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
). About as long as head plus mesosoma and longer than high in lateral view. First metasomal tergum crescent-shaped and smooth. Second metasomal tergum short and free, almost 0.3 times as long as the metasomal length and with a dense hair patch anterolaterally. Third metasomal tergum without micropunctures or just with an inconspicuous posterodorsal patch, not dorsodistally incised; subsequent terga very finely punctate. Prominent part of the hypopygial spine about 2.0 times as long as wide and slightly projected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F38087FDFB6BFD12" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F38087FDFE9AFD76" bold="true" box="[199,267,657,683]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Male.</emphasis>
Not examined (presumably lost). According to the original description, males differ from females by measuring between
<quantity id="4CB39B38B230FF80F23087D8FE6FFD12" box="[375,510,692,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
long and by having 15-segmented antennae, with F9–F11 subequal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F38087B4FBB6FD2E" box="[199,1063,728,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F38087B4FBB6FD2E" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" box="[199,1063,728,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F38087B4FEC8FD2E" bold="true" box="[199,345,728,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB230FF80F22087B5FE32FD2E" box="[359,419,729,755]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
. Rock Island, state of
<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB230FF80F1DC87B5FD7BFD2E" box="[667,746,729,755]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Illinois</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F1BE87B5FC18FD2E" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[761,905,729,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F0D387B5FB8BFD2E" author="Burks, B. D." box="[916,1050,729,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1045 - 1107" refId="ref55625" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F3808790FBCDFCE1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3808790FBCDFCE1" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3808790FEB0FCCA" bold="true" box="[199,289,764,791]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Biology</emphasis>
. Reared from leaf petiole galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1FC8791FB23FCC5" authority="(Bassett, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[699,1202,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuspetiolicola">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1FC8791FC6BFCCA" box="[699,1018,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Andricus quercuspetiolicola</emphasis>
(Bassett, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F7A48791FF4FFCE6" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F7A48791FA0DFCCA" box="[1251,1436,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Quercus bicolor</emphasis>
Willd.
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F243864DFD70FCE6" authority="(Willd.) Spach 1841" authorityName="Spach" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[260,737,801,828]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="prinus" variety="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F243864DFEFFFCE6" box="[260,366,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Q. prinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F2E2864DFE67FCE6" box="[421,502,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">bicolor</emphasis>
(Willd.) Spach 1841
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1BE864DFC3EFCE1" box="[761,943,801,828]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="section">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1BE864DFCC6FCE6" box="[761,855,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Quercus</emphasis>
section
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F082864DFBDEFCE1" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[965,1103,801,828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh 1864</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B230FF80F3808629FC46FBA2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F3808629FDA9FC5E" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3808629FEA5FC82" bold="true" box="[199,308,837,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F2058629FD8EFC82" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[322,543,837,863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F2058629FD8EFC82" box="[322,543,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amblynotus ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F03C8629FC0FFC82" box="[891,926,837,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F0938629FB95FC82" box="[980,1028,837,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">12♀</specimenCount>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F7548629FB44FC82" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[1043,1237,837,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh 1864: 497</bibRefCitation>
). We only located and examined
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B230FF80F27D8605FECCFC5E" box="[314,349,873,899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
deposited in MCZ.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB230FF80F38086E1FC46FBA2" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F38086E1FE32FC7A" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[199,419,909,935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F38086E1FE32FC7A" box="[199,419,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amblynotus ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1ED86E1FB1DFC75" authority="(Osten-Sacken, 1861)" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[682,1164,909,936]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolicola">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1ED86E1FC04FC7A" box="[682,917,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres petiolicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F0E586E1FB15FC75" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[930,1156,909,936]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref57009" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken, 1861</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F7F486E1FF5FFC11" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 369)</bibRefCitation>
. After examining the
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB230FF80F2F886DDFE7EFC16" box="[447,495,945,971]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
material of both species, we conclude that they are, indeed,
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F7D386DDFA93FC16" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1172,1282,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F7D386DDFA93FC16" box="[1172,1282,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but that they are not synonymous since they show some important morphological differences, especially regarding the number of antennal segments in females (
<quantity id="4CB39B38B230FF80F2B48695FDBCFBCE" box="[499,557,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1728695FD38FBCE" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[565,681,1017,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1728695FD38FBCE" box="[565,681,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CB39B38B230FF80F1A68695FC8AFBCE" box="[737,795,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F0658695FC2DFBCE" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[802,956,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolicola">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F0658695FC2DFBCE" box="[802,956,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. petiolicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the mesopleural sculpture (anteriorly with an alutaceous sculpture in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F2BF8171FDF8FBEA" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[504,617,1053,1079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F2BF8171FDF8FBEA" box="[504,617,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and totally smooth and shiny in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F0908171FBE1FBEA" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[983,1136,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolicola">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F0908171FBE1FBEA" box="[983,1136,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. petiolicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In accordance with these morphological differences, we conclude that
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F1DA812DFCECFB86" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" box="[669,893,1089,1115]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Amblynotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F1DA812DFCECFB86" box="[669,893,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amblynotus ensiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as a valid species within
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F3D08109FE94FBA2" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,261,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F3D08109FE94FBA2" box="[151,261,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB230FF80F2538109FD11FB5D" authority="(Walsh, 1864)" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[276,640,1125,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensiger">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB230FF80F2538109FE4AFBA2" box="[276,475,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceroptres ensiger</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB230FF80F2AD8109FDE9FB5D" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[490,632,1125,1152]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
status verified and comb. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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