391 lines
48 KiB
XML
391 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="6BA6D4AF7A5AF256B8D1E1741BDE7232" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53efed73-c0f1-4dfb-86fc-303898ebc717" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180003" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460026480657" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fouquet, Antoine, Gaucher, Philippe, Blanc, Michel & Velez-, Claudia M." docDate="2007" docId="03E287B7FFD1756BFF414A3AFAD7F377" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01663p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1663" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhinella lescuri Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc & Velez-, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFDBFFCFFFD67561FFD64F5AFFD5F672" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the lowlands of the Guiana shield" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698233940087" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4825A2716FC27958B860A9BBAE1C9A3E">Description of two new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the lowlands of the Guiana shield</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2712FACF329D3F6549A899C75D40FC22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="740B5C4BAE8CE1797E92019CB8243199">Fouquet, Antoine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BD004B4E06CB32A681543DBBC82C663">Gaucher, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F299807CF62D035980EB79E776FA939A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8CBC9C13834A3C456896986CC5112CCD">Blanc, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C9E83E23E551C048AE1E5A6C7430E5C0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="817DC0075320767308C397D62BF49618">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B004F17069463925BD89EBD908B61A0">Velez-, Claudia M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6B01FA72C2D98EABAFF188DFEDA6BFAC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A3862C8FE1AC6FEA5B366EA365956174">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="093D3FAD34C9020039A6C5B1067D7905">
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<mods:date id="FD6B0E5F1B4784AE0FFBC35B126B97A5">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="42D72C37275108535816FA5032C7C8FD">1663</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E3BCAF7DC239DCC2E03F8D8101BDA7FB">17</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="0364E023891C5ADEEE3597376BCBDA09" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180003</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF5BFEB2D800E0109DB57D8F4BE73270" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92015DA32587EA39CA1744359305A2F3" type="Zenodo-Dep">180003</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287B7FFD1756BFF414A3AFAD7F377" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287B7FFD1756BFF414A3AFAD7F377" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B7FFD1756BFF414A3AFAD7F377" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C351652AFFD17566FF414A3AFE68F308" box="[151,445,1376,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFD17566FF414A3AFE68F308" blockId="7.[151,445,1376,1402]" box="[151,445,1376,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0BC81CDFFD17566FF414A3AFE68F308" bold="true" box="[151,445,1376,1402]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFD17566FF414A3AFE68F308" bold="true" box="[151,445,1376,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFD17566FF414A3AFE82F308" box="[151,343,1376,1402]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescuri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFD17566FF414A3AFE82F308" bold="true" box="[151,343,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Rhinella lescuri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57C8FFD17566FE894A3AFE68F308" box="[351,445,1376,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351652AFFD17566FF414AF1FE8EF1BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFD17566FF414AF1FAF8F39F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1451,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="54F08803FFD17566FF414AF1FED6F3B6" box="[151,259,1451,1476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFD17566FF414AF1FED6F3B6" box="[151,259,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE64FFD17566FEC64AF1FEBFF3B7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[272,362,1451,1477]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2006.2608, an adult male collected
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<date id="FFF51061FFD17566FCD84AF1FC67F3B7" box="[782,946,1451,1477]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" value="2004-04-16">16 April 2004</date>
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by Philippe Gaucher from "Saut wanapi", Haute Wanapi,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFD17566FE9A4A89FE2CF39F" box="[332,505,1491,1517]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(02°30'694"N/53°494'153"W),
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<quantity id="4CB39B44FFD17566FCA74A89FC61F39F" box="[881,948,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="170.0">170m</quantity>
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above sea level (see
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<figureCitation id="13702A24FFD17566FB7D4A89FB24F39F" box="[1195,1265,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[194,1390,443,1081]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[194,1390,691,939]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1: Map of sampled areas adapted from Fouquet et al. (2007) and additional unpublished data. Black circles: Rhinella margaritifera (clade A), white star: R. margaritifera (clade B), white circles: R. martyi (clade C), white triangles: R. lescurei (clade D), white squares: Rhinella sp. (clade E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180004/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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: 18).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFD17566FF104AA1FD01F017" blockId="7.[151,1437,1451,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="54F08803FFD17566FF104AA1FEE8F066" box="[198,317,1531,1556]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFD17566FF104AA1FEE8F066" box="[198,317,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE64FFD17566FE994AA1FE7DF067" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[335,424,1531,1557]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2006.2609,
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE64FFD17566FD944AA1FD49F067" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[578,668,1531,1557]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2006.2610,
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE64FFD17566FCE34AA1FC5AF067" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[821,911,1531,1557]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2006.2612,
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE64FFD17566FBFF4AA1FB56F067" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1065,1155,1531,1557]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2006.2613, four males collected in the same time and place.
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE64FFD17566FD874979FD7EF04F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[593,683,1571,1597]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2006.2611, a female collected by Corine Sarthou at "layon savane Ouest", a very close site from the above one.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFD17566FF104929FE8EF1BF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1451,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
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PG 103, PG 104, (Philippe Gaucher personal collection) two males collected
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<date id="FFF51061FFD17566FB844929FB25F0FF" box="[1106,1264,1651,1677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" value="1912-12">12 December</date>
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, 2002 by Philippe Gaucher from "Crique Limonade", Saül,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFD17566FD1D49C1FCA9F0C7" box="[715,892,1691,1717]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FC4749C1FC26F0C7" box="[913,1011,1691,1717]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="3.6166668">03º37’N</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FC2B49C1FBB3F0C7" box="[1021,1126,1691,1717]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-53.2">53º12’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB39B44FFD17566FBA049C1FB11F0C7" box="[1142,1220,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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above sea level). T3027 (Universite Montpellier-2), collected
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<date id="FFF51061FFD17566FD6E4999FCE6F0AF" box="[696,819,1731,1757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" value="1910-03">10 March</date>
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, 2001 by Philippe Gaucher from "Mitaraka-Sud",
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFD17566FF4149B1FE91F177" box="[151,324,1771,1797]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FE8549B1FE66F177" box="[339,435,1771,1797]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="2.2666667">02°16'N</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FE6B49B1FDF1F177" box="[445,548,1771,1797]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-54.516666">54°31'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB39B44FFD17566FDE649B1FDAFF177" box="[560,634,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
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above sea level). 112BM (Michel Blanc personal collection), a male collected by Michel Blanc from "Litany",
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFD17566FD5E4849FCE3F15F" box="[648,822,1811,1837]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(02°26'195"N/54°25'184"W,
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<quantity id="4CB39B44FFD17566FB454849FB1AF15F" box="[1171,1231,1811,1837]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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above sea level). 121BM (Michel Blanc personal collection), a male collected by Michel Blanc from Saül,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFD17566FB3C4861FA49F127" box="[1258,1436,1851,1877]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FF494839FED7F10F" box="[159,258,1891,1917]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="3.6166668">03º37’N</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FEDA4839FEA1F10F" box="[268,372,1891,1917]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-53.2">53º12’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB39B44FFD17566FE574839FE1EF10F" box="[385,459,1891,1917]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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above sea level). 5MC, 5'MC (Christian Marty personal collection) a female and a male collected in amplexus by Christian Marty from "camp sisam",
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFD17566FC6E48D1FBB3F1D7" box="[952,1126,1931,1957]" name="French Guiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FBA348D1FB07F1D7" box="[1141,1234,1931,1957]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="4.1833334">04°11'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5066FFD17566FB0A48D1FA93F1D7" box="[1244,1350,1931,1957]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-52.366665">52°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB39B44FFD17566FA8448D1FA49F1D7" box="[1362,1436,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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above sea level).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C351652AFFDE7569FF104FC2FE3DF417" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDE7569FF104FC2FE3DF417" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FF104FC2FEE8F6C3" box="[198,317,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. A medium sized species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FD144FC2FC57F6C3" box="[706,898,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FD144FC2FC57F6C3" box="[706,898,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. margaritifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group as defined genetically by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDE7569FAB24FC2FEB7F6AB" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Fouquet, A., Vences, M., Salducci, M. D., Meyer, A., Marty, C., Blanc, M. & Gilles, A. (2007) Revealing cryptic diversity using molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography in frogs of the Scinax ruber and Rhinella margaritifera species groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43 (2), 567 - 582." type="journal article">
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||
Fouquet
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<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FF074F9AFED0F6AB" box="[209,261,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2007)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and morphologically by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDE7569FD5D4FE5FCB6F6AB" author="Hoogmoed" box="[651,867,191,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1990) Biosystematics of South American Bufonidae, with special reference to the Bufo " typhonius " group. In: Peters, G. & Hutterer, R. (Eds), Vertebrates in the tropics. Museum Alexander Koenig, pp. 113 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1990">Hoogmoed (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDE7569FC4B4FE5FB15F6AB" author="Velez-Rodriguez" box="[925,1216,191,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Velez-Rodriguez, C. M. (2004) Sitematica de los sapos neotropicales pertenecientes al grupo Bufo typhonius (Bufonidae). Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile, 159 pp." type="book" year="2004">Vélez-Rodriguez (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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. It is distinguished from all other species of this complex by the following combination of characters (
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<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDE7569FBA84FBDFB1DF773" box="[1150,1224,231,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[220,1367,194,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – F: Holotype of R. lescurei (MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella sp. E (198 bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
): (1) SVL of two females 43.7 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDE7569FE9D4E54FE72F75A" box="[331,423,270,296]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, of eight males 34.6 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDE7569FD674E54FCDBF75A" box="[689,782,270,296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (2) bony knob at angle of jaws absent, corner of mouth angular; (3)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FEF14E6CFE39F73D" box="[295,492,310,335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
smooth, concave laterally, without crests; (4) heel not reaching posterior margin of eye when hindlimbs adpressed; (5) cephalic crests low; (6) neural spines indistinct; (7) tympanum large but smaller than eye diameter, round in males, ovoid in females; (8) paratoid glands relatively small, elongated posteriorly; (9) upper eyelid without projections; (10) toes about three-quarters webbed, three phalanges free on toe 4; (11) tarsal fold absent; (12) skin densely tuberculate, particularly on limbs, less between eyes and center of back in females; tubercules conical with small keratinized spicules; (13) oblique row of tubercules present from posterior corner of pratoid glands to groin; (14) snout pointed with fleshy soft ridge extending to tip of snout; (15) iris golden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351652AFFDE7569FF104D28FDBBF377" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDE7569FF104D28FDBBF377" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FF104D28FE59F4F9" ID-CoL="4S7NM" box="[198,396,626,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FF104D28FE59F4F9" box="[198,396,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Rhinella lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FD1E4D28FC53F4F9" ID-CoL="4S7NW" box="[712,902,626,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FD1E4D28FC53F4F9" box="[712,902,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. margaritifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A),
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FC124D28FB34F4F9" box="[964,1249,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FC124D28FBBCF4F9" box="[964,1129,626,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoogmoedi">R. hoogmoedi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FBA24D28FB34F4F9" ID-CoL="4S7NZ" box="[1140,1249,626,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martyi">R. martyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FACA4D28FA40F4F9" ID-CoL="4S7PZ" box="[1308,1429,626,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanlaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FACA4D28FA40F4F9" box="[1308,1429,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. stanlaii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FF414DC0FE88F4C1" box="[151,349,666,691]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sclerocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FF414DC0FE88F4C1" box="[151,349,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. sclerocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FEB84DC0FDA7F4C1" box="[366,626,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FEB84DC0FDD6F4C1" box="[366,515,666,691]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roqueana">R. roqueana</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FDC54DC0FDA7F4C1" box="[531,626,666,691]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alata">R. alata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and all the unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FCAC4DC0FC08F4C1" ID-CoL="78MK" box="[890,989,666,691]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FCAC4DC0FC08F4C1" box="[890,989,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDE7569FB514DC0FB2EF4C6" box="[1159,1275,666,692]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDE7569FF414D9BFE62F4A9" author="Velez-Rodriguez" box="[151,439,705,731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Velez-Rodriguez, C. M. (2004) Sitematica de los sapos neotropicales pertenecientes al grupo Bufo typhonius (Bufonidae). Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile, 159 pp." type="book" year="2004">Vélez-Rodriguez (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by its smaller SVL, the absence of prominent cranial crests, and the very pointed snout due to the presence of a distinct fleshy ridge (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C9031AFFDE7569FCD24DB3FC8AF571" box="[772,863,745,771]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[149,1435,276,2009]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1 Morphometric measurements. Abbreviations are explained in the text. Means and standard deviations (sd) are presented my lineages and sexes. From the “ / SVL ” line the following measurements are divided through SVL (snoutvent length)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF346629FFDB756CFF414FCDFECBF686" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF346629FFDB756CFF414FCDFECBF686">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDE7569FC1F4DB3FBC7F571" box="[969,1042,745,771]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[220,1367,194,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – F: Holotype of R. lescurei (MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella sp. E (198 bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FA554DB3FEF2F558" ID-CoL="4S7PH" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FA554DB3FEF2F558" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDE7569FEA04C4AFDE8F558" author="Hoogmoed" box="[374,573,784,810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1986) Biosystematic studies of the Bufo " typhonius " group: A preliminary progress report. In: Rocek, Z. (Ed), Studies in Herpetology. Prague, Pp. 147 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1986">Hoogmoed 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by its smaller SVL, densely tuberculate skin (smooth skin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FAF64C4BFF02F523" ID-CoL="4S7PH" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FAF64C4BFF02F523" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
although see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDE7569FEA04C62FD13F520" author="Zimmerman" box="[374,710,824,850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Zimmerman, B. L. & Bogart, J. P. (1988) Ecology and calls of four species of Amazonian forest frogs. Journal of Herpetology, 22 (1), 97 - 108." type="journal article" year="1988">Zimmerman & Bogart, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and distinct paratoids (indistinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FBA74C62FAF4F523" ID-CoL="4S7PH" box="[1137,1313,824,849]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FBA74C62FAF4F523" box="[1137,1313,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FAEF4C62FF26F50B" ID-CoL="4S7NM" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FAEF4C62FF26F50B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Rhinella lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FDF94C3AFD7FF50B" box="[559,682,864,889]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dapsilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FDF94C3AFD7FF50B" box="[559,682,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. dapsilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its tuberculate skin and smaller size and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FB234C3AFA49F50B" box="[1269,1436,864,889]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FB234C3AFA49F50B" box="[1269,1436,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. acutirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller SVL, more pointed snout, angular corner of the jaws, and its small supratympanic ridges (in males and females). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FE094CF5FD49F5BA" ID-CoL="4S7PT" box="[479,668,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FE094CF5FD49F5BA" box="[479,668,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Rhinella scitula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it can be mostly distinguished by the poorly distinct cephalic crests, a more pointed snout, and less distinct paratoids. From
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FCBC4C8CFC56F59D" box="[874,899,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. E (in sympatry in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDE7569FB554C8CFAE5F582" box="[1155,1328,982,1008]" name="French Guiana" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and with which it can be easily confused) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FD9F4CA4FD28F265" ID-CoL="4S7MM" box="[585,765,1022,1047]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FD9F4CA4FD28F265" box="[585,765,1022,1047]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. castaneotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it can be distinguished by its larger size, the color of the iris (golden vs blue to green in
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FDD24B7CFDC8F24D" box="[516,541,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. E and greenish yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FCA14B7CFBF9F24D" ID-CoL="4S7MM" box="[887,1068,1062,1087]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FCA14B7CFBF9F24D" box="[887,1068,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. castaneotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the presence of a fleshy ridge at the tip of the snout, larger eyelids (UEW), longer tibia (TIBL), by having its nostrils closer to each other (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDE7569FF494B2EFF0DF2FC" box="[159,216,1140,1166]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">IND</collectingCountry>
|
||
), by having a clearly distinct tympanum, the presence of a lateral row of tubercules, and the outer metatarsal tubercule only two times smaller than the inner one (three times in
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FBD24BC6FB9DF2C7" box="[1028,1096,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
(E) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FB644BC6FABCF2C7" ID-CoL="4S7MM" box="[1202,1385,1180,1205]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FB644BC6FABCF2C7" box="[1202,1385,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. castaneotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FA554BC6FF26F2AF" ID-CoL="4S7NM" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FA554BC6FF26F2AF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDE7569FDC64B9EFD68F2AF" box="[528,701,1220,1245]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhamphophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnussoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FDC64B9EFD68F2AF" box="[528,701,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">R. magnussoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its slightly smaller size and by the tuberculated margins of the external part of the feet and the toes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351652AFFDE756BFF104A49FC7DF7D0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDE7569FF104A49FD68F380" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDE7569FF104A49FE09F35E" box="[198,476,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08803FFDE7569FEA14A49FE09F35E" box="[375,476,1299,1324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. MNHN 2006.2608 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDE7569FD0C4A48FCF7F35E" box="[730,802,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[220,1367,194,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – F: Holotype of R. lescurei (MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella sp. E (198 bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDE7569FCAE4A48FC31F35E" box="[888,996,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="38.3">38.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDE7569FBFC4A48FB46F35E" box="[1066,1171,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="14.6">14.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
at angle of jaws; head shorter than wide, HL
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDE7569FE494A60FDD9F326" box="[415,524,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In dorsal view, snout acuminate, protruding and rounded in lateral view, with pointed vertical fleshy ridge from tip of snout to mouth; canthus rostralis strongly concave, smooth, without crests; top of head flat; cephalic crests poorly developed; paratoid poorly developed, elongated posteriously; eyelid thick, wide, densely tuberculate; nares slightly protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; corner of mouth very angular; tympanum clearly visible, ovoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDE7569FF10495AFDC1F175" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Skin of dorsum and limbs covered with high spicules, more numerous on outer edges of limbs, eyelids, and jaws; sides with a lateral row of large tubercules. Forelimbs slender, relatively long, digits long; tips of digits slightly bulbous; lengths of fingers 4<1=2<3; webbing basal; edge of webbing spinulous; thenar (metacarpal) tubercule ovoid, subarticular and supernumerary tubercules present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDE7569FB8B492CFB73F0E2" box="[1117,1190,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[220,1367,194,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – F: Holotype of R. lescurei (MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella sp. E (198 bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hindlimbs slender, inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, approximately two times as large as outer; plantar surface with conical subarticular and many supernumerary tubercles. Length of toes 1<2<3<5<4, webbing well developed, edges of webbing very spinulose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDE7569FE6B49B7FDD0F175" box="[445,517,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[220,1367,194,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – F: Holotype of R. lescurei (MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella sp. E (198 bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDE7569FF10484FFB28F186" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Coloration: The dorsum has a leaf like pattern with successive shades of dark to light brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDE7569FAD2484FFA99F15D" box="[1284,1356,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[220,1367,194,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – F: Holotype of R. lescurei (MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella sp. E (198 bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dark brown triangular area are present on the head and lighter patches begin occur between the eyes and the middle of the flanks. Another dark brown mark begins at the middle of the flank and ends before the junction with legs; darker marks are also present across suface the limbs and the fingers. A large dorsal cream stripe extends from the tip of the snout to the end of the body. The flanks are dark brown except for a lighter mark under the eye. The throat is black with very smal white dots, and the belly is cream with large black spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF346629FFDF7568FF414874FBAEF1E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180008/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[241,1352,243,1790]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDF7568FF414874FBAEF1E0" blockId="9.[151,1436,1838,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDF7568FF414874FE81F134" bold="true" box="[151,340,1838,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 5 A–F:</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDF7568FE324875FD83F134" box="[484,598,1839,1862]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDF7568FE324875FD83F134" box="[484,598,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">R. lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN 2006.2608): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDF7568FDC2480EFDBBF119" box="[532,622,1876,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDF7568FDC2480EFDBBF119" box="[532,622,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. E (198bm), male, in dorsal view, f. living specimen, a male calling while perched on a vine. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDC756BFF104FC2FEEEF758" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFF104FC2FEE2F6C3" box="[198,311,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Va r ia ti o n.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is also highly polymorphic. The coloration of the back can be uniformly brown to light gray or with a variety of leaf-like patterns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDC756BFD0D4F9AFCF7F6A8" box="[731,802,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[273,1385,340,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[171,1416,194,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A-F: Holotype of R. martyi (MNHN 2006.2601): a. dorsal view, b. profile of head, c. ventral view of left foot, d. ventral view of left hand; e: Rhinella margaritifera (clade A) (138 bm), female, in dorsal view, f. living specimen MNHN 2006.2602. Arrows indicate one of the main character to differenciate the two species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180006/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a,f) with successive shades of dark to light brown or gray. A whitish mid-dorsal stripe can occur and can be very thin to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDC756BFC164FB2FBD3F770" box="[960,1030,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Flanks are generally darker than the back.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDC756BFF104E62FC7DF7D0" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFF104E62FE81F723" box="[198,340,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Vo c al iz a ti on</emphasis>
|
||
. The calls are long (several seconds) and composed of very short pulse groups that last for 30 ms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A24FFDC756BFF1F4E3AFEC4F708" box="[201,273,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,744,768]" captionTargetBox="[221,1364,474,719]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[221,1365,474,720]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6: Rhinella lescurei fragment of vocalization (two pulse-groups). (1) pulse-goup; (2) pulse." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180009/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C9031AFFDC756BFEC84E3AFEA2F708" box="[286,375,352,378]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[167,1431,213,508]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 2: Acoustic measurements. Means followed by sampling size (n) and standard deviation (sd) are presented." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF346629FFD8756FFF414FCDFAB8F6DD" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="DF346629FFD8756FFF414FCDFAB8F6DD">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Pulse groups are spaced out by 97.2 ms and comprise 4.8 pulses / group on average. The peak frequency is 1.16 kHz and the pulses last 3.45 ms on average.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF346629FFDC756BFF414DB2FB04F572" box="[151,1233,744,768]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180009/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[221,1364,474,719]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDC756BFF414DB2FB04F572" blockId="10.[151,1233,744,768]" box="[151,1233,744,768]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFF414DB2FECEF572" bold="true" box="[151,283,744,768]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 6:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDC756BFEF44DB3FE02F572" box="[290,471,745,768]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFEF44DB3FE02F572" box="[290,471,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Rhinella lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fragment of vocalization (two pulse-groups). (1) pulse-goup; (2) pulse.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351652AFFDC756BFF104C6EFEECF2C7" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDC756BFF104C6EFC58F267" blockId="10.[151,1436,819,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFF104C6EFE22F53F" box="[198,503,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Distribution and Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDC756BFDDC4C6EFD01F53F" box="[522,724,820,845]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFDDC4C6EFD01F53F" box="[522,724,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Rhinella lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDC756BFC084C69FB46F53F" box="[990,1171,819,845]" name="French Guiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, i.e. the southwestern (Haute Wanapi and Mitaraka), central (Saül), western (Litany) and northeastern portions (Cisame camp on Approuague river, Pararé station on Aratai river). Localities range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDC756BFC3B4CD9FBA9F5EF" box="[1005,1148,899,925]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 170 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level. During the rainy season (from November to January and from March to May), males call during day time within 10 meters of slowly running water. Calling males are usually isolated from each other and perched between 0.3 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B44FFDC756BFF1E4CA1FF20F267" box="[200,245,1019,1045]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
high on a vine, dead trunk or root. Amplexus is axillary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDC756BFF104B7EFEECF2C7" blockId="10.[151,1436,819,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDC756BFF104B7EFE59F24F" box="[198,396,1060,1085]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lescurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFF104B7EFE59F24F" box="[198,396,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Rhinella lescurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably occurs in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDC756BFCDA4B79FCA8F24F" box="[780,893,1059,1085]" name="Suriname" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Brazilian areas adjacent to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDC756BFB394B79FA49F24F" box="[1263,1436,1059,1085]" name="French Guiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDC756BFF1D4B11FEEAF217" box="[203,319,1099,1125]" name="Suriname" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Preliminary results of an analysis of genetic data spanning the distribution of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D22FFDC756BFAF24B16FF3FF2FF" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFAF24B16FF3FF2FF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">R. margaritifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group suggest that this taxon could be endemic to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7631FFDC756BFCAB4B29FC07F2FF" box="[893,978,1139,1165]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B50FFDC756BFBE14B29FAFBF2FF" author="Fouquet" box="[1079,1326,1139,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" refString="Fouquet, A., Vences, M., Salducci, M. D., Meyer, A., Marty, C., Blanc, M. & Gilles, A. (2007) Revealing cryptic diversity using molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography in frogs of the Scinax ruber and Rhinella margaritifera species groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43 (2), 567 - 582." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Fouquet
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFB754B2EFB0AF2FF" box="[1187,1247,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; authors’ unpubl. data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351652AFFDC756BFF104B9EFAD7F377" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436A1FFDC756BFF104B9EFAD7F377" blockId="10.[151,1436,819,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAB3FFDC756BFF104B9EFE97F2AF" box="[198,322,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The name of the species honors the herpetologist Jean Lescure who has worked in French Guina for decades and is considered the most important founder of French Guianan herpetology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |