314 lines
37 KiB
XML
314 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6D41250E49675BD8A3E13511E63D6A09">Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E253AE87D57D670C1F914DB3FFCA156">Viertler, Alexandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9891A39FC60BDF3EB917571E2022EA98">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F95A83139DD269699D01F26BACA0FB5B">Urfer, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7AEE3BE63353727A4BF0AED9A4E26BC3">Natural History Museum St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, 9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EC0091A9BC19CD93C6B5490F247BA6AA">Schulz, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ADEE75C4FA25FB9A3376C29F8CCA2666">Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B / C, & Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B / C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B1A8C759C9D1AC1B995143AC262EF083">Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FB8BCC2BA929137FD7A75B9AAB1F8CB">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B732BFFA4D9DB2239082E70802F85602">Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="24AAEA67EDD7EDBC83C3977D4E45A03F">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03E28783FFE0FFD5FCF5315D4194FAF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12773772" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235609669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12773772" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E28783FFE0FFD5FCF5315D4194FAF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E28783FFE0FFD5FCF5315D4194FAF2" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE0FFD7FCF5315D41E7FE9A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD7FCF5315D41E7FE9A" blockId="16.[813,1437,299,355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FCF5315D47D6FEBA" authority="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[813,1437,299,323]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulliveri" status="sp.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF5315D41A0FEBA" bold="true" box="[813,1003,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa gulliveri</emphasis>
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Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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nov. (
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<figureCitation id="13702A10FFE0FFD7FCBF313D41E8FE9A" box="[871,931,331,355]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[167,198,1821,1841]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,412,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-82@17.[189,1399,412,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8 Holotype of Rhyssa gulliveri sp. nov. A Habitus of specimen, lateral view. B Rugae dorsally on mesoscutum.C Face, anterior view, partially hidden by spider inclusion and milky coatings. D Face, more laterally with visible mandibles.E First tergite on metasoma, lateral view.F Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. G Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1 in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates.Scale bar A: 2 mm, B and C: 1 mm, D: upper 1 mm, lower 2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003028/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE0FFD7FCF531FD4193FE3A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD7FCF531FD4193FE3A" blockId="16.[813,1436,395,451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<uri id="FFDA3A97FFE0FFD7FCF531FD4193FE3A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFED0C40FFE0FFD7FBE231FD4193FE3A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FB7705BB-0A5E-424A-906E-94B76CFBFE40</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE0FFD7FCF5319D4767FDDA" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD7FCF5319D4767FDDA" blockId="16.[813,1436,491,547]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF5319D41E2FDFA" bold="true" box="[813,937,491,515]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
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: Named after Lemuel Gulliver from Gulliver’s Travels, who was trapped despite his body size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE0FFD7FCF5323D46CAFCB0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD7FCF5323D4127FD3A" blockId="16.[813,1437,587,707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF5323D41ABFD9A" bold="true" box="[813,992,587,611]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type specimen</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="54F08837FFE0FFD7FC2C323D4617FD9A" box="[1012,1116,587,611]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male (NMB F3742). Baltic amber. Location:
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<collectingRegion id="498FF877FFE0FFD7FC2A321D4688FD7A" box="[1010,1219,619,643]" country="Russia" name="Kaliningrad" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kaliningrad region</collectingRegion>
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(Yantarny,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7605FFE0FFD7FA90321D47D9FD7A" box="[1352,1426,619,643]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
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). Deposited in
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7605FFE0FFD7FC1232FD4607FD5A" box="[970,1100,651,675]" name="Switzerland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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, Natural History Museum in Basel.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD7FCF5328446CAFCB0" blockId="16.[813,1437,753,841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF532844195FCF0" bold="true" box="[813,990,753,778]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="54F08837FFE0FFD7FCF53284412DFCF3" box="[813,870,754,778]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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condition
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</emphasis>
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: Well preserved, with only minor milky coatings on the clypeus. Additional spider inclusion and trichomes, probably from oaks.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE0FFD7FCF5330541EEFA72" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD7FCF5330541EEFA72" blockId="16.[813,1437,883,1419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF533054666FC72" bold="true" box="[813,1069,883,907]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Systematic placement</emphasis>
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: The specimen is clearly placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FC9333E541FCFC52" authorityName="Morley" authorityYear="1913" box="[843,951,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhyssinae">Rhyssinae</taxonomicName>
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due to the distinct transverse rugae on the mesoscutum, dorsally absent occipital carina and the very short 1Cu vein in the hind wing. The chisel-shaped upper tooth (Character #2), the junction of occipital and oral carinae distant from the mandibular base (not coded), the very slender and elongate pterostigma (Character #140), and the presence of a narrow glymma (Character #162), suggest a placement in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FB29340541E2FB52" authority="Gravenhorst, 1829" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FB2934054770FB72" box="[1265,1339,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
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Gravenhorst, 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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. Also, the number of flagellomeres (Character #40), the shape of the anterior part of the pronotum with a longitudinal impression forming a channel (Character #47), and the position of the metacoxal cavity (Character #89) agree with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FC3835654661FAD2" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[992,1066,1299,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FC3835654661FAD2" box="[992,1066,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The combined-evidence analysis confirms the placement of the fossil in the extant genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FCF53525413CFA92" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[813,887,1363,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF53525413CFA92" box="[813,887,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with an attachment frequency of over 97% in the RoguePlot.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE0FFD6FCF535CF4740FEBA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE0FFD6FCF535CF4740FEBA" blockId="16.[813,1437,1465,1937]" lastBlockId="17.[813,1437,235,323]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF535CF41EBFA28" bold="true" box="[813,928,1465,1489]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: There are three other fossils described in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FCA035AF4189FA08" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[888,962,1497,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCA035AF4189FA08" box="[888,962,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all of them compression fossils in sediments, and more poorly preserved.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FB6C358F412AF9C8" authority="Heer, 1867" authorityName="Heer" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FB6C358F4710F9E8" box="[1204,1371,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa antiqua</emphasis>
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Heer, 1867
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FC25366F46E0F9C8" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1021,1195,1561,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulliveri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FC25366F46E0F9C8" box="[1021,1195,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa gulliveri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE0FFD7FB6E366C4746F9C8" box="[1206,1293,1562,1585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by having a very large and non-petiolate areolet, a straight 2m-cu and veins 4Cu and 5Cu of similar length.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FB2D362F4181F968" authority="Scudder, 1890" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FB2D362F4774F988" box="[1269,1343,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FA89362C47D7F988" box="[1361,1436,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">juvenis</emphasis>
|
||
Scudder, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is preserved poorly and, according to a recent revision (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFE0FFD7FC3036EF46AAF948" author="Spasojevic, T. & Broad, G. R. & Bennett, A. M. R. & Klopfstein, S." box="[1000,1249,1689,1713]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="35 - 63" refId="ref19345" refString="Spasojevic, T., Broad, G. R., Bennett, A. M. R., & Klopfstein, S. (2018). Ichneumonid parasitoid wasps from the early eocene green river formation: five new species and a revision of the known fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). PalZ, 92 (1), 35 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 017 - 0365 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">Spasojevic et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), its body parts seem to belong to several insect specimens. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FA9036CF4133F908" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FA9036CF47D9F928" box="[1352,1426,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCF536AC4133F908" box="[813,888,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">juvenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the only characteristics matching
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FB2436AF470DF908" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[1276,1350,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FB2436AF470DF908" box="[1276,1350,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the partially visible fore wing venation and the debatable presence of rugae on the mesoscutum. So, comparing its wing venation with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FBEB374F46ABF8A8" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1075,1248,1849,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulliveri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FBEB374F46ABF8A8" box="[1075,1248,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa gulliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE0FFD7FB31374C4774F8A8" box="[1257,1343,1850,1873]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
we find that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FCBB372C4192F888" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" box="[867,985,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FCBB372C4138F888" box="[867,883,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R</emphasis>
|
||
.?
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FC56372C4192F888" box="[910,985,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">juvenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more elongate and non-petiolate areolet.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE0FFD7FC51370F4687F868" authority="Brues, 1906" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1906" box="[905,1228,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE0FFD7FC51370F4674F868" box="[905,1087,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhyssa petiolata</emphasis>
|
||
Brues, 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described from a female specimen, which has
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE1FFD6FE36309D43B4FEFA" box="[494,511,235,259]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
|
||
6 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE1FFD6FD9F309A4012FEFA" box="[583,601,236,259]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
|
||
7 small and triangular, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE1FFD6FE82317D404CFEDA" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[346,519,267,291]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulliveri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FE82317D404CFEDA" box="[346,519,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhyssa gulliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE1FFD6FDC8317A402DFEDA" box="[528,614,268,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a male and has
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE1FFD6FF1E315D429CFEBA" box="[198,215,299,323]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
|
||
6 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE1FFD6FEFA315A437FFEBA" box="[290,308,300,323]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
|
||
7 similar in size as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE1FFD6FDCD315D406DFEBA" box="[533,550,299,323]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
|
||
4 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE1FFD6FDA9315D40CFFEBA" box="[625,644,299,323]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
|
||
6. Although the wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE1FFD6FEF5313D43A9FE9A" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1906" box="[301,482,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FEF5313D43A9FE9A" box="[301,482,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhyssa petiolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are poorly preserved, the areolet appears to be open, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE1FFD6FB2B309D47D6FEFA" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1267,1437,235,259]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulliveri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FB2B309D47D6FEFA" box="[1267,1437,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhyssa gulliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE1FFD6FCF5317A41C9FEDA" box="[813,898,268,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and all described extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE1FFD6FB7A317D4708FEDA" box="[1186,1347,267,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FB7A317D46A7FEDA" box="[1186,1260,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhyssa</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exceptions in some small males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFE1FFD6FB89315D46BFFEBA" author="Townes, H." box="[1105,1268,299,323]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 300" refId="ref19609" refString="Townes, H. (1969 a). The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 11, 1 - 300." type="journal article" year="1969">Townes, 1969a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF34661DFFE1FFD6FF7F376B4664F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12003028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003028/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[167,198,1821,1841]" targetBox="[189,1399,412,1808]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE1FFD6FF7F376B4664F878" blockId="17.[167,1376,1821,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FF7F376B4291F8C8" bold="true" box="[167,218,1821,1841]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE1FFD6FE96376B4383F8C8" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[334,456,1821,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulliveri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FE96376B4383F8C8" box="[334,456,1821,1841]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhyssa gulliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE1FFD6FE15376B4045F8C8" box="[461,526,1821,1841]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FDC9376B4054F8C8" bold="true" box="[529,543,1821,1841]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of specimen, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FC9A376B4105F8C8" bold="true" box="[834,846,1821,1841]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
Rugae dorsally on mesoscutum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FBBE376B4638F8C8" bold="true" box="[1126,1139,1821,1841]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
Face, anterior view, partially hidden by spider inclusion and milky coatings.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FDED3741400FF8B2" bold="true" box="[565,580,1847,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||
Face, more laterally with visible mandibles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FC6C374141F4F8B2" bold="true" box="[948,959,1847,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E</emphasis>
|
||
First tergite on metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FAD537414753F8B2" bold="true" box="[1293,1304,1847,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE1FFD6FE74372443F1F89F" bold="true" box="[428,442,1874,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
|
||
Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1 in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates.Scale bar A: 2 mm, B and C: 1 mm, D: upper 1 mm, lower 2 mm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE2FFD5FF4F309D4194FAF2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FF4F309D43C2FEDA" blockId="18.[151,775,235,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FF4F309D436BFEFA" bold="true" box="[151,288,235,259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
|
||
: Body
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B70FFE2FFD5FEA0309D4385FEFA" box="[376,462,235,259]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Colouration appears dark, either brown or black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FF4F313D40D1FBFA" blockId="18.[151,776,331,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FF4F313D4297FE9A" bold="true" box="[151,220,331,355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Face separated from clypeus, evenly convex. Mandibles bidentate, not twisted, apex width 0.58 × base width, about 1.5 × longer as base width; teeth appear chisel shaped, upper tooth length seems subequal to lower, width of upper tooth equal or slightly broader than lower. Malar space short, 0.3 × of mandible base width. Maxillary palps with five, labial palps with four segments. Clypeus flat, small, without transverse division, apical margin unclear. Labrum concealed. Apical tentorial pits normal sized. Inner orbits parallel in front view, straight opposite antennal sockets. Eyes without setae, height 0.86 × head height in lateral view. Ocelli normal sized. Genae smooth. Occipital carina present ventrally, appears absent dorsally; junction to hypostomal carina distant from mandibular base by about 0.6 × basal mandible. Vertex evenly rounded down to occipital carina. Antennae
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B70FFE2FFD5FED2333D432AFC9A" box="[266,353,843,867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with 32 segments; more or less even thickness throughout; scape from front view truncated at 40° to longitudinal axis, 1.5 × longer than wide (measured at longest/widest point), clearly larger than pedicle; first antennal segment length 4.2 × apical width; other antennal segment lengths about 1.2–2 × apical width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FF4F345D432AF8BD" blockId="18.[151,776,1067,1923]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FF4F345D4350FBBA" bold="true" box="[151,283,1067,1091]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum rather short, about 0.68 × longer than deep; epomia appears complete; anterior part rather long, triangularly protruding laterally; longitudinally impressed, forming a channel. Mesoscutum with sharp transverse rugae, appears evenly pubescent; notauli short, not reaching mid length of mesoscutum, strongly converging and deeply impressed anteriorly. Scutellum more or less flat, lateral longitudinal carina seems absent. Mesopleuron flat; epicnemical carina curving anterior but seems not to reach anterior margin of mesopleuron; sternaulus absent. Mesopleural furrow more or less straight with a shallow horizontal impression. Mesosternum appears transverse in front of fore coxa, posterior transverse carina of mesosternum absent. Metapleuron 1.4 × longer than deep; submetapleural carina complete, anterior section unmodified; pleural carina present as distinct carina on whole length; juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeum dorsally flattened, about as long as wide, hind margin simple; lateromedian carina absent; traces of lateral longitudinal carina posteriorly; anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina absent; spiracle oval, about 2.2 × longer than wide, separated from pleural carina by about its minimum diameter. Metacoxal cavity with dorsal margin above lower margin of metasomal foramen magnum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FF75373A4738FE5A" blockId="18.[151,776,1067,1923]" lastBlockId="18.[813,1437,235,419]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fore legs ventrally unspecialized; tibia without tooth; 4th tarsomere longer than wide. Fore and mid tibia with scattered long and stronger spines. Mid tibia with row of strong spikes on inner side apically; with two spurs, equal in length. Hind coxa 1.76 × longer as wide; femur 4.75– 5.2 × longer than wide, without modification; tibia with two spurs, inner slightly shorter than outer; 1st tarsomere 10.5 × longer than apically wide. Claws appear simple.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FCF531BA4715FC7D" blockId="18.[813,1437,460,901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FCF531BA4135FE1D" bold="true" box="[813,894,460,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||
Fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B70FFE2FFD5FC2231BB461AFE1D" box="[1018,1105,461,485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Areolet closed, strongly petiolate, oblique quadratic shape with 4M very short and 3rs-m similar length as 2Rs; 2m-cu slightly and evenly bowed outwards, with two bullae, that cover 20% of 2m-cu and are evenly distributed; vein 3rs-m with one bulla; 4Cu 1.9 × 5Cu; 4Rs appears sinusoidal; ramulus appears absent; 1cu-a postfurcal to 1M+1Rs with 2Cu 2 × 2Cu width, angle to vein 2Cu clearly smaller than 65°–70°; pterostigma 6.8 × longer than wide, 0.8 × 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FAAE32BB47C6FD1C" box="[1398,1421,717,741]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R</collectionCode>
|
||
1; cell 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FCB4329B41CBFCFC" box="[876,896,749,773]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R</collectionCode>
|
||
1 4.2 × longer than wide; 5M tubular; vein 2Cu 0.92 × 1M + 1Rs, 0.94 × r-rs; cell 2Cu 4.4 × longer than wide; 1m-cu&2Rs+M vein arched; 3Cu similar length than 2cu-a. Hind wing with cu-a 5.3 × 1Cu; veins 2Rs, 2M and 2Cu appear tubular throughout; 1Rs 1.6 × rs-m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FCF533C54194FAF2" blockId="18.[813,1437,947,1291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FCF533C541E6FC32" bold="true" box="[813,941,947,971]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B70FFE2FFD5FC6E33C54645FC33" box="[950,1038,947,970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, depressed to cylindrical.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FAEC33C54702FC32" box="[1332,1353,947,971]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1 parallel-sided in dorsal view, 1.8 × as long as posteriorly wide, evenly but weakly rounded throughout whole length in lateral view; glymma present; latero-median carina absent. S1 about 0.5 ×
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FBC63445467FFBB2" box="[1054,1076,1075,1099]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FB9234454614FBB2" box="[1098,1119,1075,1099]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1 slightly longer than
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FA9034454712FBB2" box="[1352,1369,1075,1099]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2 dorsally, separated by normal joint.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FB4F342546E3FB92" box="[1175,1192,1107,1131]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2 1.1 × as long as posteriorly wide; latero-median carina absent; laterotergites creased but appear more or less absent.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FB3B34E546BEFB52" box="[1251,1269,1171,1195]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
3–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FAC834E54769FB52" box="[1296,1314,1171,1195]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
6 subquadrate in dorsal view.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FBDC34C5465EFB32" box="[1028,1045,1203,1227]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
6 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FB8334C24626FB32" box="[1115,1133,1204,1227]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
7 similar in size. S7 flat and evenly sclerotized. Apex of aedeagus appears dorsoventrally depressed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |