405 lines
65 KiB
XML
405 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="7BD27D0AE3FDFDFC76717B55F3B01E90" ID-DOI="10.26879/746" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961491" ID-ZooBank="138AE090-E19F-442E-8BDF-13B8401B755E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712855266421" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cisneros, Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández" docDate="2018" docId="03E187C70F48FFF407B8FD85FE38FBD5" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.21.1.7A.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (7 A) 21 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/746" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.3:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae Cisneros 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="3B27C833-31FE-4DF7-9929-78E860A1EEF8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFD8FFBF0F4FFFFB0429FFF6FFFEFFB7" masterDocTitle="A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1713998747296" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0A10A59C8434B85F042D11122E856E69">
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<mods:title id="8BE36C48DB38FA57032812860D8BBAAB">A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6FF4D1D73A426900661D21A4C6918F0B">Cisneros, Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1B29456985F7265DAEF5E047A2BA7079">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E85D7A4C4C7B05428AFFB09ED0845338">
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<mods:date id="1085401971F5E00646CF9C37CD764FC7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="A2ECDFC091112A388834B6A72AB31CAF">7 A</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="F6B258EFA9E8845E92CD81C0629AC0D9">2018-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4ED3E07BC09F73BC365CA878D17AAA9C">21</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C769D065F2BA4F5783EB3E3BC8DC22C0">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/746</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F4E8112B43EBBEFC3993B88ED711D5D4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DFE9DAFCE6A543305C3624DFBBB70FFA" type="DOI">10.26879/746</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7065E90DD0F60C52711009AFAA2B4996" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA185FB66CACCA961CD35CC47BC9FC7A" type="Zenodo-Dep">10961491</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D32A50F44F959B19E510DC0EAF9D6B1F" type="ZooBank">138AE090-E19F-442E-8BDF-13B8401B755E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E187C70F48FFF407B8FD85FE38FBD5" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B27C833-31FE-4DF7-9929-78E860A1EEF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187C70F48FFF407B8FD85FE38FBD5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFFC07B8FD85FAA8FD3B" box="[913,1366,627,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC07B8FD85FAA8FD3B" blockId="7.[913,1366,627,684]" box="[913,1366,627,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0BF81BD0F48FFFC07B8FD85FAA8FD3B" box="[913,1366,627,652]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="7">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07B8FD85FB42FD3B" box="[913,1212,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC07B8FD85FB46FD3B" authority="Cisneros, 2018" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[913,1208,627,652]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae" status="sp. nov.">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57B80F48FFFC00EDFD85FAA8FD3B" box="[1220,1366,627,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFFC0018FD65FA7EFD65" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC0018FD65FB49FD1B" blockId="7.[913,1366,627,684]" box="[1073,1207,659,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<figureCitation id="13732A540F48FFFC0018FD65FB49FD1B" box="[1073,1207,659,684]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStart-5="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionStartId-1="9.[195,286,1461,1484]" captionStartId-2="10.[197,288,1306,1329]" captionStartId-3="11.[197,288,1396,1419]" captionStartId-4="12.[200,291,616,639]" captionStartId-5="12.[192,283,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetBox-1="[201,1434,165,1443]" captionTargetBox-2="[214,1417,178,1267]" captionTargetBox-3="[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetBox-4="[198,1433,162,586]" captionTargetBox-5="[204,1435,941,1816]" captionTargetId-0="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetId-1="figure-195@9.[201,1434,165,1443]" captionTargetId-2="figure-256@10.[200,1433,162,1284]" captionTargetId-3="figure-216@11.[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetId-4="figure-101@12.[198,1437,162,586]" captionTargetId-5="figure-120@12.[196,1436,937,1817]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, frontal view." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, posterior view." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, lateral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 8. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), ear region (1) with the left periotic bone (2-4), ventral view. Pars cochlearis (3), posteromedial view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961499" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961501" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961507" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961511" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10961499/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10961501/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10961507/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10961511/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 3-8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC0761FD48FA7EFD65" blockId="7.[840,1408,702,722]" box="[840,1408,702,722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0761FD48FA7EFD65" bold="true" box="[840,1408,702,722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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zoobank.org/
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<uuid id="FFEE0C040F48FFFC07FAFD48FA7EFD65" box="[979,1408,702,722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3B27C833-31FE-4DF7-9929-78E860A1EEF8</uuid>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFFC0761FD15FC50FACB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC0761FD15FC50FACB" blockId="7.[840,1441,739,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0761FD15FC30FD4B" bold="true" box="[840,974,739,764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The autapomorphic characters that distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC07F0FCF5FAF6FCAB" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[985,1288,771,796]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07F0FCF5FAF6FCAB" box="[985,1288,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from other known Oligocene archaic chaeomysticetes include:
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0761FCB5FCB0FCEB" box="[840,846,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">i</emphasis>
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) presence of an external occipital sulcus (new term) on the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07B2FC75FC59FC2B" box="[923,935,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ii</emphasis>
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) well-developed and deeper dorsal condyloid fossae;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07F2FC55FC13FC0B" box="[987,1005,931,956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">iii</emphasis>
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) well-defined supracondylar septum (new term that refers to the prominent elevation of dorsal surface on the middle line of the foramen magnum);
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07E7FBF5FC1FFBAB" box="[974,993,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">iv</emphasis>
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) a prominent exoccipital posteriorly directed farther from the posterior edge of the occipital condyles;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0018FBB5FBC0FBEB" box="[1073,1086,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">v</emphasis>
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) inflated and rounded squamosal prominence;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC001CFB95FBB6FBCB" box="[1077,1096,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">vi</emphasis>
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) posterior end of basioccipital crests transversally aligned to the level of the straight postglenoid process;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC00CCFB55FB00FB0B" box="[1253,1278,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">vii</emphasis>
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) posteriorly exposed ventral surface of the paroccipital process of the exoccipital;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0034FB15FBC2FB4B" box="[1053,1084,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">viii</emphasis>
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) postglenoid process at same level that the ventral edge of the exoccipital, lateral view;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07B9FAD5FC5DFA8B" box="[912,931,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ix</emphasis>
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) half-moon shaped fenestra rotunda; and
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0761FAB5FCABFAEB" box="[840,853,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">x</emphasis>
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) a flattened anteroposteriorly compound posterior process.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFFC0761FA75FC6DF9AB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC0761FA75FC6DF9AB" blockId="7.[840,1441,739,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0761FA75FC28FA2B" bold="true" box="[840,982,1411,1436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC00F1FA75FC6FFA0B" authority="(Latinized)" baseAuthorityName="Latinized" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC00F1FA75FAAAFA2B" box="[1240,1364,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">guaycurae</emphasis>
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(Latinized)
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</taxonomicName>
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recognizes the ‘Guaycura’ indigenous group that lived throughout the municipality of La Paz,
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<collectingRegion id="498CF8330F48FFFC0761FA15FBD4FA4A" box="[840,1066,1507,1533]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
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, region where the
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<typeStatus id="54F388730F48FFFC012DFA15FA97FA4B" box="[1284,1385,1507,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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was found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFF30761F9D5FDD7F94A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFF30761F9D5FE07FA0A" blockId="7.[840,1441,739,1884]" lastBlockId="8.[192,793,1412,1789]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<materialsCitation id="3B203C8C0F48FFFC0761F9D5FA5FF9EA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="MHN-UABCS_EcSj5/06/31" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0761F9D5FC4AF98B" bold="true" box="[840,948,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC07E8F9D5FB17F98B" box="[961,1257,1571,1596]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
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||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07E8F9D5FB17F98B" box="[961,1257,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the
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||
<typeStatus id="54F388730F48FFFC07FDF9B5FBC3F9EB" box="[980,1085,1603,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBEE9EAA0F48FFFC0070F9B5FA63F9EA" box="[1113,1437,1603,1629]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHN-UABCS_EcSj5/06/31</specimenCode>
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||
,
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</materialsCitation>
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which includes a partial cranium without rostrum, mandibles and postcranial bones. The best-preserved fragments of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC0045F955FA5EF90B" box="[1132,1440,1699,1724]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0045F955FA5EF90B" box="[1132,1440,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
include a left broken zygomatic process of squamosal, a well preserved left squamosal fossa, a glenoid fossa, a supraoccipital without apical portion, occipital condyles, left part of the exoccipital, basioccipital, and an almost complete left periotic bone. Specimen was collected by G. Gonzalez-Barba,
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<date id="FFF610110F47FFF3053FFA52FE0BFA0A" box="[278,501,1444,1469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1991-12-01">December 1, 1991</date>
|
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF3766590F47FFF304ECFAD0FC04FA8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961497" box="[197,1018,1318,1341]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" targetBox="[230,1425,163,1272]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF304ECFAD0FC04FA8A" blockId="8.[197,1018,1318,1341]" box="[197,1018,1318,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF304ECFAD0FEC5FA8A" bold="true" box="[197,315,1318,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F47FFF30568FAD0FDB6FA8A" box="[321,584,1318,1341]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF30568FAD0FDB6FA8A" box="[321,584,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF304E9FA32FF28F98A" blockId="8.[192,793,1412,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B203C8C0F47FFF304E9FA32FF31F98A" country="Mexico" latitude="24.43916" location="El Saladito" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-110.69512" municipality="La Paz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California Sur" typeStatus="type">
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||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF304E9FA32FE99FA6A" bold="true" box="[192,359,1476,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F388730F47FFF304E9FA32FF02FA6A" box="[192,252,1476,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality.
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8E97600A0F47FFF30559FA32FE0CFA69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187C70F48FFF407B8FD85FE38FBD5:8E97600A0F47FFF30559FA32FE0CFA69" box="[368,498,1476,1502]" country="Mexico" latitude="24.43916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-110.69512" municipality="La Paz" name="El Saladito" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Baja California Sur">El Saladito</location>
|
||
(mine spoils),
|
||
<location id="8E97600A0F47FFF3068CFA32FEADFA49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187C70F48FFF407B8FD85FE38FBD5:8E97600A0F47FFF3068CFA32FEADFA49" country="Mexico" latitude="24.43916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-110.69512" municipality="La Paz" name="San Juan de la Costa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Baja California Sur">San Juan de la Costa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B93ACAB0F47FFF3054BFA12FE43FA4A" box="[354,445,1508,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">La Paz</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF8330F47FFF305E5FA12FD4BFA49" box="[460,693,1508,1534]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F76410F47FFF306EDFA12FCE7FA4A" box="[708,793,1508,1533]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C50160F47FFF304EFF9F2FEA9F9AA" box="[198,343,1540,1565]" degrees="24.43916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="24.43916">24.43916 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C50160F47FFF30543F9F2FDF1F9AA" box="[362,527,1540,1565]" degrees="110.69512" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="-110.69512">110.69512 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). See details in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F47FFF306E5F9F2FF31F98A" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[192,283,1258,1281]" captionTargetBox="[356,1275,164,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-276@4.[356,1275,164,1236]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map locality, 1) state of Baja California Sur, Mexico; 2) Oligocene outcrops of San Juan Member, El Cien Formation; 3) El Saladito and mesa El Tosoro fossilferous localities, north to San Juan de la Costa village." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961493/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF304E9F9B2FDF0F90A" blockId="8.[192,793,1412,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF304E9F9B2FED4F9EA" bold="true" box="[192,298,1604,1629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Horizon.</emphasis>
|
||
From a phosphatic grey fine sandstone bed ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B340F47FFF30520F992FECAF9CA" box="[265,308,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
above the Humboldt bed at the general stratigraphic column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F47FFF305EBF972FDD5F92A" box="[450,555,1668,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[197,288,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[327,1308,172,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[323,1312,168,1753]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. General stratigraphy and observations at mesa El Tesoro; 1) view of the strata over the mined phosphatic Humboldt bed; 2-3) position of the gray phosphatic sandstone over the Humboldt bed; 4) fossils Tlaxcallicetus cf. guaycurae in situ in the gray phosphatic sandstone and 5) ventral view, left ear region of Tlaxcallicetus sp., field observation at mesa El Tesoro." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961495/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) of San Juan de la
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF8330F47FFF304E9F952FEFBF909" box="[192,261,1700,1726]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F47FFF3053AF952FDFCF90A" author="Schwennicke, T." box="[275,514,1700,1726]" journalOrPublisher="Zentralblatt Geologie Palaontologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="567 - 580" part="1" refId="ref12645" refString="Schwennicke, T. 1994. Deep and shallow water phosphorite-bearing strata of the Upper Oligocene of Baja California, Mexico (San Juan Member, El Cien Formation). Zentralblatt Geologie Palaontologie, 1: 567 - 580." title="Deep and shallow water phosphorite-bearing strata of the Upper Oligocene of Baja California, Mexico (San Juan Member, El Cien Formation)" type="book" year="1994">Schwennicke, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF304E9F932FDD7F94A" blockId="8.[192,793,1412,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF304E9F932FF07F96A" bold="true" box="[192,249,1732,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Age.</emphasis>
|
||
Late Oligocene, ~27 Ma based on the planktonic foraminifera (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F47FFF40761FA72FE38FBD5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF30761FA72FC25FA2A" blockId="8.[840,987,1412,1437]" box="[840,987,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF30761FA72FC25FA2A" bold="true" box="[840,987,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF30761FA42FAA9F95A" blockId="8.[840,1441,1460,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF30761FA42FC56FA7A" bold="true" box="[840,936,1460,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parietal</emphasis>
|
||
. A small posterior part of parietals is preserved. The surface is concave and fused to the squamosal. No foramina or other important characters are seen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F47FFF307D0F9E2FB8EF99A" box="[1017,1136,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionTargetBox="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F47FFF30057F9E2FB6EF99A" box="[1150,1168,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[197,288,1306,1329]" captionTargetBox="[214,1417,178,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-256@10.[200,1433,162,1284]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961501/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F47FFF300B6F9E2FB4CF99A" box="[1183,1202,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[200,291,616,639]" captionTargetBox="[198,1433,162,586]" captionTargetId="figure-101@12.[198,1437,162,586]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961507/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The parietal/squamosal suture obliquely descends over the anterior portion of the squamosal fossa. Its contact with the sphenoid bone is not well defined; the suture is dorsally and posteriorly convex, close to the nuchal crest, and apparently, the parietal forms most of the nuchal crest together with the supraoccipital.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F47FFF10761F902FE85FA5C" blockId="8.[840,1441,1460,1901]" lastBlockId="10.[192,793,1394,1899]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F47FFF30761F902FBF8F8B9" bold="true" box="[840,1030,1780,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Supraoccipital.</emphasis>
|
||
The apex of the supraoccipital is broken, and the nuchal crests are practically eroded. A small preserved anterior portion suggests that the anteromedial surface of the supraoccipital was elevated relative to the posteromedial part, and may have had a triangular profile in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F46FFF20511F9A6FE5BF9DE" box="[312,421,1616,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionTargetBox="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nuchal crest is dorsally convex and ventrally concave on the parietosquamosal surface, and overhangs the squamosal fossa. Its posterior part turns down over the exoccipital/squamosal suture, and an inflexion defines the origin of the eroded supramastoid crest, which extended laterally over the exoccipital/squamosal contact. It does not follow a continuous path over the dorsal surface of the zygomatic process. The nuchal crest runs posteriorly directed and falls into a vertical profile as in the basilosaurids. The posterior middle part of the supraoccipital is depressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F46FFF20767F986FC44F93E" box="[846,954,1648,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[197,288,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, posterior view." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its surface is smooth and flat (slightly convex) with a sagittal oval sulcus (external occipital sulcus) in the middle anterior part of the flat surface. The external occipital sulcus is around
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B340F46FFF20175F926FA5EF95E" box="[1372,1440,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
deeper, and is unique for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F46FFF20052F906FA61F8BE" box="[1147,1439,1776,1801]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F46FFF20052F906FA61F8BE" box="[1147,1439,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F46FFF20767F8E6FC2DF89E" box="[846,979,1808,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[197,288,1091,1114]" captionTargetBox="[212,1422,169,1061]" captionTargetId="figure-363@13.[209,1429,167,1064]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Detailed features of Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), (1) pitted edge in the glenoid fossa that suggest a fibrocartilaginous joint; (2) inflated and rounded squamosal prominence; (3) external occipital sulcus on the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961513/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 9.3</figureCitation>
|
||
). No other known mysticete has one. This sulcus is probably a reinforcement of the epaxial muscle for feeding proposes maintaining a strong atlantooccipital joint associated to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F45FFF106E6FA84FECFFA7C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rectus capitis dorsalis major and the rectus capitis dorsalis minor</emphasis>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F45FFF105A4FA44FDBDFA7C" author="Bouetel, V." box="[397,579,1458,1483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="139 - 146" part="86" refId="ref10340" refString="Bouetel, V. 2005. Phylogenetic implications of skull structure and feeding behavior in balaenopterids (Cetacea, Mysticeti). Journal of Mammalogy, 86: 139 - 146." title="Phylogenetic implications of skull structure and feeding behavior in balaenopterids (Cetacea, Mysticeti)" type="book" year="2005">Bouetel, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F45FFF10672FA44FE8FFA5C" author="Evans, H. D. & de Lahunta, A." journalOrPublisher="Elsevier, China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref10578" refString="Evans, H. D. and de Lahunta, A. 2013. Miller's Anatomy of the Dog (fourth edition). Elsevier, China." title="Miller's Anatomy of the Dog (fourth edition)" type="book" year="2013">Evans and de Lahunta, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F46FFF204EAFA43FC00FA7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961499" box="[195,1022,1461,1484]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961499/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[195,286,1461,1484]" targetBox="[201,1434,165,1443]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F46FFF204EAFA43FC00FA7B" blockId="9.[195,1022,1461,1484]" box="[195,1022,1461,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F46FFF204EAFA43FEC7FA7B" bold="true" box="[195,313,1461,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F46FFF20516FA43FDBBFA7B" box="[319,581,1461,1484]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F46FFF20516FA43FDBBFA7B" box="[319,581,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F45FFF104ECFAECFC05FA86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961501" box="[197,1019,1306,1329]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961501/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[197,288,1306,1329]" targetBox="[214,1417,178,1267]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F45FFF104ECFAECFC05FA86" blockId="10.[197,1019,1306,1329]" box="[197,1019,1306,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F45FFF104ECFAECFEC5FA86" bold="true" box="[197,315,1306,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F45FFF10568FAECFDB6FA86" box="[321,584,1306,1329]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F45FFF10568FAECFDB6FA86" box="[321,584,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F45FFF004E9FA04FE73F9D2" blockId="10.[192,793,1394,1899]" lastBlockId="11.[192,793,1484,1893]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F45FFF104E9FA04FEADF9BC" bold="true" box="[192,339,1522,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Exoccipital.</emphasis>
|
||
Posteriorly, the supraoccipital meets the exoccipital (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F45FFF1055CF9E4FE14F99C" box="[373,490,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionTargetBox="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F45FFF105DCF9E4FDF9F99C" box="[501,519,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[197,288,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, posterior view." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal to the occipital condyles, a particularly deep, rounded, and well-developed dorsal condyloid fossa appears. This feature is present in other Oligocene primitive mysticetes as a shallow depression; for example, in eomysticetids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F45FFF10558F944FCF1F97C" author="Boessenecker, R. W. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[369,783,1714,1739]" journalOrPublisher="Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="107 - 140" part="1" refId="ref10134" refString="Boessenecker, R. W. and Fordyce, R. E. 2014. A new eomysticetid (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the late Oligocene of New Zealand and a reevaluation of " Mauicetus " waitakiensis. Papers in Palaeontology, 1: 107 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / spp 2.1005" title="A new eomysticetid (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the late Oligocene of New Zealand and a reevaluation of " Mauicetus " waitakiensis" type="book" year="2014">Boessenecker and Fordyce, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or some aetiocetids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F45FFF105FCF924FD24F95C" author="Barnes, L. G. & Kimura, M. & Furusawa, H. & Sawamura, H." box="[469,730,1746,1771]" journalOrPublisher="The Island Arc" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="392 - 431" part="3" refId="ref9926" refString="Barnes, L. G., Kimura, M., Furusawa, H., and Sawamura, H. 1995. Classification and distribution of Oligocene Aetiocetedae (Mammalia; Cetacea; Mysticeti) from western North America and Japan. The Island Arc, 3: 392 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 1738.1994. tb 00122. x" title="Classification and distribution of Oligocene Aetiocetedae (Mammalia; Cetacea; Mysticeti) from western North America and Japan" type="journal article" year="1995">Barnes et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but apparently, it is also present in many cetaceans and provides a room for movements of the atlas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F45FFF104EFF8C4FE07F8FC" author="Mead, J. G. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[198,505,1842,1867]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 248" part="627" refId="ref12197" refString="Mead, J. G. and Fordyce, R. E. 2009. The therian skull: a lexicon with emphasis on the odontocetes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 627: 1 - 248." title="The therian skull: a lexicon with emphasis on the odontocetes" type="book" year="2009">Mead and Fordyce, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Between the condyloid fossae, a well-defined and prominent supracondylar septum is present. It is not certain if the latter is common in cetaceans with deeper dorsal condyloid fossae; however, a tenuous form of this septum is seen in some fossils (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F45FFF10091FA24FC75F9BC" authorityName="Sanders & Barnes" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Eomysticetidae" genus="Eomysticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F45FFF10091FA24FC75F9BC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eomysticetus whitmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Laterally, the exoccipital is located posterior to the squamosal; it is prominent and posteriorly directed towards the posterior edge of the occipital condyles. This pronounced extension is dorsoventrally thick (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B340F45FFF107CBF984FBC5F93C" box="[994,1083,1650,1675]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
at its posterior end). From a dorsal view, it has a semicircular outline, and the dorsal surface is slightly concave. This feature is unique in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F45FFF107EBF924FB9CF95C" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[962,1122,1746,1771]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F45FFF107EBF924FB9CF95C" box="[962,1122,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ventrally, the paroccipital process in the exoccipital is thick (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B340F45FFF100D1F904FAAEF8BC" box="[1272,1360,1778,1803]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterposterioly) and is exposed posteroventrally. Apparently, its surface has a broad attachment area for the abductor digastric muscle (see El Adli and Deméré, 2015). The jugular notch is open widely between the exoccipital and basioccipital crest. A hypoglossal foramen is situated near to the posterior end of the basioccipital crest and opens into the jugular notch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F44FFF004ECFA82FBE8FA3C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961503" box="[197,1046,1396,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[197,288,1396,1419]" targetBox="[206,1429,167,1365]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F44FFF004ECFA82FBE8FA3C" blockId="11.[197,1046,1396,1419]" box="[197,1046,1396,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F44FFF004ECFA82FEC5FA3C" bold="true" box="[197,315,1396,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F44FFF00568FA82FDB6FA3C" box="[321,584,1396,1419]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F44FFF00568FA82FDB6FA3C" box="[321,584,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F44FFF704E9F99AFE75FD43" blockId="11.[192,793,1484,1893]" lastBlockId="12.[192,792,699,884]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F44FFF004E9F99AFE95F932" bold="true" box="[192,363,1644,1669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basioccipital.</emphasis>
|
||
The basioccipital forms the cranial base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F44FFF0053BF97AFE7EF912" box="[274,384,1676,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[195,286,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[201,1434,165,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[201,1434,165,1443]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961499/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)–basilar part (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F44FFF0066BF97AFD77F912" box="[578,649,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F44FFF006B5F97AFEFCF972" author="Fitzgerald, E. M. G." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="367 - 476" part="158" refId="ref10668" refString="Fitzgerald, E. M. G. 2010. The morphology and systematics of Mammalodon colliveri (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a thoothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158: 367 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00572. x" title="The morphology and systematics of Mammalodon colliveri (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a thoothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia" type="journal article" year="2010">Fitzgerald, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is smooth medially and becomes flat to slightly convex dorsally. Anteriorly, it is fused to the basisphenoid and ventrally overlaps to the posterior end of vomer (nasal plates fragment). Ventrolaterally, the basilar part extends forming a prominent and thick basioccipital crest with a slightly eroded convex surface. Basioccipital crest is long and bulbous, mediolaterally and dorsoventrally thickened, as in all mysticetes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F44FFF00108F9FAFC74F9F2" author="Fitzgerald, E. M. G." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="367 - 476" part="158" refId="ref10668" refString="Fitzgerald, E. M. G. 2010. The morphology and systematics of Mammalodon colliveri (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a thoothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158: 367 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00572. x" title="The morphology and systematics of Mammalodon colliveri (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a thoothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia" type="journal article" year="2010">Fitzgerald, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The crest curves laterally in a right angle at the level of the postglenoid process. The entire crest extends between the middle part of the pterygoid sinus fossa and postglenoid process. Its lateral margin is concave and forms part of the pterygoid sinus fossa, and the blunt apex marginally overhangs the head of the periotic as well as over the periotic fossa. Moreover, the crest is transversally thick, around ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B340F44FFF0007FF8DAFB53F8F2" box="[1110,1197,1836,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, near its posterior tip end. This latter feature also distinguishes it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F43FFF704E9FD2DFE75FD43" box="[192,395,731,756]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F43FFF704E9FD2DFE9EFD43" box="[192,352,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F43FFF704E1FD9EFC02FDC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961507" box="[200,1020,616,639]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961507/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[200,291,616,639]" targetBox="[198,1433,162,586]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F43FFF704E1FD9EFC02FDC8" blockId="12.[200,1020,616,639]" box="[200,1020,616,639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F43FFF704E1FD9EFEC0FDC8" bold="true" box="[200,318,616,639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F43FFF7056DFD9EFDB4FDC8" box="[324,586,616,639]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F43FFF7056DFD9EFDB4FDC8" box="[324,586,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F43FFF504E9FD0DFD73FA64" blockId="12.[192,792,699,884]" lastBlockId="14.[192,792,1434,1907]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F43FFF704E9FD0DFE61FCA3" bold="true" box="[192,415,763,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Squamosal bone.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal squamosal surface meets the posterior part of the parietal, and both form the concave space of the squamosal fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F43FFF704EFFCADFECFFCC3" box="[198,305,859,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionTargetBox="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F43FFF70569FCADFEADFCC3" box="[320,339,859,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[197,288,1306,1329]" captionTargetBox="[214,1417,178,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-256@10.[200,1433,162,1284]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961501/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fossa is anteroposteriorly short and transversally broad. A rounded and inflated squamosal prominence rules the lateral surface of the squamosal fossa at the medial part of the base of the zygomatic process of the squamosal. The base of the zygomatic process is transversally wide and posteriorly fused into the exoccipital. The supramastoid crest is broken, it is laterally directed and continues between the nuchal crest and exoccipital joint but is not present over the zygomatic process. Dorsolaterally and next to the squamosal prominence occurs a broad sternocephalicus fossa with a flat to slightly convex surface. Its oval area is limited by a blunt and thin ridge. Ventrally, the postglenoid process is exposed on the posterolateral margin of the base of zygomatic process. The apex of the zygomatic process is broken but in the anterior view can be seen a round transverse section that suggests a conical shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F42FFF60612F9C6FD58F9FE" box="[571,678,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[197,288,1306,1329]" captionTargetBox="[214,1417,178,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-256@10.[200,1433,162,1284]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961501/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left glenoid fossa is broad and concave. Its outline is nearly semicircular with the anterolateral margin marked by a visible pitted surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F42FFF606AFF966FCF2F91E" box="[646,780,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[197,288,1091,1114]" captionTargetBox="[212,1422,169,1061]" captionTargetId="figure-363@13.[209,1429,167,1064]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Detailed features of Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), (1) pitted edge in the glenoid fossa that suggest a fibrocartilaginous joint; (2) inflated and rounded squamosal prominence; (3) external occipital sulcus on the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961513/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 9.1</figureCitation>
|
||
). These pits could imply the presence of a possible non-synovial and fibrocartilaginous joint, similar to the one in balaenopterids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F42FFF60600F906FEFFF89E" author="Lambertsen, R. & Ulrich, N. & Straley, J." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="877 - 899" part="76" refId="ref11984" refString="Lambertsen, R., Ulrich, N., and Straley, J. 1995. Frontomandibular stay of Balaenopteridae: a mechanism for momentum recapture during feeding. Journal of Mammalogy, 76 (3): 877 - 899." title="Frontomandibular stay of Balaenopteridae: a mechanism for momentum recapture during feeding" type="book" year="1995">Lambertsen et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, the glenoid fossa is limited by a perpendicular and straight postglenoid process (relative to the sagittal axis), which is aligned to the rear of the basioccipital crest. The postglenoid process is relatively thick in lateral view and posteroventrally directed. Thus, it is different from the anteriorly curving postglenoid process present in archaic tooth-bearing mysticetes as the aetiocetids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F42FFF60767FA86FBCCFA3E" author="Barnes, L. G. & Kimura, M. & Furusawa, H. & Sawamura, H." box="[846,1074,1392,1417]" journalOrPublisher="The Island Arc" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="392 - 431" part="3" refId="ref9926" refString="Barnes, L. G., Kimura, M., Furusawa, H., and Sawamura, H. 1995. Classification and distribution of Oligocene Aetiocetedae (Mammalia; Cetacea; Mysticeti) from western North America and Japan. The Island Arc, 3: 392 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 1738.1994. tb 00122. x" title="Classification and distribution of Oligocene Aetiocetedae (Mammalia; Cetacea; Mysticeti) from western North America and Japan" type="journal article" year="1995">Barnes et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or the eomysticetids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F42FFF60113FA86FBBCFA1E" author="Sanders, A. E. & Barnes, L. G." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 293" part="93" refId="ref12532" refString="Sanders, A. E. and Barnes, L. G. 2002 a. Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge formations of South Carolina, 2: Micromysticetus rothauseni, a primitive cetotheriid mysticete (Mammalia: Cetacea). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 93: 271 - 293." title="Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge formations of South Carolina, 2: Micromysticetus rothauseni, a primitive cetotheriid mysticete (Mammalia: Cetacea)" type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Sanders and Barnes, 2002
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F42FFF6001AFA66FB5AFA1E" author="Sanders, A. E. & Barnes, L. G." box="[1075,1188,1424,1449]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Paleontology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="313 - 356" part="93" refId="ref12588" refString="Sanders, A. E. and Barnes, L. G. 2002 b. Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3: Eomysticetidae, a new family of primitive mysticetes (Mammalia: Cetacea). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleontology, 93: 313 - 356." title="Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3: Eomysticetidae, a new family of primitive mysticetes (Mammalia: Cetacea)" type="book" year="2002">a, 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F42FFF60090FA66FBF7FA7E" author="Boessenecker, R. W. & Fordyce, R. E." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="607 - 660" part="175" refId="ref10194" refString="Boessenecker, R. W. and Fordyce, R. E. 2015 a. A new genus and species of eomysticetid (Cetacea: Mysticeti) and a reinterpretation of ' Mauicetus' lophocephalus Marples, 1956: Transitional baleen whales from the upper Oligocene of New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175: 607 - 660. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12297" title="A new genus and species of eomysticetid (Cetacea: Mysticeti) and a reinterpretation of ' Mauicetus' lophocephalus Marples, 1956: Transitional baleen whales from the upper Oligocene of New Zealand" type="journal article" year="2015">Boessenecker and Fordyce, 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F42FFF6003EFA46FB99FA7E" author="Boessenecker, R. W. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[1047,1127,1456,1481]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1129" part="3" refId="ref10269" refString="Boessenecker, R. W. and Fordyce, R. E. 2015 b. Anatomy, feeding ecology, and ontogeny of a transitional baleen whale: a new genus and species of Eomysticetidae (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand. PeerJ, 1 - 69. 3: e 1129; https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1129" title="Anatomy, feeding ecology, and ontogeny of a transitional baleen whale: a new genus and species of Eomysticetidae (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand" type="journal article" year="2015">2015b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, it is small and not prominent ventrally or posteriorly, and is aligned ventrally to the paroccipital process of the exoccipital. Posteriorly to the postglenoid process, a broad postglenoid notch opens. Inside, the external acoustic meatus is mediolaterally long and relatively narrow anteroposteriorly, between the anterior and posterior meatal crests of the squamosal. Medially to the glenoid fossa, the falciform process is broken. The pterygoid sinus fossa is a deep cavity with an ovoid shape and anterolaterally, the foramen ovale canal crosses the pterygoid sinus fossa. A small and indistinct fossa for sigmoid process is also present near the spiny process of the squamosal. The left periotic is
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF50616FA6CFD77FA04" box="[575,649,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
and practically complete within the periotic fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F43FFF704E9F8CCFD97F8D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961511/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[192,283,1850,1873]" targetBox="[204,1435,941,1816]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F43FFF704E9F8CCFD97F8D9" blockId="12.[192,1431,1850,1902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F43FFF704E9F8CCFEC9F8E6" bold="true" box="[192,311,1850,1873]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F43FFF70516F8CCFDB9F8E6" box="[319,583,1850,1873]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F43FFF70516F8CCFDB9F8E6" box="[319,583,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), ear region (1) with the left periotic bone (2-4), ventral view. Pars cochlearis (3), posteromedial view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F42FFF604ECFBB5FD7DFB22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961513/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[197,288,1091,1114]" targetBox="[212,1422,169,1061]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F42FFF604ECFBB5FD7DFB22" blockId="13.[197,1437,1091,1173]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F42FFF604ECFBB5FEC2FBED" bold="true" box="[197,316,1091,1114]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Detailed features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F42FFF60635FBB5FCDAFBED" box="[540,804,1091,1114]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F42FFF60635FBB5FCDAFBED" box="[540,804,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31), (1) pitted edge in the glenoid fossa that suggest a fibrocartilaginous joint; (2) inflated and rounded squamosal prominence; (3) external occipital sulcus on the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3766590F41FFF504E1FB0FFD85FAFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961515/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[200,291,1273,1296]" targetBox="[205,1430,170,1244]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F41FFF504E1FB0FFD85FAFC" blockId="14.[200,1436,1273,1355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF504E1FB0FFEB2FAA6" bold="true" box="[200,332,1273,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Ear region and left periotic comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF50777FB0CFBB5FAA6" box="[862,1099,1274,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF50777FB0CFC10FAA6" box="[862,1006,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF500CAFB0CFA62FAA6" box="[1251,1436,1274,1297]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF500CAFB0CFA8DFAA6" box="[1251,1395,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/18/95) (1-2),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF505F8FAE1FD27FA99" box="[465,729,1303,1326]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF505F8FAE1FD27FA99" box="[465,729,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MU EcSj5/06/31) (3-4), and specimen found at mesa El Tesoro,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF504E1FAC2FE7CFAFC" box="[200,386,1332,1355]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF504E1FAC2FEA6FAFC" box="[200,344,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, field observation (5-6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F41FFF504E9FA2CFE2FF884" blockId="14.[192,792,1434,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF504E9FA2CFDB5FA44" bold="true" box="[192,587,1498,1523]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vomer/ Alisphenoid/ Pterygoid.</emphasis>
|
||
Some fragments of the alisphenoid, vomer, and pterygoid are preserved. The pterygoid is lateral to the posterior end of the vomer (nasal plates) but is broken. Apparently, the pterygoid forms part of the foramen ovale, and a thin medial lamina of the pterygoid is preserved. Alisphenoid is fused laterally to the pterygoid and represents just a portion of the ventral surface of the braincase. The nasal plates of vomer are wide transversally and are divided by an eroded vomerine crest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F41FFF404E9F8CCFE38FBD5" blockId="14.[192,792,1434,1907]" lastBlockId="15.[192,793,169,1122]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF504E9F8CCFED7F8E4" bold="true" box="[192,297,1850,1875]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Periotic.</emphasis>
|
||
The periotic is the best diagnostic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF504CBF8ACFE7CF8C4" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[226,386,1882,1907]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF504CBF8ACFE7CF8C4" box="[226,386,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF5059EF8ACFD19F8C4" box="[439,743,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF5059EF8ACFD1CF8C4" box="[439,738,1882,1907]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the periotic is basically complete, but the dorsal surface (internal acoustic meatus, suprameatal area, superior process, the aperture to the vestibular aqueduct, and the cochlear aqueduct) is not visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F41FFF50767F9ECFC4BF984" box="[846,949,1562,1587]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[192,283,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[204,1435,941,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-120@12.[196,1436,937,1817]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), ear region (1) with the left periotic bone (2-4), ventral view. Pars cochlearis (3), posteromedial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961511/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, it is anatomically similar to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F41FFF50761F9CCFBE5F9E4" box="[840,1051,1594,1619]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F41FFF50761F9CCFC16F9E4" box="[840,1000,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE140F41FFF50019F9CCFBA5F9E4" box="[1072,1115,1594,1619]" country="USA" name="Midwestern University" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MU</collectionCode>
|
||
EcSj5/18/95), left periotic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F41FFF50767F9ACFC36F9C4" box="[846,968,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[200,291,1273,1296]" captionTargetBox="[205,1430,170,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-245@14.[201,1434,165,1249]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ear region and left periotic comparison between Tlaxcallicetus species, ventral view. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95) (1-2), Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31) (3-4), and specimen found at mesa El Tesoro, Tlaxcallicetus sp., field observation (5-6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961515/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior process of the periotic is transversally narrow (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B340F41FFF50076F98CFB2FF924" box="[1119,1233,1658,1683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
as maximum at the base near the fovea epituvaria), and very thin dorsally. The anterior keel is vertical. The anterodorsal angle and the anteroventral angle are broken. In the posteriomedial wall of the anterior process and anterior to pars cochlearis, a marked anterior incisure is present. Ventrally, the incisural flange is eroded. Posteriorly to the broken anteroventral angle, a rectangular and narrow fovea epitubaria appears. The adjacent mallear fossa is poorly preserved but looks rounded, concave with a well-defined margin, and oriented posteroventrally. The lateral tuberosity is not complete but the fragments suggest that it is blunt and indistinct; posteriorly, the fossa incudis is eroded. The fenestra ovalis is broken and nearly elliptical, oriented ventrally and located anteromedial to the distal opening of the facial canal. The fossa for the stapedius muscle is anteroposteriorly long, finishing in the stylomastoid fossa. The pars cochlearis is broken in its ventromedial surface, without evidence of an anterointernal angle or a median promontorial groove. The cochlea is exposed ventrally. Posteriorly, the fenestra rotunda is preserved as a half-moon groove and ventrally, the caudal tympanic process has a low profile with a blunt margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A540F40FFF406C1FD3FFEE7FCB5" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[192,283,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[204,1435,941,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-120@12.[196,1436,937,1817]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), ear region (1) with the left periotic bone (2-4), ventral view. Pars cochlearis (3), posteromedial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961511/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 8.3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The head of the periotic is connected by a cylindrical neck to the posterior process. On the dorsomedial surface between the posterior part of the pars cochlearis and the posterior process, a prominent depression of the stylomastoid fossa is present. The tympanic and periotic posterior processes are fused and form a compound posterior process oriented in a right angle to the axis of the anterior process. It is flattened anteroposteriorly. Near the neck and closer to the posterior margin of the posterior process, a transversally short facial nerve sulcus appears.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |