175 lines
27 KiB
XML
175 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334480" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334480" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1596207678408" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. & Wheeler, Ward C." docDate="2008" docId="03E187AB6B70FFF7FC96F88F10E84800" docLanguage="en" docName="Cladistics.24.932-976.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Cladistics 24" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Acanthosomatidae Signoret 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="970" masterDocId="FFD8FFD36B55FFD1FFB9FF8611774F5E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="976" masterPageNumber="932" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" updateTime="1635478016111" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jocelia@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Schuh, Randall T.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Cladistics</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2008-11-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>932</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>976</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3968591</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334480" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AB6B70FFF7FC96F88F10E84800" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187AB6B70FFF7FC96F88F10E84800" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="970" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[815,1223,1801,1825]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[815,1452,1801,1886]" box="[815,1223,1801,1825]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[815,1223,1801,1825]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" reason="0">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[815,1223,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis box="[815,1223,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">ACANTHOSOMATIDAE Signoret</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="969" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[815,1452,1801,1886]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
|
||
<emphasis box="[841,952,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Historical</emphasis>
|
||
: This predominantly Southern Hemisphere taxon includes three subfamilies:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[1231,1448,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acanthosomatinae">Acanthosomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="970" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[135,773,182,1886]" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">
|
||
Blaudinae with two tribes Blaudini and Lanopini, and Ditomotarsinae, also with two tribes, Ditomotarsini and Laccophorellini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, R." box="[344,516,243,267]" journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="38" pageNumber="970" pagination="1 - 60" part="34" refId="ref30131" refString="Kumar, R., 1974. A revision of world Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea): Keys to and descriptions of subfamilies, tribes and genera with designation of types. Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser. N. 34, 1 - 60." title="A revision of world Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea): Keys to and descriptions of subfamilies, tribes and genera with designation of types" type="journal article" year="1974">Kumar, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[550,772,243,267]" journalOrPublisher="NY Entomol. Soc." pageId="38" pageNumber="970" pagination="164 - 170" part="107" refId="ref29138" refString="Froeschner, R. C., 1999. Revision of the South American genus Hellica Stal (Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). J. NY Entomol. Soc. 107, 164 - 170." title="Revision of the South American genus Hellica Stal (Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). J" type="journal article" year="1999">Froeschner (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emendedthe spelling of Blaudusinae Kumar to Blaudinae
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[135,773,182,1886]" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">
|
||
and Blaudini because the higher-taxon name was based on
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[175,323,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Blaudus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[175,263,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Blaudus</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; we follow Froeschner̕s usage. In the cladistic analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gapud, V." box="[356,512,365,389]" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Entomol." pageId="38" pageNumber="970" pagination="865 - 961" part="8" refId="ref29174" refString="Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961." title="A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Gapud (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[558,772,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1867" box="[333,470,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Dinidoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dinidoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1864" box="[539,718,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Tessaratomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tessaratomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[135,283,426,450]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coming out in a relatively basal position on the cladogram (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[313,392,457,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,146,856,875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1406,184,824]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[159,1407,183,824]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Diagrams showing hypotheses of Pentatomoidea classifications (Bonatto, 1988): (a) Singh-Pruthi, 1925; diagram and discussion; (b) Leston, 1958; Fig. 5; (c) China and Miller, 1959; Fig. 1; (d) Cobben, 1968; figs 269–270; (e) Cobben, 1978; several figures and text; (f) proposed phylogeny of Pentatomoidea (Gapud, 1991). [Captions removed; all taxon names rendered in current spellings; part (f) not from Bonatto (1988).]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968593/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[413,585,457,481]" journalOrPublisher="Verh. Deut. Zool. Ges." pageId="38" pageNumber="970" pagination="220" part="87" refId="ref28838" refString="Fischer, C., 1994 a. Phylogenetisch-systematische analyse der Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Verh. Deut. Zool. Ges. 87, 220." title="Phylogenetisch-systematische analyse der Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea)" type="journal article" year="1994">Fischer (1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b), in a phylogenetic analysisof the family, stressed the monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[135,349,518,542]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on three non-homoplastic characters and one homoplastic character: (i) presence of Pendergrast̕s organ (abdominal disc organ), (ii) segment VIII in males visible (not concealed by segment VII), (iii) females with a special organ for symbiont transmission, and (iv) openings of anterior abdominal scent glands shifted laterad, a feature shared with the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[135,283,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[302,472,732,756]" editor="Rabitsch, W." journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" pagination="1041 - 1054" part="19" refId="ref28990" refString="Fischer, C., 2006. The biological context and evolution of Pendergrasts ̕ organs of Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). In: Rabitsch, W. (Ed.), Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss., Denisia 19, 1041 - 1054." title="The biological context and evolution of Pendergrasts ̕ organs of Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss" year="2006">Fischer (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the biological context and evolution of Pendergrast̕s organ in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[135,352,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, presenting a surveyof these organsin more than 100 acanthosamatid species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[135,773,182,1886]" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">
|
||
<emphasis box="[161,351,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Analytical result</emphasis>
|
||
: Our morphological and total evidence analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[336,461,884,908]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[135,168,1840,1859]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,146,1819,1838]" captionStartId-2="24.[135,168,1801,1820]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1414,184,1809]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1411,184,1787]" captionTargetBox-2="[143,1466,184,1769]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[194,1323,183,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[156,1411,191,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@24.[143,1466,192,1769]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="Fig. 42. Strict consensus of 96 most parsimonious trees for full-taxon morphological data set, with unsupported nodes supressed. Length = 207; consistency index = 42; retention index = 86. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-1="Fig. 43. Strict consensus of three trees derived from successive weighting of the results shown in Fig. 42. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 44. Strict consensus of 12 trees derived from implied weighting analysis of morphological data using PIWE. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968609" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968611" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968613" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968609/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968611/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968613/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Figs 42–44</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[540,610,884,908]" captionStart-0="Figs 49–52. 49" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="27.[113,152,1804,1823]" captionStartId-1="28.[135,168,1740,1759]" captionStartId-2="29.[113,146,1878,1897]" captionStartId-3="30.[135,168,1651,1670]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1384,1071,1772]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1432,184,1708]" captionTargetBox-2="[187,1378,184,1843]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,1431,184,1620]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[177,1432,183,1708]" captionTargetId-2="figure@29.[187,1378,183,1843]" captionTargetId-3="figure@30.[177,1432,183,1620]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="29" captionTargetPageId-3="30" captionText-0="Figs 49–52. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." captionText-1="Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 54. One of four trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-3="Fig. 55. One of three trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio, which had the lowest MRI value. Bremer support values are shown." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968617" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968619" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968621" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968623" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968617/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968619/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968621/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3968623/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">51–55</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively) always resolve the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[353,567,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as monophyletic, a theory concordant with most prior work. Our taxon sample for DNA sequences is biased toward the Australian fauna and the subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[558,772,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acanthosomatinae">Acanthosomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Blaudinae, although we did sequence
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fieber" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Elasmostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,772,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Elasmostethus</emphasis>
|
||
Fieber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Northern Hemisphere, a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[135,353,1098,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acanthosomatinae">Acanthosomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The position of the group within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Bonatto" box="[135,306,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is variable, depending on the data set being analysed. The morphological analyses treat the group as relatively basal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[469,598,1190,1214]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[135,168,1840,1859]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,146,1819,1838]" captionStartId-2="24.[135,168,1801,1820]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1414,184,1809]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1411,184,1787]" captionTargetBox-2="[143,1466,184,1769]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[194,1323,183,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[156,1411,191,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@24.[143,1466,192,1769]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="Fig. 42. Strict consensus of 96 most parsimonious trees for full-taxon morphological data set, with unsupported nodes supressed. Length = 207; consistency index = 42; retention index = 86. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-1="Fig. 43. Strict consensus of three trees derived from successive weighting of the results shown in Fig. 42. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 44. Strict consensus of 12 trees derived from implied weighting analysis of morphological data using PIWE. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968609" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968611" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968613" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968609/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968611/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968613/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Figs 42–44</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the molecular data always treat the group as closely associated with the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[386,543,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[568,759,1251,1275]" captionStart="Figs 45–48. 45" captionStartId="25.[113,152,1786,1805]" captionTargetBox="[141,1425,1005,1754]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 45–48. 45. One of two trees derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 46. Single tree derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 47. Single tree derived from analysis of ~500 bp of 16S rRNA data using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 48. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1800 bp of 18S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968615/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Figs 45 and 46</figureCitation>
|
||
), although sometimes with a small number of other taxa involved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[248,332,1312,1336]" captionStart="Figs 45–48. 45" captionStartId="25.[113,152,1786,1805]" captionTargetBox="[141,1425,1005,1754]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 45–48. 45. One of two trees derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 46. Single tree derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 47. Single tree derived from analysis of ~500 bp of 16S rRNA data using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 48. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1800 bp of 18S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968615/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). The 52-taxon total evidence analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[142,315,1342,1366]" captionStart="Figs 49–52. 49" captionStartId="27.[113,152,1804,1823]" captionTargetBox="[181,1384,1071,1772]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 49–52. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968617/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Figs 51 and 52</figureCitation>
|
||
) place the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[441,655,1342,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[528,688,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the case of 1: 1 cost ratio also including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1896" box="[563,713,1404,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,713,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Thaumastella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The result of the 92-taxon analysis under a 1: 1 cost ratio (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[143,226,1465,1489]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[135,168,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[177,1432,184,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[177,1432,183,1708]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968619/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
) is similar to molecular and 52-taxon analyses, the 1: 2 cost ratio moves the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[498,712,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a more basal position in the cladogram (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[580,665,1526,1550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[113,146,1878,1897]" captionTargetBox="[187,1378,184,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[187,1378,183,1843]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 54. One of four trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968621/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the 2: 2 costratioincludesthe
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1867" box="[449,586,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Dinidoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dinidoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Tessaratomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tessaratomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[356,570,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[615,772,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Morphological characters supporting the monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1863" box="[385,599,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in both the morphological and 92-taxon total evidence analyses are the membranous abdominal tergite VIII in males (
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[143,180,1734,1764]" fontSize="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">411</superScript>
|
||
) and the triangulin absent with a smooth intergonocoxal membrane between gonapophyses 8 (
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[665,703,1765,1794]" fontSize="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">531</superScript>
|
||
). The 92-taxon total evidence analyses offer additional support from the obsolete claval commissure (
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[630,667,1826,1855]" fontSize="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">172</superScript>
|
||
) and the claws with bristles (
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[361,399,1856,1886]" fontSize="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="970">311</superScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |