334 lines
46 KiB
XML
334 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="1E2FABBF7A6A0B0550B89590FB7EAF8E" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212344" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718994420665" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Park, Travis & Fitzgerald, Erich M. G." docDate="2012" docId="03CEBC7DFFBC5A7C8E9BC11CFB8AFCF8" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.69.309-325.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pseudaptenodytes macraei Simpson 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="320" masterDocId="FFF7C405FFB65A778E17C723FFC7FFB2" masterDocTitle="A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)" masterLastPageNumber="325" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="319" updateTime="1719008669388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7D4618012668C3587D3E3ABB82E0D5D8">A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="498F4174BF3E75DFE5EA6AF277AA588F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="656F27E72289C2667D772D04054408DE">Park, Travis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="619DD7482170B32B947B15745FF57EAA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98E542638CE81D3468AA44DF8E730C1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A9312087183BBB35D975971E9550FCF7">Fitzgerald, Erich M. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="954728CCEA3D05646879DA1992922066">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3EF99F3F4071144A3E3C8CB8DAB1B6BC">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7A48454816ED90914D5773EC0AB6727B">
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<mods:date id="C36592215BC7626E4462F4031DA617DD">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2392A56080353AC0531C3C3C99372B37">2012-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="35B527C62F2568D0059268774524EB84">69</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9D12853651E83F64F9C26281AC3554A2">309</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="47723782656626B2A16829ED0E251C66">325</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="AD95C86E9835A04BA21B8B112ADB5284">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DECD1C1A778A08CFFF49DB705AE02C1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="41DA80EE6D95269773610C902F871A6A" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E1362157C0CE84551D3C349400C1DE61" type="ISSN">1447-2554</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CEBC7DFFBC5A7C8E9BC11CFB8AFCF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBC5A7C8E9BC11CFB8AFCF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEBC7DFFBC5A7C8E9BC11CFB8AFCF8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBC5A7D8E9BC11CFDF8F9E7" box="[140,575,1599,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC11CFDF8F9E7" blockId="10.[140,575,1599,1622]" box="[140,575,1599,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<heading id="D090BA07FFBC5A7D8E9BC11CFDF8F9E7" box="[140,575,1599,1622]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC11CFDF8F9E7" authority="Simpson, 1970" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[140,575,1599,1622]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC11CFE64F9E7" bold="true" box="[140,419,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Pseudaptenodytes macraei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8FBDC163FDF8F9E7" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[426,575,1600,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBC5A7C8E9BC14FFD06FB43" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC14FFF61F92D" blockId="10.[140,770,1644,1695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBC5A7D8E9BC14FFF61F92D" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" specimenCode="P26668" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC14FFF36F933" box="[140,241,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBC5A7D8E9BC14FFF2AF933" box="[140,237,1644,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Partial left humerus (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBC5A7D8FDAC14EFDCCF930" box="[461,523,1645,1666]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBC5A7D8C06C14FFDA4F930" box="[529,611,1644,1666]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="Museum">P26668</specimenCode>
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). (
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<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBC5A7D8C6EC14FFD06F930" box="[633,705,1644,1666]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="10.[809,868,992,1011]" captionText="Figure 11. Pseudaptenodytes macraei holotype left humerus, NMV P26668: A, dorsal view; B, dorso-caudal view; C, ventral view." pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBC5A7D8CDCC14FFF5DF92D" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC194FDFEF95B" blockId="10.[140,770,1719,1770]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC194FED0F97E" box="[140,279,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Type locality.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBC5A7D8F0AC194FDF2F95B" county="Spring Creek" latitude="-37.966667" location="Hamilton" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="142.38333" municipality="Minhamite" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
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<collectingCounty id="62B975E7FFBC5A7D8F0AC194FE63F97F" box="[285,420,1719,1741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Spring Creek</collectingCounty>
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near
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC9711FFBC5A7D8FC8C194FD95F97F" box="[479,594,1719,1741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Minhamite</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity id="4C9FA08EFFBC5A7D8C4AC194FD5BF97F" box="[605,668,1719,1741]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" unit="km" value="41.0">41 km</quantity>
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southeast of
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<location id="8EB85BB0FFBC5A7D8EB0C1F7FECDF958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBC5A7C8E9BC11CFB8AFCF8:8EB85BB0FFBC5A7D8EB0C1F7FECDF958" box="[167,266,1748,1770]" county="Spring Creek" latitude="-37.966667" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="142.38333" municipality="Minhamite" name="Hamilton" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" stateProvince="Victoria">Hamilton</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A3C389FFBC5A7D8F03C1F7FEA0F958" box="[276,359,1748,1770]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBC5A7D8F61C1F7FE01F958" box="[374,454,1748,1770]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" precision="925" value="-37.966667">37°58'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBC5A7D8FC7C1F7FDE9F95B" box="[464,558,1748,1769]" degrees="142" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" precision="925" value="142.38333">142°23'E</geoCoordinate>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC022FC20FB66" blockId="10.[140,771,1793,1903]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1440,1127,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC022FEF2F8A4" box="[140,309,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Horizon and age</emphasis>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBC5A7D8F79C022FE0FF8A5" box="[366,456,1793,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is derived from the Goodwood Formation, a green-grey marly fine sand with abundant pebbles (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8EF1C01FFEBDF8E0" author="Gill, E. D." box="[230,378,1852,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="331 - 355" refId="ref9791" refString="Gill, E. D. 1964. Rocks contiguous with the basaltic cuirass of western Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 77: 331 - 355." type="journal article" year="1964">Gill, 1964:332</bibRefCitation>
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). The macroinvertebrate assemblage is similar to that of the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Black Rock Sandstone (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8DE1C344FBABFBCF" author="Gill, E. D." box="[1014,1132,1127,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="331 - 355" refId="ref9791" refString="Gill, E. D. 1964. Rocks contiguous with the basaltic cuirass of western Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 77: 331 - 355." type="journal article" year="1964">Gill, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8A93C344FAEEFBCE" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1156,1321,1127,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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), and the Goodwood Formation is possibly laterally equivalent to the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Grange Burn Formation (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8D27C39CFC1AFB66" author="Fitzgerald, E. M. G." box="[816,989,1215,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="183 - 208" refId="ref9535" refString="Fitzgerald, E. M. G. 2004. A review of the Tertiary fossil Cetacea (Mammalia) localities in Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61: 183 - 208." type="journal article" year="2004">Fitzgerald, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8D3EC3CFFA66FACA" blockId="10.[809,1441,1260,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D3EC3CFFC22FAB3" box="[809,997,1260,1281]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Referred material</emphasis>
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. A partial right carpometacarpus (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBC5A7D8B75C3CFFA67FAB3" box="[1378,1440,1260,1281]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P27055) and a partial left carpometacarpus (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBC5A7D8B14C229FA86FAAD" box="[1283,1345,1290,1311]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P27056) were tentatively referred to this species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8ADDC204FAA5FA8E" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1226,1378,1319,1341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBC5A7D8B6FC204FC84FAE8" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="13.[147,206,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,1068,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[254,1340,1065,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 15. Specimens referred to Pseudaptenodytes macraei: partial right carpometacarpus, NMV P27055, in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views; partial left carpometacarpus, NMV P27056, in (C) ventral and (D) dorsal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212372/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBC5A7D8D45C266FC65FAE8" box="[850,930,1349,1371]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Both specimens were derived from the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Black Rock Sandstone at Beaumaris.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8D3EC2ACFBC2F8B5" blockId="10.[809,1440,1423,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D3EC2ACFC5FFA16" box="[809,920,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8D88C2ACFB87FA16" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[927,1088,1423,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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noted the very close similarity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8D3EC28FFBF8FA70" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[809,1087,1452,1474]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D3EC28FFBF8FA70" box="[809,1087,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Pseudaptenodytes macraei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8A75C28FFAA2FA70" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1778" box="[1122,1381,1452,1474]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Aptenodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8A75C28FFAA2FA70" box="[1122,1381,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Aptenodytes patagonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, both in terms of size and the features of the proximal end of the humerus. Nevertheless,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8A36C2CBFB55FA4F" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1057,1170,1512,1533]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8A36C2CBFB55FA4F" box="[1057,1170,1512,1533]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">P. macraei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8B35C2C4FA67FA4E" authorityName="J. F. Miller" authorityYear="1778" box="[1314,1440,1511,1532]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Aptenodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8B35C2C4FA67FA4E" box="[1314,1440,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Aptenodytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having a humerus with: a more sigmoid shaft; a smaller volume of the fossa pneumotricipitalis; a distinctly oval opening of the internal division of the fossa pneumotricipitalis; and a rounded cranial margin lacking a distinct ‘preaxial angle’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8D6FC158FB16F922" author="Acosta Hospitaleche, C. & Castro, L. & Tambussi, C. & Scasso, R. A." box="[888,1233,1659,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="565 - 575" refId="ref8518" refString="Acosta Hospitaleche, C., Castro, L., Tambussi, C., and Scasso, R. A. 2008. Palaeospheniscus patagonicus (Aves, Sphenisciformes): new discoveries from the early Miocene of Argentina. Journal of Paleontology 82: 565 - 575." type="journal article" year="2008">Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBC5A7D8AC9C158FADCF923" box="[1246,1307,1659,1681]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[147,206,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[279,1317,1120,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-51@7.[278,1317,1119,1841]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Pachydyptes simpsoni paratype, SAM P14158: proximal end of right radius in (A) ventral view and (C) dorsal view; partial right humerus in (B) ventral and (D) dorsal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212354/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, char. 11). It further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8DECC1BAFBA4F91C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[1019,1123,1689,1710]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Aptenodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forsteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8DECC1BAFBA4F91C" box="[1019,1123,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">A. forsteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking the pit for ligament insertion on the proximal surface adjacent to the head (Ksepka et al., 2006:
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBC5A7D8DBCC1F7FC21F95B" box="[939,998,1748,1770]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="9.[144,203,990,1009]" captionTargetBox="[209,1346,230,970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 8. Sphenisciformes indet. partial right humerus, SAM P10863: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212360/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8A00C1F7FB75F958" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1778" box="[1047,1202,1748,1770]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Aptenodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8A00C1F7FB75F958" box="[1047,1202,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">A. patagonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this feature is variable (Ksepka et al., 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7C8D3EC03DFD06FB43" blockId="10.[809,1441,1822,1903]" lastBlockId="11.[147,778,1157,1265]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D3EC03DFC45F881" box="[809,898,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Despite the similarities of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBC5A7D8AF1C03CFAD4F886" box="[1254,1299,1823,1844]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8D3EC01FFBE8F8E3" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1778" box="[809,1071,1852,1873]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Aptenodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D3EC01FFBE8F8E3" box="[809,1071,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Aptenodytes patagonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8A57C01FFA9EF8E3" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1088,1369,1852,1873]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8A57C01FFA9EF8E3" box="[1088,1369,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Pseudaptenodytes macraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not ancestral to it or any of the modern species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7C8B17C07AFF68FB28" author="Simpson, G. G." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970: 20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although similar, the autapomorphies of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8C61C3A6FD75FB28" box="[630,690,1157,1178]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26668 preclude this specimen from referral to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8C29C382FD7BFB04" authorityName="J. F. Miller" authorityYear="1778" box="[574,700,1185,1206]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Aptenodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8C29C382FD7BFB04" box="[574,700,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Aptenodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or any extant genera. We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8FA3C39CFDE3FB66" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[436,548,1215,1236]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8FA3C39CFDE3FB66" box="[436,548,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">P. macraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a distinct taxon established on the basis of a diagnostic
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8C31C3F8FD94FB42" box="[550,595,1243,1264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF185DE3FFBD5A7C8E84C4C3FE76FBBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212364/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" startId="11.[147,206,992,1011]" targetBox="[267,659,228,972]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8E84C4C3FE76FBBC" blockId="11.[147,779,992,1038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
Figure 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8EE3C4C3FE4CFC41" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[244,395,992,1011]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Sphenisciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. partial left coracoid, NMV P24065: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBD5A7C8E84C235FDFBFA99" box="[147,572,1302,1324]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8E84C235FDFBFA99" blockId="11.[147,572,1302,1324]" box="[147,572,1302,1324]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8E84C235FF5AFA9E" bold="true" box="[147,157,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">?</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8E89C235FDFBFA99" authority="Simpson, 1970" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[158,572,1302,1324]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8E89C235FE65FA99" bold="true" box="[158,418,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Pseudaptenodytes minor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8FBFC235FDFBFA99" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[424,572,1302,1324]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBD5A7C8E84C261FB8AFCF8" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8E84C261FF2DFAC6" blockId="11.[147,778,1346,1397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8E84C261FF2DFAC6" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="P26669" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8E84C261FF3FFAE5" box="[147,248,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8E84C261FF34FAE5" box="[147,243,1346,1367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Partial right humerus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8FE9C261FDFBFAE5" box="[510,572,1346,1367]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBD5A7C8C5FC261FD5EFAEA" box="[584,665,1346,1368]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">P26669</specimenCode>
|
||
). (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBD5A7C8CA0C261FCC1FAE5" box="[695,774,1346,1368]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="13.[147,206,970,989]" captionTargetBox="[591,1004,231,953]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[588,1007,227,953]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 14.?Pseudaptenodytes minor holotype partial right humerus, NMV P26669: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212370/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBD5A7C8E84C27CFF18FAC6" box="[147,223,1375,1397]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8E84C2A8FE9BFA68" blockId="11.[147,778,1419,1498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8E84C2A8FED8FA12" box="[147,287,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBD5A7C8F30C2A8FE9FFA68" county="East of Rickett's Point" latitude="-37.983334" location="Port Phillip Bay" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="145.05" municipality="Beaumaris Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B975E7FFBD5A7C8F30C2A8FDC9FA13" box="[295,526,1419,1441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">East of Rickett’s Point</collectingCounty>
|
||
on the western shore of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC9711FFBD5A7C8E84C284FEF5FA0F" box="[147,306,1447,1469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Beaumaris Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, northeast shore of
|
||
<location id="8EB85BB0FFBD5A7C8C15C28BFD6CFA0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBC5A7C8E9BC11CFB8AFCF8:8EB85BB0FFBD5A7C8C15C28BFD6CFA0F" box="[514,683,1447,1469]" county="East of Rickett's Point" latitude="-37.983334" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="145.05" municipality="Beaumaris Bay" name="Port Phillip Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" stateProvince="Victoria">Port Phillip Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3C389FFBD5A7C8CA0C284FCCEFA0F" box="[695,777,1447,1469]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBD5A7C8E8CC2E7FF2DFA68" box="[155,234,1476,1498]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" precision="925" value="-37.983334">37°59'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBD5A7C8EE3C2E7FE96FA68" box="[244,337,1476,1498]" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" precision="925" value="145.05">145°03'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8E84C2D2FD18F927" blockId="11.[147,779,1520,1686]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8E84C2D2FE8FF9B4" box="[147,328,1520,1542]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Horizon and age.</emphasis>
|
||
Black Rock Sandstone, which consists of a basal layer of phosphatic and ferruginous intraclasts overlain by calcareous sandstone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8FA4C109FCC7F98D" author="Dickinson, J. A. & Wallace, M. W." box="[435,768,1578,1600]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="547 - 565" refId="ref9374" refString="Dickinson, J. A., and Wallace, M. W. 2009. Phosphate-rich deposits associated with the Mio-Pliocene unconformity in south-east Australia. Sedimentology 56: 547 - 565." type="journal article" year="2009">Dickinson and Wallace, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Planktonic foram and molluscan biostratigraphy indicate a Late Miocene–Early Pliocene age range, which is corroborated by Sr dates of 5.0–6.2 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8FB2C1A3FD13F927" author="Dickinson, J. A. & Wallace, M. W." box="[421,724,1664,1686]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="547 - 565" refId="ref9374" refString="Dickinson, J. A., and Wallace, M. W. 2009. Phosphate-rich deposits associated with the Mio-Pliocene unconformity in south-east Australia. Sedimentology 56: 547 - 565." type="journal article" year="2009">Dickinson and Wallace, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8E84C18FFA44FEC6" blockId="11.[147,779,1708,1903]" lastBlockId="11.[817,1449,229,372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8E84C18FFE89F973" box="[147,334,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
Distal end of right humerus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8C7AC18FFD6CF973" box="[621,683,1708,1729]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26677), proximal end of left humerus, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8FDEC1EAFDC0F96C" box="[457,519,1737,1758]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26671), proximal end of left humerus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8F33C1C5FEA5F949" box="[292,354,1766,1787]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26676), right humerus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8C7CC1C5FD6EF949" box="[619,681,1766,1787]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26670), right humerus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8F25C020FEB7F8AA" box="[306,368,1795,1816]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P27057), partial right carpometacarpus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8E8DC03CFF1FF886" box="[154,216,1823,1844]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P27058), right carpometacarpus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8C20C03CFDB2F886" box="[567,629,1823,1844]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26903) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBD5A7C8CF5C03CFF6AF8E3" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="12.[140,199,1752,1771]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,230,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-11@12.[153,1428,227,1737]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 13. Sphenisciformes from the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Black Rock Sandstone, Victoria. A–J and M–P, specimens referred to?Pseudaptenodytes minor: partial left humerus, NMV P 26671, in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views; partial left humerus, NMV P26676, in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views; partial right humerus, NMV P26677, in (E) dorsal and (F) ventral views; partial right humerus, NMV P26670, in (G) dorsal and (H) ventral views; partial right humerus, NMV P27057, in (I) dorsal and (J) ventral views; partial right carpometacarpus, NMV P27058, in (M) dorsal and (N) ventral views; partial right carpometacarpus, NMV P26903, in (O) dorsal and (P) ventral views. Sphenisciformes indet. partial left humerus, NMV P27059: K, dorsal view; L, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212368/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBD5A7C8EA0C01FFEC6F8E3" box="[183,257,1852,1874]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). All referred material was collected from the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Black Rock Sandstone at Beaumaris.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C7C5FC50FF49" box="[817,919,230,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8A3FC7C6FAFFFF49" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1064,1336,229,251]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8A3FC7C6FAFFFF49" box="[1064,1336,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Pseudaptenodytes macraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having: a more slender and less sigmoid shaft; and a less expanded distal section (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8DC7C601FBA9FE85" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[976,1134,290,312]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It also differs by having a distinct angle on the cranial margin, although this angulation is still less than that of any modern penguin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8AF6C67DFABFFEC6" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1249,1400,350,372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBD5A7C8D26C6AFFB8AFCF8" blockId="11.[817,1449,396,842]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D26C6AFFC4FFE13" box="[817,904,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8DB6C6AFFB8EFE13" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[929,1097,396,418]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
notes the similarities between?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8D2CC689FBF3FE72" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[827,1076,426,448]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8D2CC689FBF3FE72" box="[827,1076,426,448]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Pseudaptenodytes minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8A73C689FA98FE0D" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1905" box="[1124,1375,426,447]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Paraptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8A73C689FA98FE0D" box="[1124,1375,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Paraptenodytes robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
yet the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8D26C6EBFC4EFE6C" box="[817,905,456,478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8DA0C6EAFBD7FE6C" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[951,1040,457,478]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8DA0C6EAFBD7FE6C" box="[951,1040,457,478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">P. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is too incomplete to permit meaningful comparisons. The lack of diagnostic morphology in the type specimen of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8DAEC525FBC8FDA9" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[953,1039,518,539]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8DAEC525FBC8FDA9" box="[953,1039,518,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">P. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has resulted in Ksepka and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8B36C526FA6FFDA8" author="Clarke, J. A. & Ksepka, D. T. & Salas-Gismondi, R. & Altamirano, A. J. & Shawkey, M. D. & D'Alba, L. & Vinther, J. & DeVries, T. J. & Baby, P." box="[1313,1448,517,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referring this taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8A04C500FB7EFD8B" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[1043,1209,547,569]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Sphenisciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. More completely preserved material is required to confirm or reject the placement of this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8DF8C543FB63FDC7" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1007,1188,608,629]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8DF8C543FB63FDC7" box="[1007,1188,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Pseudaptenodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The additional material referred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBD5A7C8DB5C55DFBFAFD21" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[930,1085,638,660]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref11582" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 31: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Simpson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8A73C55CFB7DFD26" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1124,1210,639,660]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8A73C55CFB7DFD26" box="[1124,1210,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">P. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays little overlap in morphology with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8A1FC5BEFB98FD01" box="[1032,1119,669,691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBD5A7C8A7AC5BEFB6DFD00" box="[1133,1194,669,690]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
P26669). Furthermore, it is only on the basis of the referred material that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8B47C598FA6FFD63" box="[1360,1448,699,721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was designated a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8A4AC5FAFAD5FD5C" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1117,1298,729,750]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8A4AC5FAFAD5FD5C" box="[1117,1298,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">Pseudaptenodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We therefore recommend restricting the concept of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8AA4C5DBFACEFCBF" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1203,1289,760,781]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBD5A7C8AA4C5DBFACEFCBF" box="[1203,1289,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="320">P. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBD5A7C8B5CC5D4FA62FCBF" box="[1355,1445,759,781]" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. All referred material should be considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBD5A7C8B16C435FA60FC9E" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[1281,1447,790,812]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Sphenisciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. pending further study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |