207 lines
27 KiB
XML
207 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="52DAF77EA950D65F37AC25C4BFD1AE3D" ID-CLB-Dataset="22494" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774174" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C442D94C-0EB4-4509-B762-913707214819" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588094957734" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="03B2EA640A06467B2CFCFF17FD76D332" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4765.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4765 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eriococcidae Cockerell 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FF8B921C0A2F46522C6BFF8EFFCBD747" masterDocTitle="A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698837970293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AC1EF652CC266C0A3C7A49AB4AABA58F">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40D6F68F156498D6A1811C1E1AB5A91C">Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3AEBC99B25373B5C957076B0FB596DE4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="617523D7CD3AF56F166C7B9CC8782784">
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<mods:date id="5CB980830AF6B1CD5AD8D0027C68D254">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69D2EDE485730A480FC3E8927A45D045">2020-04-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D04638BFCB1153B8DE434FEAEDC3386A">4765</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640A06467B2CFCFF17FD76D332" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796733" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640A06467B2CFCFF17FD76D332" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640A06467B2CFCFF17FD76D332" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90A06467B2CFCFF17FD8FD7F4" box="[151,580,153,179]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720A06467B2CFCFF17FD8FD7F4" blockId="41.[151,580,153,179]" box="[151,580,153,179]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2CFCFF17FD8FD7F4" ID-CoL="623PJ" ID-ENA="240288" authority="Cockerell 1899" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,580,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2CFCFF17FD8FD7F4" bold="true" box="[151,580,153,179]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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ERIOCOCCIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2DE2FF17FD8FD7F4" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[393,580,153,179]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="12 - 13" refId="ref199078" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1899 a) Two new genera of lecaniine Coccidae. The Entomologist, 32, 12 - 13." type="journal article" year="1899">Cockerell 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90A06467B2CFCFF50FD7ED7B1" box="[151,693,221,246]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720A06467B2CFCFF50FD7ED7B1" blockId="41.[151,722,221,277]" box="[151,693,221,246]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A06467B2CFCFF50FF02D7B1" box="[151,201,222,246]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2D73FF50FDB5D7B1" ID-CoL="62RMR" authority="Targioni Tozzetti, 1868" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1868" box="[280,638,221,246]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2D73FF50FE41D7B2" box="[280,394,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Eriococcus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2DFBFF53FDB5D7B1" author="Targioni Tozzetti" box="[400,638,221,246]" firstAuthor="Targioni Tozzetti" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="721 - 738" refId="ref212003" refString="Targioni Tozzetti, A. (1868) Introduzione alla seconda memoria per gli studi sulle cocciniglie, e catalogo dei generi e delle specie della famiglia dei coccidi. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 11, 721 - 738." type="journal article" year="1868">Targioni Tozzetti, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 726.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90A06467B2CFCFF73FD19D653" box="[151,722,252,277]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720A06467B2CFCFF73FD19D653" blockId="41.[151,722,221,277]" box="[151,722,252,277]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A06467B2CFCFF73FF02D652" box="[151,201,253,277]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2D4DFF73FD50D653" ID-CoL="6GPDS" authority="Fonscolombe, 1834" authorityName="Fonscolombe" authorityYear="1834" box="[294,667,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buxi">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2D4DFF73FE00D653" box="[294,459,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Eriococcus buxi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2DBAFF72FD50D653" author="Fonscolombe" box="[465,667,252,277]" firstAuthor="Fonscolombe" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="201 - 218" refId="ref201212" refString="Fonscolombe, E. L. J. H. Boyer de (1834) Description des Kermes qu'on trouve aux environs d'Aix. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 3, 201 - 218." type="journal article" year="1834">Fonscolombe, 1834</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 218.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90A06467B2CFCFECCFD76D332" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720A06467B2CFCFECCFD76D332" blockId="41.[151,1437,322,1141]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2CFCFECCFEFDD61A" bold="true" box="[151,310,322,349]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Introduction.</emphasis>
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The classification of the taxon here referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2F35FECDFC3BD61A" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[862,1008,323,349]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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has been shown to be problematic.All recent phylogenetic analyses, starting with Cox and Williams (1986), have shown that the taxa included in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2908FEE9FF32D6E2" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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form a non-monophyletic group. The name
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E9FFE05FC4DD6E2" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[756,902,395,421]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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has been widely accepted since
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2891FE05FA57D6E2" author="Ferris" box="[1274,1436,394,421]" firstAuthor="Ferris" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref200830" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1957 b) A review of the family Eriococcidae (Insecta: Coccoidea). Microentomology, 22, 81 - 89." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="b">Ferris (1957b)</bibRefCitation>
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but, even then, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2D01FE21FE3BD68E" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[362,496,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E4EFE21FD09D68E" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[549,706,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
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were frequently included in the concept. Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B28BCFE21FA92D68D" author="Hoy" box="[1239,1369,431,458]" firstAuthor="Hoy" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref205154" refString="Hoy, J. M. (1963) A Catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the World. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 150, 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1963">Hoy (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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in his catalogue, included the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DC2FE5DFDFED6AA" box="[425,565,467,493]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E28FE5DFD28D6AA" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[579,739,467,493]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E9AFE5DFC4DD6AA" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[753,902,467,493]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2FFFFE5DFBD1D6AA" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[916,1050,467,493]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B283DFE5DFB34D6AA" box="[1110,1279,467,493]" class="Insecta" family="Micrococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micrococcidae</taxonomicName>
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, while earlier
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2CFCFE79FEB8D556" author="Borchsenius" box="[151,371,503,529]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 382" refId="ref198277" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1949) Insects Homoptera. suborders mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Family mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Vol. VII. In: Fauna SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR, New Series, 38, pp. 1 - 382." type="journal article" year="1949">Borchsenius (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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had included the eriococcids in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2F63FE79FC74D556" box="[776,959,503,529]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
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. More recently, various phylogenetic studies have found that the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DF3FD95FDEFD572" box="[408,548,539,565]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E45FD95FD1AD572" box="[558,721,539,565]" class="Insecta" family="Stictococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stictococcidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2F6DFD95FC68D572" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[774,931,539,565]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
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all fall within the overall concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2957FD95FF19D51E" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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but that the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2D08FDB1FE22D51E" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[355,489,575,601]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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do not. Molecular studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2F4BFDB1FC28D51E" author="Cook, L. G. & Gullan, P. J." box="[800,995,575,601]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref199482" refString="Cook, L. G. & Gullan, P. J. (2002) Longevity and reproduction in Apiomorpha Rubsaamen (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano, 33 (3), 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Cook
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<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2F0CFDCEFC52D51E" box="[871,921,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
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. 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2F84FDB1FB2AD51E" author="Cook & Gullan" box="[1007,1249,575,601]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="441 - 452" refId="ref199531" refString="Cook, L. G. & Gullan, P. J. (2004) The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83 (4), 441 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2004.00396. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Cook & Gullan 2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2886FDB1FF1AD53A" author="Gullan & Cook" firstAuthor="Gullan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref202599" refString="Gullan, P. J. & Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668, 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan & Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) found that these four taxa (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E78FDEDFD6BD53A" box="[531,672,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2EC6FDEDFC89D53A" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[685,834,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2F25FDEDFC20D53A" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[846,1003,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B284FFDEDFB02D539" box="[1060,1225,611,638]" class="Insecta" family="Stictococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stictococcidae</taxonomicName>
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) all fall within the overall concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2D00FD09FE36D5E6" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[363,509,647,673]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
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and were recovered forming four subgroups within an overall clade referred to as the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2CAAFD25FE9DD582" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[193,342,683,709]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, namely: (i) Group A: the acanthococcid group comprising the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A06467B2875FD25FB85D582" box="[1054,1102,683,709]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B28A7FD25FABED582" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[1228,1397,683,709]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B28A7FD25FABED582" box="[1228,1397,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Acanthococcus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B29EFFD25FE8ED5AE" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B29EFFD25FF10D5AE" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. aceris</emphasis>
|
|
Signoret
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, other eriococcids from both the northern and southern hemispheres plus the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2894FD41FA57D5AE" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[1279,1436,719,745]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Costa; (ii) Group B: a Gondwanan group which includes many species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20A06467B2F89FD7DFB87D44A" box="[994,1100,755,781]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, South America and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20A06467B2945FD7DFF01D476" name="New Zealand" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
|
, many of which feed on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DB7FC99FD9DD476" box="[476,598,791,817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; (iii), Group C: a subclade including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2F99FC99FBB5D476" box="[1010,1150,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B28E3FC99FAE0D476" box="[1160,1323,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Stictococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stictococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and some eriococcid taxa, including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DA8FCB2FC56D411" authority="(Boyer de Fonscolombe)" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[451,925,827,854]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buxi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2DA8FCB2FDB2D412" box="[451,633,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Eriococcus buxi</emphasis>
|
|
(Boyer de Fonscolombe)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A06467B2FB9FCB5FBC9D412" box="[978,1026,827,853]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B28E9FCB5FADFD412" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[1154,1300,827,853]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(referred to as the BSE group), and (iv)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DB2FCD1FD7FD43E" authority="Brain" authorityName="Brain" authorityYear="1918" box="[473,692,863,889]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Calycicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2DB2FCD1FDA5D43E" box="[473,622,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Calycicoccus</emphasis>
|
|
Brain
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20A06467B2E97FCD1FC47D43E" box="[764,908,863,889]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2FF0FCD1FB5BD43E" author="Cook & Gullan" box="[923,1168,863,889]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="441 - 452" refId="ref199531" refString="Cook, L. G. & Gullan, P. J. (2004) The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83 (4), 441 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2004.00396. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Cook & Gullan 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B28F7FCD1FA5AD43E" author="Gullan & Cook" box="[1180,1425,863,889]" firstAuthor="Gullan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref202599" refString="Gullan, P. J. & Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668, 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan & Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Studies based on the morphology of adult macropterous males (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2F31FC0DFBC9D4DA" author="Hodgson, C. J." box="[858,1026,899,925]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="129 - 137" refId="ref203564" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (2002) Preliminary phylogeny of some non-margarodid Coccoidea (Hemiptera) based on adult male characters. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano, 33 (3), 129 - 137. [2001]" type="journal article" year="2002">Hodgson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2867FC0DFAD1D4DA" author="Hodgson & Hardy" box="[1036,1306,899,925]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref203953" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson & Hardy 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) also found that the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2C9EFC29FE4AD486" box="[245,385,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DE5FC29FDE0D486" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[398,555,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E0EFC29FCC3D486" box="[613,776,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Stictococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stictococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
were recovered within the Eriococcid clade, although the division into the above four subclades was less clear. However, the adult males of taxa currently recognised as families, i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2C97FC61FE43D34E" box="[252,392,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2DF9FC61FDE4D34E" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[402,559,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E0EFC61FCC0D34E" box="[613,779,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Stictococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stictococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, appear to be easily separable from the other “eriococcids” based on their morphology and are dealt with under separate headings below. For a key for the separation of these various taxa, see main key on p. 19.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A06467B2E44FBB9FD0FD316" authorityName="Brain" authorityYear="1918" box="[559,708,1079,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Calycicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96F87600A06467B2E44FBB9FD0FD316" box="[559,708,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Calycicoccus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
fell within the Gondwanan Group in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A06467B2802FBB9FA57D316" author="Hodgson and Hardy" box="[1129,1436,1079,1105]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref203953" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson and Hardy (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and is discussed under that group heading below.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |