269 lines
35 KiB
XML
269 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="3ED68426CE2C026D4A3B7E51C6488FE2" ID-CLB-Dataset="55502" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48c6ef6a-bd20-4f98-8d6b-7a1b79ab2937" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6557093" ID-ZooBank="0B0E6A73-9FC2-44BD-9F30-57AD9B9FE4F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1652772555109" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leavengood, John M., Pinkerton, Morgan G. & Rifkind, Jacques" docDate="2022" docId="03AAF74DFF94996B1DF5FC3F6624FAF7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5138.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5138 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tarsobaenus Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind 2022, new genus" docType="treatment" docUuid="AC3ABD70-7831-480D-AA90-1362CCE833B3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="FF938F35FF9599691D62FFC86558FFA2" masterDocTitle="Description of the new genus Tarsobaenus and three new species from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae: Hydnocerini)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1699337758796" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4AC1F1D13D4A0D73809C199320235387">
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<mods:title id="ED9541D6550EB0995B50849EC06E2FA7">Description of the new genus Tarsobaenus and three new species from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae: Hydnocerini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="100CD405FF81DFD370A99A0FCCAE9A9E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="507E92EBBE0CAAA78584BD9F52CAAD3C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B2171A4378ABAC62642D3754941519EA">Leavengood, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7648E02A69E68490B7C3D01EC2B74904" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3223-455X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="144920A9F0D3DD3F804B0FEB0419D308">United States Department of Agriculture, APHIS, PPQ, 9325 Bay Plaza Blvd, Suite 206, Tampa, FL 33619 USA John. M. Leavengood @ usda. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3223 - 455 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8E81A46426506E493D585378E13EEB81" type="email">eavengood@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0A5893C2DF220540CFE14A42FC69E825">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4ED4B99E622665CAF186D5B88B060CCE">Pinkerton, Morgan G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19855F429461BA5855075745F36D9CE8">UF / IFAS Extension Seminole County, 250 West County Home Road, Sanford, FL 32773 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9FE310AAEABF0711B23991E6B406FCE1">Rifkind, Jacques</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="416B022EC0AE50D6B0B1B9D0153F22E8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7738-7800</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C51494788A9310AB2D37BC77F29C3013">Research Associate, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Road Sacramento, CA 95832 USA clerid @ aol. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7738 - 7800</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="60824246D89084980A8FECB2A51B6E71" type="email">clerid@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6B6D05E5AD087AEECE1D7069222F5B62">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="15044722F08042A7AB70FDD1062BBFE7">
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<mods:date id="1BA34D745D3F62F0AC32E35A5A88A300">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DC98160A47E600D09ACD973860C1AAA">2022-05-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="665DD212A050D280E26676E9FC06637F">5138</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AAF74DFF94996B1DF5FC3F6624FAF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6555837" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195434307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6555837" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC3ABD70-7831-480D-AA90-1362CCE833B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AAF74DFF94996B1DF5FC3F6624FAF7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<subSubSection id="C31915D0FF9499681DF5FC3F61F2FB97" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF9499681DF5FC3F66D3FBB3" blockId="1.[151,1194,1015,1077]" box="[151,907,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681DF5FC3F66D3FBB3" bold="true" box="[151,907,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF9499681DF5FC3F67A4FBB3" authority="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,764,1015,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681DF5FC3F6469FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,305,1015,1042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
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Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2442732FF9499681E6BFC3F66D3FBB3" box="[777,907,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF9499681DF5FBD361F2FB97" blockId="1.[151,1194,1015,1077]" box="[151,1194,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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http://zoobank.org/
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFA57C8EFF9499681FE2FBD361F2FB97" box="[640,1194,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">AC3ABD70-7831-480D-AA90-1362CCE833B3</uuid>
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</uri>
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<subSubSection id="C31915D0FF9499681DF5FBA86060FBDA" box="[151,1336,1119,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF9499681DF5FBA86060FBDA" blockId="1.[151,1336,1119,1144]" box="[151,1336,1119,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681DF5FBA8647EFBD5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1119,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<typeStatus id="54B8F8F9FF9499681DF5FBA86594FBDA" box="[151,204,1120,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF9499681C4EFBA866EBFBDA" authority="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityName=", Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[300,947,1120,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="letourneauae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681C4EFBA86761FBDA" box="[300,569,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Tarsobaenus letourneauae</emphasis>
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, Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2442732FF9499681EDFFBA86161FBDA" box="[957,1081,1120,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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. [male], here designated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31915D0FF94996B1DF5FB6D67EAFDC3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF94996B1DF5FB6D67EAFDC3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1189,2008]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1365]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681DF5FB6D6479FB1D" bold="true" box="[151,289,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Description</emphasis>
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: Length:
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<quantity id="4CFBEBBEFF9499681CF5FB6E6765FB62" box="[407,573,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.199999999999999" metricValueMax="5.35" metricValueMin="5.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="5.199999999999999" valueMax="5.35" valueMin="5.05">5.05-5.35 mm</quantity>
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. Body generally testaceous to orangish; antennomeres darkening apically; metathoracic macula black; other markings variable.
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681F90FB016662FB46" bold="true" box="[754,826,1225,1252]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Head:</emphasis>
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Slightly wider than humeri; surface smooth, impunctate, moderately covered in fine, long, pale, erect, semirecumbent setae; setae on eyes and posterolateral margin of head (behind eyes) longer; eyes prominent, distance across head at eyes distinctly wider than width at pronotal tubercles, sparsely clothed with fine, long, erect, pale setae. Antennae 10-segmented with distinct single-segmented club. Frons with two dorsally converging elongate depressions. Mouthparts with clypeus longitudinally subdivided; mandibles bifid, the right mandible dorsally excavated to receive the left; apical maxillary palpomeres securiform; apical labial palpomeres digitiform.
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681F54FA6967D4FA1E" bold="true" box="[566,652,1441,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Pronotum widest at lateral angles but narrower than width of head, covered in long, erect, pale setae interspersed with short, pale, semirecumbent setae; pronotal disc shiny, sparsely, finely punctate; punctures obsolete on anterior and posterior pronotal collars; disc very convex, anterior collar strongly constricted, upturned at head, transverse impression complete, anterior fringe of short, pale, erect setae projecting over head; posterior collar abruptly curved upward at scutellar margin; posterior collar with fringe of long, pale, erect setae projecting over scutellum; scutellum with long, pale, erect setae projecting over base of elytral suture. Ventral prothorax sparsely covered with long, fine, suberect setae which become shorter, more recumbent towards middle; procoxal cavities open; mesothorax densely covered with white recumbent setae; metepisternum similarly but less densely hairy; metathorax sparely covered with long, pale, erect setae. Metathorax large, somewhat inflated; surface smooth, minutely granulate, shiny.
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681E42F92E660EF8A2" bold="true" box="[800,854,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Legs</emphasis>
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: Surface shiny, covered with long, fine, testaceous, erect setae of varying length; femora expanded, weakly laterally compressed, twice the width of tibia, slightly wider distally; metafemora extending well past apex of elytra when laid alongside; tibiae narrow, elongate, covered with long, fine, testaceous, erect setae of varying lengths, distal third with short fine, testaceous, semirecumbent setae, hind legs slightly longer but of similar form; tarsal claw deeply bifid (ungues present), tarsal puvillar formula 2-2-2 (3-3-3 considering a third on each tarsus that is much less developed).
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF9499681EDDF852615FF816" bold="true" box="[959,1031,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Wings</emphasis>
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: Elytra parallel to subparallel, widest at humeri, shiny, distinctly punctate with large, widely spaced punctures, apices barely covering abdomen, disc subflattened dorsoventrally, covered in long, fine, pale, erect and semirecumbent setae of varying lengths; internal margin of plica forming subulate excavation with distinct margin, ventral margin of excavation projecting inward more so than dorsal margin (
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<figureCitation id="13385ADEFF97996B1C82FF176769FF5B" box="[480,561,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-102@4.[151,1436,345,1560]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Tarsobaenus letourneauae, n. sp. (paratypes): 1—dorsal habitus; 2—head; 3—male, ventral abdomen; 4—female, ventral abdomen; 5—elytral plica; 6—lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6557095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6557095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13385ADEFF97996B1F5CFF176704FF5B" box="[574,604,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Tarsobaenus piper, n. sp. (holotype, paratype): 7—holotype, dorsal habitus; 8—head; 9—paratype, dorsal habitus; 10—elytral plica; 11—lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6557097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6557097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13385ADEFF97996B1F08FF1667D1FF5B" box="[618,649,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1473,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-48@8.[151,1436,237,1449]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Tarsobaenus hansoni, n. sp. (holotype, paratype): 12—holotype, dorsal habitus; 13—head; 14—paratype, dorsal habitus; 15—elytral plica; 16—lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6557101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6557101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">15</figureCitation>
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); lateral margins weakly serrulate, each serrulate denticle with single seta, serrulations strongest apically, more feeble anteriorly, obsolete in anterior third; strongly dehiscent in apical third beginning at posterior end of midelytral fascia where plicae broaden noticeably, apices distinctly tumid, serrate-spicular, independently rounded or subtruncate, interior angles of truncation negligibly serrate. Hindwing dusky-testaceous radiating from venation, apical 1/3-1/4 entirely cloudy black, not covered by elytra and obscuring apex of abdomen dorsally.
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1CA7FE5A676BFE0F" bold="true" box="[453,563,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: weakly shiny, sparsely covered with long, erect, pale setae.
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B19BCFE5B607AFE0F" box="[1246,1314,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Males</emphasis>
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(of
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<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1833FE5B65B0FE72" authorityName=", Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="letourneauae">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1833FE5B65B0FE72" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">letourneauae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with sixth visible ventrite entire but deeply emarginate, modified with lateral, inward-curved clasper-like appendages fused at middle.
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1CB4FE13676DFE57" box="[470,565,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Females</emphasis>
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with broad, gradual, smooth emargination on posterior margin of fifth sternite, sixth sternite divided longitudinally into two sclerites with widely-spaced, long, testaceous, subapical setae, dense apical fringe of shorter setae on each sclerite, apical tergite unmodified, but with pale setae of varying lengths, some apical and/or subapical setae quite long, curved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31915D0FF97996B1DA5FDA2611EFC9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF97996B1DA5FDA2611EFC9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1DA5FDA26462FD26" bold="true" box="[199,314,618,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: The species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1C98FDA367D0FD27" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[506,648,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1C98FDA367D0FD27" box="[506,648,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from other New World
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<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1909FDA361A4FD27" box="[1131,1276,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Hydnocerina">Hydnocerina</taxonomicName>
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by the broad, subulate form of the plical excavation along the sutural margin of the elytra, the lower margin of which is modified into a broad flattened flange reaching inward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13385ADEFF97996B1FF4FD7B67BCFD6F" box="[662,740,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-102@4.[151,1436,345,1560]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Tarsobaenus letourneauae, n. sp. (paratypes): 1—dorsal habitus; 2—head; 3—male, ventral abdomen; 4—female, ventral abdomen; 5—elytral plica; 6—lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6557095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6557095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13385ADEFF97996B1F8DFD7B6655FD6F" box="[751,781,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Tarsobaenus piper, n. sp. (holotype, paratype): 7—holotype, dorsal habitus; 8—head; 9—paratype, dorsal habitus; 10—elytral plica; 11—lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6557097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6557097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13385ADEFF97996B1E7AFD7A666FFD6F" box="[792,823,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1473,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-48@8.[151,1436,237,1449]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Tarsobaenus hansoni, n. sp. (holotype, paratype): 12—holotype, dorsal habitus; 13—head; 14—paratype, dorsal habitus; 15—elytral plica; 16—lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6557101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6557101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">15</figureCitation>
|
||
). When present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1967FD7B604CFD6F" box="[1029,1300,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1967FD7B61F8FD6F" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[1029,1184,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllobaenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B19C8FD7B604CFD6F" authorityName="Chapin" authorityYear="1917" box="[1194,1300,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Wolcottia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wolcottia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B182AFD7B65BDFD52" authorityName="E.A. Chapin" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Isohydnocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B182AFD7B65BDFD52" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Isohydnocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this plical structure is more elongate and shallow, typically tapering narrowly at either end. Furthermore, the protuberant eyes; convex, shiny pronotum; very large, coarse elytral punctures; serrulate apical elytral margins and especially the conspicuously large, shiny body also help to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1ED3FCD76167FC9B" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[945,1087,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1ED3FCD76167FC9B" box="[945,1087,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31915D0FF97996B1DA5FC8A615EFB97" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF97996B1DA5FC8A615EFB97" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1DA5FC8A641DFCFE" bold="true" box="[199,325,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
: Tarsal claw morphology, more specifically the presence and degree of development of the tarsal unguis, has been historically used to distinguish the three genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1E1AFCAF61D1FC23" box="[888,1161,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1E1AFCAF614BFC23" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[888,1043,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllobaenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B197DFCAF61D1FC23" authorityName="Chapin" authorityYear="1917" box="[1055,1161,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Wolcottia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wolcottia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B19A0FCAF6002FC23" authorityName="E.A. Chapin" authorityYear="1917" box="[1218,1370,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Isohydnocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B19A0FCAF6002FC23" box="[1218,1370,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Isohydnocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1DF5FC436477FC07" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,303,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1DF5FC436477FC07" box="[151,303,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Phyllobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1C5DFC436495FC07" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[319,461,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1C5DFC436495FC07" box="[319,461,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has well developed, deeply notched tarsal ungues. The subulate plical modification at the approximate elytral dehiscence is more elongate and narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1EFAFC676168FC6B" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[920,1072,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1EFAFC676168FC6B" box="[920,1072,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Phyllobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B19C4FC676043FC6A" box="[1190,1307,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B19C4FC676043FC6A" box="[1190,1307,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">P. atriceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1833FC6765B1FC4E" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1833FC6765B1FC4E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">P. subvittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compare to the subulate broadness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1FF1FC1B6679FC4F" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[659,801,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1FF1FC1B6679FC4F" box="[659,801,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1E80FC1B618AFC4F" box="[994,1234,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1E80FC1B6122FC4F" box="[994,1146,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Phyllobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not have tarsal ungues as pronounced as in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1F28FC3F6780FBB3" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[586,728,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1F28FC3F6780FBB3" box="[586,728,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Still difficult to discern is the minute tibial spur formula (e.g., 1-2-2(?)), which may prove informative in inferring intergeneric relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31915D0FF97996B1DA5FBF66624FAF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC465BFF97996B1DA5FBF66624FAF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1DA5FBF66479FBFA" bold="true" box="[199,289,1086,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
: Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1CA7FBF7670BFBFB" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[453,595,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1CA7FBF7670BFBFB" box="[453,595,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are implicated in a remarkable symbiotic relationship with ants and their plant associates. Describing it as a “parasite of mutualism,”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B1E23FBAB614BFBDF" author="Letourneau, D. K." box="[833,1043,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="215 - 217" refId="ref7504" refString="Letourneau, D. K. (1990) Code of ant-plant mutualism broken by parasite. Science, 248, 215 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 248.4952.215" type="journal article" year="1990">Letourneau (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed a species of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1843FBAB65E6FB02" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Phyllobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1843FBAB65E6FB02" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Phyllobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1DB8FB4F64F1FB02" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[218,425,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piper">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1DB8FB4F64F1FB02" box="[218,425,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus piper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) whose larvae inhabit the petiole chambers of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1EC9FB4F612EFB03" box="[939,1142,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Piper cenocladum</emphasis>
|
||
C.DC. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B19B0FB4F600AFB00" box="[1234,1362,1159,1186]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), feeding on the plant-produced food bodies. Later, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1F9BFB6366F0FB67" authorityName=", Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[761,936,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="letourneauae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1F9BFB6366F0FB67" box="[761,936,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">T. letourneauae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed exhibiting the same behavior, as well as feeding on adult and immature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1F03FB07663FFB4B" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1899" box="[609,871,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1F03FB07667EFB4B" box="[609,806,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Pheidole bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Forel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1E17FB07614CFB4B" box="[885,1044,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B197FFB0761FAFB48" box="[1053,1186,1231,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Both these species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C033DD8FF97996B1DF5FB3B647DFAAF" authorityName="Leavengood, Pinkerton and Rifkind" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,293,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tarsobaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1DF5FB3B647DFAAF" box="[151,293,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Tarsobaenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to chemically mimic their ant prey in order to induce food body production in the plant, which is normally a species-specific response to the presence of the ants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B1EE8FADF610CFA93" author="Letourneau, D. K." box="[906,1108,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="215 - 217" refId="ref7504" refString="Letourneau, D. K. (1990) Code of ant-plant mutualism broken by parasite. Science, 248, 215 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 248.4952.215" type="journal article" year="1990">Letourneau, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B1902FADF61C3FA93" author="Letourneau, D. K." box="[1120,1179,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="4 - 8" refId="ref7541" refString="Letourneau, D. K. (1993) Ants that pay the Piper. Natural History, 102 (10), 4 - 8." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B19C5FADF658AFAF7" author="Letourneau, D. K. & Dyer, L. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="162 - 169" refId="ref7568" refString="Letourneau, D. K. & Dyer, L. A. (1998) Density patterns of Piper ant-plants and associated arthropods: top-predator trophic cascades in a terrestrial system? Biotropica, 30 (2), 162 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7429.1998. tb 00051. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Letourneau and Dyer, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B1DBCFAF3674DFAF7" author="Dyer, L. A. & Letourneau, D. K." box="[222,533,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="5072 - 5076" refId="ref7005" refString="Dyer, L. A. & Letourneau, D. K. (1999) Trophic cascades in a complex terrestrial community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 96, 5072 - 5076." type="journal article" year="1999">Dyer and Letourneau, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B1F42FAF36703FAF7" author="Dyer, L. A. & Letourneau, D. K." box="[544,603,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="60 - 68" refId="ref7046" refString="Dyer, L. A. & Letourneau, D. K. (2003) Top-down and bottom-up diversity cascades in detrital vs. living food webs. Ecology Letters, 6, 60 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1461 - 0248.2003.00398. x" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF923BAAFF97996B1F05FAF36628FAF7" author="Letourneau, D. K. & Dyer, L. A. & Vega C." box="[615,880,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="2144 - 2152" refId="ref7631" refString="Letourneau, D. K., Dyer, L. A. & Vega C., G. (2004) Indirect effects of a top predator on a rainforest understory plant community. Ecology, 85 (8), 2144 - 2152. https: // doi. org / 10.1890 / 03 - 0525" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Letourneau
|
||
<emphasis id="B9779A49FF97996B1F8FFAF36646FAF7" box="[749,798,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |