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121 lines
13 KiB
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<document id="35A75EEF2DD7920CC7A362A40AED1C63" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFDC351AFF79F84D27DADEB7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Perrotia" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="327" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="61FC73F674FE376AFDAC62CD84CAC55D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="99A5659F72B8010BA8FEC1FE9D8026E5">
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<mods:title id="A832A6065ADC38E77768E0C78359805E">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DBDCCF651F0A3DA88F1A68B6FA7B963">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="19C2732E2B573A62206BE283E580E6CB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="23EC5FDDB9DA86378879A6B51A0B068C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EF8DE7B2F80B1E9B6C9A3BD31912140E">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="394EB07A683261F710FB1AA2FAD70487">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="620355B79D1DC1991CC5EAC3DB6490B6">
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<mods:title id="750337756E98867D428E6D4D2DDAD77B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AD77D2A9D9FD2E5AFBB510E508B44E1C">
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<mods:date id="F53AA4268DB7118ACE41E9AC26CD6013">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0802ED036DDC3927AC37E642828487BC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D4BDB74341A75DD8CFBE7C6238B0FED4">3872</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="EF161A4F3B299BAD50A53EEDBE835A7A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A1FC7A82F985968F15B959AE8555C456">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DC10D6DF6CF3ED4EF2FC5749AC5FECBA">301</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="255F35A2FA1E6F1385481DD5E23FCDC0">354</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B03CA5C668711A35C034C0561D371E26">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8ACC1F46EF17697807AEDEA30F1372C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77A028AA0285673587E51F842454CFE6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D5912845EA18798EBD6AA61D1B25155" type="Zenodo-Dep">251860</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFDC351AFF79F84D27DADEB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681002" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFDC351AFF79F84D27DADEB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFDC351AFF79F84D27DADEB7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<subSubSection id="C319652EFFDC351AFF79F84D27DADEB7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDC351BFF79F84D2783D8C8" blockId="26.[151,384,1941,1967]" box="[151,384,1941,1967]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<heading id="D0F481C9FFDC351BFF79F84D2783D8C8" bold="true" box="[151,384,1941,1967]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDC351BFF79F84D2783D8C8" bold="true" box="[151,384,1941,1967]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDC351BFF79F84D26F8D8C8" ID-CoL="92JLX" box="[151,251,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDC351BFF79F84D26F8D8C8" bold="true" box="[151,251,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Perrotia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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discussion
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDC351AFF79F80427DADEB7" blockId="26.[151,1436,2012,2037]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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The fact that several caterpillars were found of the extremely rare species in collections,
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDC351BFB7BF806231ED892" box="[1173,1309,2012,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Perrotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiplaga">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDC351BFB7BF806231ED892" box="[1173,1309,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">P. albiplaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, may have been a freak event, but more likely indicates that early stages are more easily located than adults in this species. This could also apply to other apparently rare Madagascan endemics. The striking caterpillar central head marking is not matched in any other African
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFDDAFF0724B9DF9F" box="[564,698,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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as far as we are aware, but is more reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFAECFF072365DF9F" box="[1282,1382,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFAECFF072365DF9F" box="[1282,1382,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kedestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="13382A20FFDD351AFF3FFEDC2733DE7A" box="[209,304,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1405,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1405,1946]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Detail of head of final instar of Kedestes wallengrenii wallengrenii, collected on Cymbopogon sp., Mufindi, Tanzania [TCEC]. 1, anterior view, 20 Jan 2013; 2, lateral view, 18 Jan 2013." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251865/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFE9FFEDC246DDE7A" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" box="[369,622,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiara">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFE9FFEDC240FDE7B" box="[369,524,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Moltena fiara</emphasis>
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(Butler)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFD93FEDC2560DE7B" author="Henning" box="[637,867,260,285]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Vol. I. Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
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Henning
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFD09FEDD251ADE7A" box="[743,793,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al</emphasis>
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. 1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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, TCEC unpublished) than other genera. The black anal plate in instar n-2 is not a common feature amongst African
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFC5AFEFF223FDE27" box="[948,1084,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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, but is found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFAE3FEF1236DDE27" box="[1293,1390,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Moltena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiara">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFAE3FEF1236DDE27" box="[1293,1390,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">M. fiara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFA6CFEF1277CDE02" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="niveostriga" subSpecies="schloszi">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFA6CFEF1277CDE02" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">K. niveostriga schloszi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(above),
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFE11FE95248BDE02" box="[511,648,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callicles">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFE11FE95248BDE02" box="[511,648,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">K. callicles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13382A20FFDD351AFD4CFE94250EDE03" box="[674,781,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,647,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,645,1779]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Probably Kedestes callicles caterpillar collected on Enteropogon macrostachyus, Kibwezi, Kenya, 21 Jan 1990; photographed 22 Jan; died; 90 / 13." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251867/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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) and we have seen a similar marking in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFADAFE942757DEEF" authority="(Heteropterinae)" baseAuthorityName="Heteropterinae" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFADAFE94239FDE02" box="[1332,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Metisella</emphasis>
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(Heteropterinae)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The extensive dark markings of the pupa are reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFBEDFEB72264DEEF" box="[1027,1127,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Kedestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFBEDFEB72264DEEF" box="[1027,1127,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kedestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<figureCitation id="13382A20FFDD351AFB45FEB7230EDEEF" box="[1195,1293,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,628,1327]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Kedestes wallengrenii wallengrenii, collected on Cymbopogon sp., Mufindi, Tanzania; photographed 30 Jan 2013 [TCEC]. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251866/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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), rather than members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFEA1FE4C27A8DECA" box="[335,427,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ploetzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFEA1FE4C27A8DECA" box="[335,427,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Ploetzia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (below,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFDB9FE4C251ADECB" author="Cock" box="[599,793,404,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="Cock, M. J. W., Congdon, T. C. E. & Collins, S. C. (2014) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 6. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: palm feeders. Zootaxa, 3831 (1), 1 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3831.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Cock
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFD75FE4D24CEDECA" box="[667,717,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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). We hesitate to suggest any phylogenetic links based on these superficial similarities.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |