treatments-xml/data/03/AA/87/03AA87A3FF9FFF8571EB86E2452D00E9.xml

<document id="486B91E6430F7C4CB0BEA10A99F09E21" ID-CLB-Dataset="21225" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.705" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b35bfbad-0050-4662-b03e-3a59235b22d2" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994469" ID-ZooBank="B05B3C54-31C8-42C4-940F-63354D573678" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598016369708" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Oliveira, Karine Gobetti de, Bolonhezi, Laura Bianco, Almeida, Ana Laura, Lago-Barcia, Domingo &amp; Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2020" docId="03AA87A3FF9FFF8571EB86E2452D00E9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-705_oliveira_bolonhezi_almeida.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 705" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CBCCCD96-212C-4958-AE86-7CB5AE6E1653" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF93FFDBFF9DFF8D703A833E47740552" masterDocTitle="Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698845073251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="DB8C0FAEDD04E5E78F46626E7E6D2833">Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AA61F47BD033DD8708B6E027FD9126C">Oliveira, Karine Gobetti de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A3425452B8879171FAFB2DC8A6C12A68">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9645138D5F37F5ABCB92047B179D5ED3" type="email">karine.gobetti.oliveira@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F21CA99F7006B4DF4B4378BFC9EF1E2B">Bolonhezi, Laura Bianco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35A66E777F08720857F692C5EFB6F3A2">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3156A4C67E36C51A5191D27943146384" type="email">laura.bolonhezi@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5499E2FEE71BC74E96DC70EC252482B5">Almeida, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="234C7A1149C2F015BB1943F806D4D407">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4F41187528D519E6F20462050403F33" type="email">ana.laura.santos@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7DF621DE5B87B9FD6C84245AE60398D0">Lago-Barcia, Domingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84A5E025606B76018F265A56F7AE1D23">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B86DF139A2BDC81412328AEE0ED0881">Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D2DF8868D36E2C822C2CEC9E505F972">Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263 - 000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="067D9719259697C345DDE2B60AEFCA78">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AA87A3FF9FFF8571EB86E2452D00E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167287933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328412" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBCCCD96-212C-4958-AE86-7CB5AE6E1653" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87A3FF9FFF8571EB86E2452D00E9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF9FFF8F71EB86E2437400A5" authority="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[465,1024,1500,1527]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F71EB86E245EA00A5" bold="true" box="[465,670,1500,1527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo
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<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9FFF8F72DD851744390311" box="[743,845,1576,1603]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,1021,1047]" captionStartId-1="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-2="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionStartId-3="6.[189,232,1167,1193]" captionStartId-4="6.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,976]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1398,1124,1846]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1372,1005,1908]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1396,278,1115]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1398,1376,1909]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[189,1398,265,976]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[189,1398,1123,1861]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[189,1401,1005,1920]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[189,1398,265,1128]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[189,1398,1376,1924]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., living holotype (MZUSP PL2187), 56 mm in length. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A. Anterior extremity in clove oil. B. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. C. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A–E. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of anterior region showing different glandular fossae." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype. A. Pharynx. B. Copulatory apparatus." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Obama apiguara. Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994471" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994475" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994477" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994479" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3994471/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3994475/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3994477/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3994479/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9FFF8F70878553464203D5" blockId="2.[189,310,1645,1671]" box="[189,310,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F70878553464203D5" bold="true" box="[189,310,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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A species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF9FFF8F716D85A046D903EA" authorityName="Carbayo, Alvarez-Presas, Olivares, Marques, Froehlich &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2013" box="[343,429,1694,1720]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F716D85A046D903EA" box="[343,429,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Obama</emphasis>
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with a dark ivory dorsum, dark tips and numerous small longitudinal black striae and a glandular fossae opening through the epidermic epithelium. The subintestinal parenchymal muscle is intermingled with the nerve plexus. The penis papilla is provided with a small intra-papillar, fingerlike papilla. A common glandular ovovitelline duct is absent. The female genital duct projects from the mid-dorsal section of the female atrium.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C319653EFF9FFF8F70878444432402B9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<heading id="D0F481D9FF9FFF8F70878444463002C6" bold="true" box="[189,324,1914,1940]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F70878444463002C6" bold="true" box="[189,324,1914,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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The name, ' 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F7179849546C10297" box="[323,437,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">apiguara'</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F71FE849245400297" box="[452,564,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">apyguara</emphasis>
) is a Tupi (indigenous Brazilian language) word, meaning ' 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9FFF8F74D8849542050297" box="[1250,1393,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">nasal fossae</emphasis>
' (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF9FFF8F70FF84EF462E02B9" author="Bueno F. S." box="[197,346,2001,2027]" firstAuthor="Bueno" journalOrPublisher="Efeta Editora, Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9889" refString="Bueno F. S. 1998. Vocabulario tupi-guarani portugues. Efeta Editora, Sao Paulo." title="Vocabulario tupi-guarani portugues" type="book" year="1998">Bueno 1998</bibRefCitation>
). It refers to the glandular fossae opening through the epidermis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF9EFF8E70878235432C07CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E7087823546DE0477" blockId="3.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF9EFF8E7087823546DE0477" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9EFF8E7087823546DE0477" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9EFF8E70D0820546280407" bold="true" box="[234,348,315,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF9EFF8E70D0820546280407" box="[234,348,315,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E708782614690077F" blockId="3.[189,1399,315,557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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• 
<specimenCount id="9D05FD3CFF9EFF8E717A826146E0042A" box="[320,404,350,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49C7F857FF9EFF8E719B826145C7042A" box="[417,691,350,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">State of Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8ACCFFF9EFF8E72858261443D042B" box="[703,841,351,377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Três Barras</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EDC606EFF9EFF8E736C826143AB042A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87A3FF9FFF8571EB86E2452D00E9:8EDC606EFF9EFF8E736C826143AB042A" box="[854,1247,350,377]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-28.2356" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-49.4988" municipality="Tres Barras" name="Parque Nacional de Sao Joaquim" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="State of Santa Catarina">Parque Nacional de São Joaquim</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE375072FF9EFF8E74D682604205042B" box="[1260,1393,350,377]" degrees="28.2356" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="5" value="-28.2356">28.2356° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE375072FF9EFF8E708782BD463A04CF" box="[189,334,387,413]" degrees="49.4988" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="5" value="-49.4988">49.4988° W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="FFBD1075FF9EFF8E716082BD469F04CF" box="[346,491,387,413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2017-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E99DFF9EFF8E716082BD469F04CF" box="[346,491,387,413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2017-09-06">6 Sep. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26F65363FF9EFF8E71C282BD450C04CF" box="[504,632,387,413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9EFF8E72BA82BA45C804CF" box="[640,700,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; sagittal sections of copulatory apparatus on 54 slides, transverse sections of cephalic region on 26 slides, horizontal sections of portion containing ovaries on 11 slides, sagittal sections of posterior portion containing ovaries on 23 slides, sagittal sections of pharynx region on 32 slides, transverse sections of pre-pharyngeal region on 11 slides; field number F7378; 
<collectionCode id="ED12AE70FF9EFF8E712D812D460C077F" box="[279,376,531,557]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA59ECEFF9EFF8E7145812D4694077F" box="[383,480,531,557]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">PL2187</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E708781684629073D" blockId="3.[189,349,597,624]" box="[189,349,597,624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF9EFF8E708781684629073D" bold="true" box="[189,349,597,624]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9EFF8E708781684629073D" bold="true" box="[189,349,597,624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E708781BB432C07CD" blockId="3.[189,1112,645,672]" box="[189,1112,645,672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Três Barras (Parque Nacional de São Joaquim), state of 
<collectingRegion id="49C7F857FF9EFF8E737481BB448907CD" box="[846,1021,645,671]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3147625FF9EFF8E743381BB432007CD" box="[1033,1108,645,671]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF9EFF8A708781F9456402B9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E708781F9463A07B3" blockId="3.[189,334,711,737]" box="[189,334,711,737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF9EFF8E708781F9463A07B3" bold="true" box="[189,334,711,737]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9EFF8E708781F9463A07B3" bold="true" box="[189,334,711,737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E708781C643670643" blockId="3.[189,1043,759,786]" box="[189,1043,759,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
MEASUREMENTS. The 
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF9EFF8E718A81C9456E0643" box="[432,538,759,785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, preserved, is 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E72FB81C944670640" box="[705,787,759,786]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E73BD81C944BF0640" box="[903,971,759,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E708780044234017E" blockId="3.[189,1399,825,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
BODY. Broad and flattened dorsoventrally. The body margins are nearly parallel, except the anterior 25%, and the posterior 17% of the body, which are pointed and obtuse, respectively. The dorsum is slightly convex, the ventral side flat. The color of the dorsum of the living specimen is dark ivory, pigmented and with numerous small longitudinal black striae formed by small spots. The anterior and posterior extremities, each 10–15% of body length, exhibit a black pigment. This pigment almost covers the striae (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E710380D046E2015A" box="[313,406,1006,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1021,1047]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,976]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,265,976]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., living holotype (MZUSP PL2187), 56 mm in length. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994471/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). The ventral side is pastel-yellow in color, whitish in the region of the pharynx and the copulatory apparatus, and brown in both extremities (17% of the length of the body) (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E74EF872C4244017E" box="[1237,1328,1042,1068]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1021,1047]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,976]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,265,976]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., living holotype (MZUSP PL2187), 56 mm in length. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994471/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E7087876B43D8001B" blockId="3.[189,1399,1108,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
EYES. Single-lobed and without halos, measuring about 50 μm in diameter. They are absent at the very anterior apex of the body (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E71C18747452D01C1" box="[507,601,1145,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1124,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,1123,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A. Anterior extremity in clove oil. B. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. C. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) and are initially uniserial. Behind 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E73C58747433101C1" box="[1023,1093,1145,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
(7% of body length from anterior tip), they are arranged in 2–3 marginal rows, which reach, on each side, approximately 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E753B87A3422D01EA" box="[1281,1369,1181,1208]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
of the total body width (1.25% of the body width). The eye distribution reaches the region of the gonopore, behind it becoming scarcer until the posterior tip of the body. The sensory pits are about 45 μm deep, and are distributed in a single ventro-marginal row. They contour the anterior extremity of the body and are distributed along the body until 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E720F861045F3001A" box="[565,647,1326,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
from anterior extremity (25% of body length).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E7087864E420203D5" blockId="3.[189,1399,1392,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
CREEPING SOLE. Occupies approximately 96% of the body width. The positions of the mouth and the gonopore relative to the anterior tip are about 70% and 85% of the body length, respectively. In the prepharyngeal region (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E719C868645700080" box="[422,516,1464,1490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1124,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,1123,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A. Anterior extremity in clove oil. B. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. C. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), the dorsal epithelium is crossed by necks of rabditogen cells, especially on the sides of the body; it is also crossed by necks of cells producing fine (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E740886E343FC00A5" box="[1074,1160,1501,1527]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 µm</quantity>
) cyanophil granules and by necks of scarce cells producing xanthophil and erythrophil granules, respectively. The ventral epithelium is traversed by an abundant number of necks of cells producing cyanophil granules and a low number of necks of cells producing either xanthophil or erythrophil fine granules. In the body margins, the density of gland cells slightly increases giving rise to a poorly delimited glandular margin (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E75378553421D03D5" box="[1293,1385,1645,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1124,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,1123,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A. Anterior extremity in clove oil. B. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. C. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9EFF8E7087858E459802B9" blockId="3.[189,1399,1711,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
ANTERIOR 45% OF THE BODY. Presents a structures herein called glandular fossae. These glandular fossae are distributed irregularly in a simple or double row along the dorsal and body margins (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E74EB85EA426D03BC" box="[1233,1305,1748,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1372,1005,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1401,1005,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A–E. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of anterior region showing different glandular fossae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). A few fossae are also found in the ventral body margins (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E732285C644010240" box="[792,885,1784,1810]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1372,1005,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1401,1005,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A–E. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of anterior region showing different glandular fossae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). A glandular fossa consists of a 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9EFF8E74C785C642030240" box="[1277,1399,1784,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="30.0">30–70 µm</quantity>
deep invagination, mostly simple (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E7269842245DB0264" box="[595,687,1820,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1372,1005,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1401,1005,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A–E. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of anterior region showing different glandular fossae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), sometimes bifurcate (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9EFF8E73F9842243550264" box="[963,1057,1820,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1372,1005,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1401,1005,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A–E. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of anterior region showing different glandular fossae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). The invaginations are lined with a 
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high epithelium, that is lower than surrounding body epithelium (
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high). Cells of the lining epithelium are strongly erythrophil. The lumen of the fossae seem to contain red-pinkish threads and fine erythrophil granules. Necks of glands producing xanthophil secretions are located in surrounding parenchyma of the fossae, but they apparently do not discharge their secretion into the fossae but through surrounding epidermal cells.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C663DFF99FF89708780C3447D0168" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994471/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1021,1047]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,976]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF99FF89708780C3447D0168" blockId="4.[189,1398,1021,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF89708780C3467A0145" bold="true" box="[189,270,1021,1047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF99FF89712380C344220145" authority="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,854,1021,1047]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF89712380C346920145" box="[281,486,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF99FF89735880C044B7014A" box="[866,963,1022,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, living holotype (MZUSP PL2187), 56 mm in length. 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF8971B7871E46D60168" bold="true" box="[397,418,1056,1082]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF897276871F45140169" bold="true" box="[588,608,1057,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7C663DFF99FF89708784B444AC02B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[190,1398,1124,1846]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF99FF89708784B444AC02B9" blockId="4.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF89708784B4467D02F6" bold="true" box="[189,265,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF99FF89713584B4444002F6" authority="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[271,820,1930,1956]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF89713584B446AC02F6" box="[271,472,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF99FF89730184B544E202F7" box="[827,918,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MZUSP PL2187). 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF8974C884B4427302F6" bold="true" box="[1266,1287,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
. Anterior extremity in clove oil. 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF8971E284904698029A" bold="true" box="[472,492,1966,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF99FF89708784EF47A602B9" bold="true" box="[189,210,2001,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF98FF887087823543900487" blockId="5.[189,1399,267,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
CUTANEOUS MUSCULATURE. Organized in three layers: a subepithelial layer of circular fibers, followed by a layer of double diagonal fibers and a longitudinal one with bundles composed of 32–96 fibers each. The thickness of the cutaneous musculature is 10% of the body height in the pre-pharyngeal region. The parenchymal musculature is composed of a dorsal layer of diagonal fibers, followed by a supraintestinal layer of transverse fibers and a subintestinal layer of transverse fibers extending below the nerve plate, thus intermingled with it. The main nervous system presents the shape of a plate (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF98FF887440828543A30487" box="[1146,1239,443,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1124,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,1123,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A. Anterior extremity in clove oil. B. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. C. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF98FF88708782C344DF0662" blockId="5.[189,1399,509,817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
MOUTH. Opens at the end of the second third of the pharyngeal pouch. The pharynx is cylindrical (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF98FF8870FC811E46510768" box="[198,293,544,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1167,1193]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,278,1115]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,265,1128]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype. A. Pharynx. B. Copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994477/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), with the dorsal insertion posteriorly shifted. It occupies 77% of the length of the pharyngeal pouch. An esophagus is present; under its lining epithelium, there is a one-fiber-thick muscle layer followed by a layer (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF98FF8871948158468807D3" box="[430,508,614,641]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
) of circular fibers interspersed with longitudinal fibers. The pharynx is lined with a cuboidal, ciliated epithelium. The pharyngeal epithelium is crossed by necks of three 
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF98FF88752D81B4422107F6" box="[1303,1365,650,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
of gland cells producing erythrophil, cyanophil and xanthophil granules, respectively. The outer pharyngeal epithelium is lined with a longitudinal muscle (
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), followed by a circular muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF98FF88749581EE438507B8" box="[1199,1265,720,747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
). The inner pharyngeal epithelium is lined with a a layer (
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) of circular fibers interspersed with longitudinal fibers, followed by a one-fiber-thick layer of longitudinal fibers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF98FF887087806643B206EB" blockId="5.[189,1399,856,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
TESTES. Dorsal, with a round shape, the largest being about 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF98FF8873A2806644830620" box="[920,1015,856,882]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
in diameter. They are arranged in 3–4 rows on each side of the body, starting 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF98FF8872C88045443306C4" box="[754,839,891,918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
behind the anterior extremity of the body and reaching 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF98FF88711380A046E106EB" box="[297,405,926,953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
, which corresponds to 23% and 37% of the body length, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C663DFF98FF8870878493422C02B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994475/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[189,1372,1005,1908]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF98FF8870878493422C02B9" blockId="5.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF98FF887087849346610295" bold="true" box="[189,277,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF98FF88711C849344F10295" authority="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,901,1965,1992]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF98FF88711C8493468E0295" box="[294,506,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF98FF8873AD8490448A029A" box="[919,1022,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MZUSP PL2187). 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF98FF88708784EE478102B9" bold="true" box="[189,245,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A–E</emphasis>
. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of anterior region showing different glandular fossae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9BFF8B708787B143B8019F" blockId="6.[189,1399,1167,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9BFF8B708787B1466101FB" bold="true" box="[189,277,1167,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF9BFF8B711D87B144FD01FB" authority="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityName="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[295,905,1167,1193]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9BFF8B711D87B1468801FB" box="[295,508,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF9BFF8B73A687B1437501FB" box="[924,1025,1167,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype. 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9BFF8B7328878C4453019E" bold="true" box="[786,807,1202,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
. Pharynx. 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9BFF8B739C878C44CE019E" bold="true" box="[934,954,1202,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
. Copulatory apparatus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7C663DFF9BFF8B70878493431002B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994479" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994479/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[189,1398,1376,1909]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9BFF8B70878493431002B9" blockId="6.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9BFF8B708784934661029A" bold="true" box="[189,277,1965,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF9BFF8B711C8493468E0295" authorityName="Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,506,1965,1991]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF9BFF8B711C8493468E0295" box="[294,506,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF9BFF8B73A484904377029A" box="[926,1027,1966,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9AFF8A7087823243B5048F" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
EFFERENT DUCTS. Bend upwards and forwards before ending in the proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle. The prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar, elongate and exhibits an inverted-U shape in lateral view. The proximal portion of this vesicle is forked. The vesicle enters the ventro-anterior section of the penis bulb to communicate with the ejaculatory duct. The prostatic vesicle is lined with a columnar, ciliated epithelium which is crossed by necks of cells producing erythrophil granules. This epithelium is surrounded by a circular muscle (
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thick), the ectal fibers of which are decussate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9AFF8A70878139452F07E6" blockId="7.[189,1399,518,692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
EJACULATORY DUCT. Meanders in the first half of its length and becomes straight in the second half. This duct crosses the center of the intrapenial papilla, and its lining epithelium is columnar (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A74858115427A0714" box="[1215,1294,555,582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
tall) and ciliated. This epithelium is crossed by necks of cells producing erythrophil granules in its first half; in its second half, it is pierced by necks of cells producing cyanophil granules. The epithelium is surrounded by a circular muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A718081A4457C07E6" box="[442,520,666,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
thick).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9AFF8A708781E3456A0110" blockId="7.[189,1399,732,1090]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
PENIS PAPILLA. Larger than the male atrium and cylindrical, with its dorsal insertion slightly anterior to its ventral. It is provided with a finger-like intra-penial papilla with 
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in length, which is oriented postero-dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9AFF8A71B78018469A0612" box="[397,494,806,832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1167,1193]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,278,1115]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,265,1128]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype. A. Pharynx. B. Copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994477/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9AFF8A71C78018457A0613" box="[509,526,806,833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1376,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,1376,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Obama apiguara. Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994479/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</figureCitation>
). The epithelium of the intra-penial papilla is 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A740D801843030613" box="[1079,1143,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
high, and crossed by necks of cells producing erythrophil and cyanophil granules, respectively. This epithelium is underlain by a 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A70C7804E464B06D8" box="[253,319,880,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
thick longitudinal muscle, followed by a circular muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A7437804E433B06D8" box="[1037,1103,880,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 µm</quantity>
thick). This intra-penial papilla has radial muscle fibers and is provided with a sort of penis bulb constituted by crossed fibers. The large penis papilla is lined with a cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium, which is pierced by necks of abundant cells producing erythrophil granules. This epithelium is underlain by a circular muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A751080E0420306AB" box="[1322,1399,990,1017]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
thick), followed by a longitudinal muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A7282873D4440014F" box="[696,820,1027,1053]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 µm</quantity>
thick), both layers being intermixed close to the insertions of the penis papilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9AFF8A70878755454C01A1" blockId="7.[189,1398,1131,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
MALE ATRIUM. Large and not folded, lined with a squamous-to-cuboidal epithelium, which is crossed by necks of cells producing erythrophil granules and a low number of necks of cells producing xanthophil granules. This epithelium is underlain by a circular muscle (
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thick), which in some areas presents intermingled longitudinal fibers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9AFF8A708786224625030E" blockId="7.[189,1399,1308,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
OVARIES (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9AFF8A7111862246F20064" box="[299,390,1308,1335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1124,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,1123,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP PL2187). A. Anterior extremity in clove oil. B. Photomicrograph of horizontal section showing ovaries and musculature. C. Photomicrograph of transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994473/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Ovoid, 
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in length and 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A72CF862244240065" box="[757,848,1308,1335]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
in width, approximately. They are situated at a distance from the anterior extremity of the body, equivalent to 27% of the body length. The ovovitelline ducts emerge from the dorso-lateral region of the ovaries and subsequently run above the nerve plate, ventrally to the efferent ducts. At the level of the gonopore, the ovovitelline ducts bend dorsally to join the female genital duct, which is a projection of the dorso-medial wall of this atrium (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9AFF8A748D869142740098" box="[1207,1280,1455,1482]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1376,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,1376,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Obama apiguara. Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994479/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). There is no common glandular ovovitelline duct. The distal portion of the ovovitelline ducts receives secretions from the shell glands. The female genital duct is lined with a 
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A73B486C744AF0341" box="[910,987,1529,1556]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 µm</quantity>
high, non ciliated epithelium. This epithelium is crossed by necks of two 
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF9AFF8A72A3852045A3036A" box="[665,727,1566,1592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
of cells producing erythrophil and cyanophil granules, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF9AFF8A708785B8456402B9" blockId="7.[189,1399,1669,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
FEMALE ATRIUM. Large and as long as the male atrium. The anterior portion of the atrium does not narrow and continues with the male atrium (
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9AFF8A72CA859444230396" box="[752,855,1706,1732]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1167,1193]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,278,1115]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,265,1128]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype. A. Pharynx. B. Copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994477/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13382A30FF9AFF8A735D8594440D0397" box="[871,889,1706,1733]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1376,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,1376,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Obama apiguara. Oliveira, Almeida &amp; Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994479/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</figureCitation>
). The female atrium exhibits 2–3 lateral folds that partially occupy its lumen. It is lined with a non-ciliated epithelium, with a stratified appearance in its posterior region. Towards the anterior portion of the atrium, this epithelium passes progressively to cuboidal (
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high, ventrally) or columnar (
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high, dorsally), and is crossed by necks of cells producing erythrophil granules and by a low number of necks of cells producing coarse cyanophil granules. The posteriormost section of the female atrium is pierced by cells producing a xanthophil amorphous secretion. The epithelium of the atrium is underlain by a longitudinal muscle (
<quantity id="4CFB9B50FF9AFF8A723C8492453D0294" box="[518,585,1964,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 µm</quantity>
thick), followed by a circular muscle; fibers of both muscles are intermingled in some parts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF95FF857087823543DF0017" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF8570878235465B0477" blockId="8.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF95FF8570878235465B0477" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8570878235465B0477" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF8570878202434204F1" blockId="8.[189,1399,316,419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
This new species best matches 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85720A820245F20404" authorityName="Carbayo, Alvarez-Presas, Olivares, Marques, Froehlich &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2013" box="[560,646,316,342]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85720A820245F20404" box="[560,646,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Obama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since it presents the diagnostic features of this genus, with the exception of the eyes, which are only monolobate, the small intra-papillar finger-like penis papilla, and the female genital duct projecting from the dorsal side of the female atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF85708782F3446507A1" blockId="8.[189,1399,461,755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Among the 39 members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8571CF82F3453F04B5" authorityName="Carbayo, Alvarez-Presas, Olivares, Marques, Froehlich &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2013" box="[501,587,461,487]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8571CF82F3453F04B5" box="[501,587,461,487]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Obama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only four species also display a similar dorsal color pattern consisting of longitudinal dark small dots on a light ground color, namely 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8573EC82CA4206075F" authority="Marques et al., 2018" authorityName="Marques" authorityYear="2018" box="[982,1394,499,526]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="allandra">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8573EC82CA4310075F" box="[982,1124,499,526]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. allandra</emphasis>
Marques 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8574D882CA426E075F" box="[1250,1306,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF857087812445350766" authority="Carbayo et al., 2015" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,577,537,564]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nungara">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF857087812446300761" box="[189,324,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. nungara</emphasis>
Carbayo 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF857182812446800761" box="[440,500,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8572778124448A0766" authority="Rossi et al., 2015" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[589,1022,537,564]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="maculipunctata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8572778124445C0761" box="[589,808,537,564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. maculipunctata</emphasis>
Rossi 
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF857343812444C00761" box="[889,948,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF857402812443950761" box="[1080,1249,538,564]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF857402812443950761" box="[1080,1249,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schultze &amp; M̹ller, 1857). Among them the striae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8572A2817E444B070B" box="[664,831,576,602]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8572A2817E444B070B" box="[664,831,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85734C817E4488070B" box="[886,1020,576,602]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nungara">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85734C817E4488070B" box="[886,1020,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. nungara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only form irregular longitudinal stripes as in the new species. However, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8572878158443207D2" box="[701,838,614,640]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nungara">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8572878158443207D2" box="[701,838,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. nungara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the irregular stripes are wider and the ground color is darker. 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85714781B2451607F4" box="[381,610,652,678]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85714781B2451607F4" box="[381,610,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Obama marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to the new species. Differences are related to the stripes, which are more evident in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85725B818C4478079E" box="[609,780,690,716]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85725B818C4478079E" box="[609,780,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to the darker anterior and posterior body tips, restricted to a short body portion in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85725881E7447E07A0" box="[610,778,729,755]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85725881E7447E07A0" box="[610,778,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF857087802344C70682" blockId="8.[189,1398,796,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Among the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8571FE802345FC0665" authorityName="Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" box="[452,648,797,823]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8571FE802345FC0665" box="[452,648,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudogeoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8572E8802343550665" authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[722,1057,796,823]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="blanchardi">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8572E88023440A0665" box="[722,894,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ps. blanchardi</emphasis>
(Graff, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85746180234675060F" authority="(Shirch, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Shirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="doederleine">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF857461802342650665" box="[1115,1297,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ps. doederleine</emphasis>
(Shirch, 1929)
</taxonomicName>
somewhat resemble our species in the marbled aspect of the dorsum. However, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8574FE807A421B060F" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1220,1391,835,861]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="blanchardi">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8574FE807A421B060F" box="[1220,1391,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ps. blanchardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F3147625FF95FF8570C18057460306D1" box="[251,375,873,899]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, the dark spots are rounded (vs striated in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8573608057449C06D1" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[858,1000,873,899]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8573608057449C06D1" box="[858,1000,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. apiguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF95FF8573D48057433F06D1" box="[1006,1099,873,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8574418054424406D1" baseAuthorityName="Shirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1147,1328,873,899]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="doederleine">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8574418054424406D1" box="[1147,1328,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ps. doederleine</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Rio Doce (Rio de Janeiro), the spots are absent in a midband which is ornamented with four brownish thin longitudinal stripes (vs absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85724D808B4434069D" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[631,832,949,975]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85724D808B4434069D" box="[631,832,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF95FF85737D808844D20682" box="[839,934,950,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF85708780C743DF0017" blockId="8.[189,1399,1017,1349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Regarding internal morphology, the copulatory apparatus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8573AB80C443290141" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[913,1117,1018,1044]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8573AB80C443290141" box="[913,1117,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF95FF85745C80C443B70146" box="[1126,1219,1018,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8570E7871E45680168" authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[221,540,1056,1082]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="applanata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8570E7871E460C0168" box="[221,376,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. applanata</emphasis>
(Graff, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85726C871E449C0169" authority="(sensu Marcus, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[598,1000,1056,1083]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="carrierei">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85726C871E45950168" box="[598,737,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. carrierei</emphasis>
(sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF95FF857306871E44AB0169" author="Marcus E." box="[828,991,1056,1083]" firstAuthor="Marcus" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 215" part="6" refId="ref10082" refString="Marcus E. 1951. Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia 6: 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221." title="Turbellaria brasileiros" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in that the latter species present a structure similar to an intra-penial papilla as in the new species (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF95FF8573D4877843FA0133" author="Marcus E." box="[1006,1166,1094,1121]" firstAuthor="Marcus" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 215" part="6" refId="ref10082" refString="Marcus E. 1951. Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia 6: 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1951.125221." title="Turbellaria brasileiros" type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus 1951</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 169; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B44FF95FF85753C8778478801D5" author="Froehlich C. G." firstAuthor="Froehlich" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="313 - 344" part="12" refId="ref10051" refString="Froehlich C. G. 1956. Tricladida Terricola das regiies de Teresopolis e Ubatuba. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 12 (16): 313 - 344." title="Tricladida Terricola das regiies de Teresopolis e Ubatuba" type="journal article" year="1956">Froehlich 1956</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8571D9875345F601D4" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[483,642,1132,1159]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="applanata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8571D9875345F601D4" box="[483,642,1132,1159]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. applanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF8572F88753443B01D4" box="[706,847,1133,1159]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="carreirei">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8572F88753443B01D4" box="[706,847,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. carreirei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the new species in the following aspects: they a) present the dorsal insertion of the penis papilla shifted posteriorly (vs anteriorly in the new species); b) possess a common glandular ovovitelline duct (vs absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF857493878642030180" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2020" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bolonhezi &amp; Almeida &amp; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2020" box="[1193,1399,1208,1234]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF857493878642030180" box="[1193,1399,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Obama apiguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24457DCFF95FF85708787E1466A01AB" box="[189,286,1247,1273]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); and c) their female genital duct projects from the posterior (
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85743687E143ED01AA" box="[1036,1177,1247,1273]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="carreirei">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85743687E143ED01AA" box="[1036,1177,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. carreirei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or postero-dorsal aspect (
<taxonomicName id="4C034D36FF95FF85712C863B46C4004D" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[278,432,1285,1311]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="applanata">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF85712C863B46C4004D" box="[278,432,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. applanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of the female atrium (vs dorsal). In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the new species is the only land planarian having glandular fossae opening through epidermis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319653EFF95FF8570878651452D00E9" box="[189,601,1391,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF8570878651462200DB" blockId="8.[189,342,1391,1417]" box="[189,342,1391,1417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0F481D9FF95FF8570878651462200DB" bold="true" box="[189,342,1391,1417]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B977EAA7FF95FF8570878651462200DB" bold="true" box="[189,342,1391,1417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36B5FF95FF857087869F452D00E9" blockId="8.[189,601,1441,1467]" box="[189,601,1441,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54B88817FF95FF8571F8869F468100E9" box="[450,501,1441,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>