213 lines
40 KiB
XML
213 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="540AD2609BDBB6B86516360C5B8AD497">Comparative skin histology of neotropical odontophrynid frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A39751FC85DC49139915C6A60B64584">O'Donohoe, M. E. Ailín</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DAF7290C9A79C91D62139431EDFB016E">Rosset, Sergio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C09033D388CBD3DAF7407FDCAD19195B">Regueira, Eleonora</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE055B6670F1CC81DA062C14A37A9888">Haddad, Célio F. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16FE64093DCB891B78A82460BA95A224">Basso, Néstor G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8BD5B58D6C0F92184D424CA2151F406">Hermida, Gladys N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="240D3053D7FAE5911AB1E88D06644E6A">Zoologischer Anzeiger</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2297409B906E4D6F2B98EEF0D29D1487">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3199795FFAA1D318B57DFC828B7028A" box="[818,1245,1432,1452]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBCC41EFFAA1D318B57DFC828B7028A" blockId="9.[818,1245,1432,1452]" box="[818,1245,1432,1452]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
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<heading id="D0F47372FFAA1D318B57DFC828B7028A" box="[818,1245,1432,1452]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318B57DFC828B7028A" bold="true" box="[818,1245,1432,1452]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
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3.3. Protuberances in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFAA1D318C3DDFC928B7028A" ID-CoL="6W75" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[1112,1245,1432,1451]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proceratophrys</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3199795FFAA1D338B34DF812EE505F1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBCC41EFFAA1D318B34DF8128F8004B" blockId="9.[818,1488,1488,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
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The skin of the postorbital-supratympanic and dorsal regions of the two examined species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFAA1D318CF5DFBD297F02DE" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[1168,1301,1516,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318CF5DFBD297F02DE" bold="true" box="[1168,1301,1516,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Proceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFAA1D318D42DFBC29E202DE" box="[1319,1416,1516,1536]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avelinoi">
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||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318D42DFBC29590121" bold="true" box="[1319,1331,1517,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318D26DFBD29E202DE" bold="true" box="[1347,1416,1516,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">avelinoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFAA1D318DD8DFBC2F06013A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Proceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brauni">
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318DD8DFBC29A30121" bold="true" box="[1469,1481,1517,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318B57DC592F06013A" bold="true" box="[818,876,1544,1563]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">brauni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
) is similar, both externally and histologically. Macroscopically, the two species show small protuberances homogeneously distributed throughout these regions (
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||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318C28DC1128F50172" box="[1101,1183,1600,1619]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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). Microscopically, these protuberances have an epidermis consisting of 3–4 cell layers: the basal layer with cylindrical cells (
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318C53DC29289201AA" bold="true" box="[1078,1272,1656,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum germinativum</emphasis>
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), a medial 1–2 layer of cubic cells (
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318BC1DCC528340187" bold="true" box="[932,1118,1683,1703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum intermedium</emphasis>
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), and a very thick layer of flat, highly keratinized cells (
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318BB9DCE1281901E2" bold="true" box="[988,1139,1712,1731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum corneum</emphasis>
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||
) (
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<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318CEEDCFE28BB01E2" box="[1163,1233,1711,1731]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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). The epidermal surface is completely covered with conical spines (
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<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318CDBDC9A296601FE" box="[1214,1292,1739,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[1035,1065,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[102,1008,149,978]" captionTargetId="figure-679@2.[100,1010,148,980]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphometric parameters measured in the secretory portions (secp), glandular pores (p), and spine-like projections (sp). (A) Width (blue line) and height (red line) of pointed spine in Proceratophrys avelinoi on SEM image. (B) Major (green line) and minor (orange line) diameter of stoma-like pore of syncytial gland (SG) in Odontophrynus lavillai (SEM image). (C) Major (green line) and minor (orange line) diameter of circular pore of the alveolar gland in O. americanus (SEM image). (D) Width (blue line) and height (red line) of secretory portion of SG in O. occidentalis (Mendoza). (MMT). Abbreviations: d, dermis; ep, epidermis; eps, epidermal surface. Scale bar: A = 15 μm; B = 10 μm; C = 5 μm; D = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318D25DC9D293701FE" box="[1344,1373,1740,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">9C</figureCitation>
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). The latter formed by an increase in the thickness of the
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318C85DCB929F301DB" bold="true" box="[1248,1433,1767,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum intermedium</emphasis>
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, with superficial highly keratinized cells of the
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318CD5DD52292E0037" bold="true" box="[1200,1348,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum corneum</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318D37DD5229F30037" box="[1362,1433,1795,1814]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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). This
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<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318B57DD4E2F1F0013" bold="true" box="[818,885,1823,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum</emphasis>
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||
reaches a size of 49.9–57.5 μm height and 57.2–60.3 μm width (
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<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFAA1D318B5FDD6A2F15006F" box="[826,895,1851,1870]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[100,150,150,166]" captionText="Table 1 Histological characteristics of the epidermis and dermis in species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Between the spines, it is possible to observe valleys where the glandular pores are located (
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<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318C24DD0628ED004B" box="[1089,1159,1879,1898]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBCC41EFFAA1D318B34DD2229A5009F" blockId="9.[818,1488,1488,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
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As for the dermis, the
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318C44DD2228A500A7" bold="true" box="[1057,1231,1907,1926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum compactum</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFAA1D318C98DD2229C600A7" bold="true" box="[1277,1452,1907,1926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">stratum spongiosum</emphasis>
|
||
are well defined and bound by the thin, discontinuous EK layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFAA1D318DE3DDDE29A60083" box="[1414,1484,1935,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFAA1D318B57DDFA2F1C009F" box="[818,886,1963,1982]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[100,150,150,166]" captionText="Table 1 Histological characteristics of the epidermis and dermis in species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The alveolar glands have a circular pore (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFAA1D318D60DDFA2923009F" box="[1285,1353,1963,1982]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[100,150,150,166]" captionText="Table 1 Histological characteristics of the epidermis and dermis in species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), a short duct-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBCC41EFFA91D328D72DD0829A5004B" blockId="10.[1303,1487,1881,1898]" box="[1303,1487,1881,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA91D328D72DD0829A5004B" bold="true" box="[1303,1487,1881,1898]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">(caption on next page)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C9496FFA81D338801DAC52CAD0651" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" startId="11.[100,130,148,165]" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBCC41EFFA81D338801DAC52CAD0651" blockId="11.[100,1488,148,370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338801DAC52CF50784" bold="true" box="[100,159,148,165]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Large syncytial glands (LSGs) in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFA81D338A47DAC52EF60784" authorityName="Reinhardt and Lutken" authorityYear="1862" box="[546,668,148,165]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Odontophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338A47DAC52EF60784" bold="true" box="[546,668,148,165]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Odontophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A)–(B) Arrangement of the LSGs in the protuberance. (A) SEM image. (B) LSGs with lipidic secretion. (SB). (C)–(D) LSGs partially packed. Noticed abundant connective tissue between secretory portions (secp). (C) Light microscopy image. (MMT). (D) SEM image. (E) Duct (dc) and neck (nk) of the LSG. Note the thickened neck. (H–E). Inset: Detail of the thickened neck with a small central opening. (H–E) (F) Duct and neck of the LSG without a thickened neck. (MMT). (G) Syncytium (sy) of the LSG and secretion under SEM. (H) Detail of the secretion: granules (g) immersed in a network secretion (ns), SEM. (I)–(J) Detail of two different types of LSGs of the same protuberance. Notice the difference in the morphology of the secretion, e.g., the size of the granules. (MMT). (K) LSGs with protein-rich secretion. (Coom). (L) LSG secretion with PAS-positive granules. (PAS). (A), (B), (E), (G)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFA81D338D5DDB4529C40605" box="[1336,1454,275,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Odontophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338D5DDB45292C0604" bold="true" box="[1336,1350,276,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338D34DB4229C40605" bold="true" box="[1361,1454,275,292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(La Rioja). (E) Inset
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFA81D338897DB7C2D02061F" box="[242,360,301,318]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Odontophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338897DB7C2D6A061F" bold="true" box="[242,256,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D33896EDB7C2D02061F" bold="true" box="[267,360,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mendoza). (C), (D), (F), (H)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFA81D338A0FDB7C2ECF061F" box="[618,677,301,318]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Odontophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338A0FDB7C2E12061F" bold="true" box="[618,632,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338AE6DB7C2ECF061F" bold="true" box="[643,677,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">reigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (I), (J)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFA81D338A8ADB7C2F09061F" box="[751,867,301,318]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Odontophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338A8ADB7C2E97061F" bold="true" box="[751,765,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338B6DDB7C2F09061F" bold="true" box="[776,867,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (K)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C03BF9DFFA81D338BF5DB7C2F99061F" box="[912,1011,301,318]" class="Amphibia" family="Odontophrynidae" genus="Odontophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338BF5DB7C2FF4061F" bold="true" box="[912,926,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338BCCDB7C2F99061F" bold="true" box="[937,1011,301,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">carvalhoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: d, dermis; ep, epidermis; k, keratinized epithelium layer; arrow, basophilic granules; arrowhead, myoepithelium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977180CFFA81D338AB4DB172E8A0676" box="[721,736,326,343]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">></emphasis>
|
||
, nuclei of the syncytium. Scale bar: A-B =100 μm; C-D, K =200 μm; E-G, I-J =20 μm; H, L = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBCC41EFFA81D338801DBF72EE505F1" blockId="11.[100,770,422,720]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
|
||
neck and a secretory epithelium with cylindrical cells surrounding a broad lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D338896DB932D2A06F4" box="[243,320,450,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cells possess secretory granules rich in neutral glycoconjugates and proteins (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFA81D3389ACDB8F2E6406D0" box="[457,526,478,497]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[100,150,271,287]" captionText="Table 2 Histological and histochemical characteristics of dermal glands in species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The syncytial glands are partially clustered with connective tissue between the secretory portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D338809D8472CDA0508" box="[108,176,534,553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). They have circular pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D3389D2D8472D910508" box="[439,507,534,553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFA81D338A61D8472E200508" box="[516,586,534,553]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="9.[100,150,150,166]" captionText="Table 4 Size and shape of the pores of dermal glands in studied species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) that communicate with the secretory portions through a duct-neck lined by a bistratified epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D3388BCD81C2D460540" box="[217,300,589,609]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[100,130,1830,1847]" captionTargetBox="[146,723,150,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-577@15.[145,725,148,1803]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Syncytial glands in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) Detail of the gland neck (nk). (MMT). (B) Morphology of the granules (g) and networklike secretion (ns) under SEM. (C) PAS-positive granules (g) and network-like secretion (ns). (PAS). (A), (C) P. brauni. (B) P. avelinoi. Abbreviations: secp, secretory portion; d, dermis; ep, epidermis. Scale bar: A-C = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375138/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The secretory portion consists of a broad acidophilic secretory syncytium with ovoid nuclei (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D338A73D8382E30055D" box="[534,602,617,636]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The secretion of these glands is characterised by an acidophilic network, and basophilic and acidophilic granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D338917D8F02DA90595" box="[370,451,673,692]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[100,130,1784,1801]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,173,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[236,1352,148,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Skin in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) External morphology of the skin showing the small protuberances that cover the body. Notice the postorbitalsupratympanic (pink-painted) and dorsal region (arrow). (B) Detail of the epidermis (ep) with its layers. (H–E). (C)–(E) Epidermal surface (eps) under SEM. Notice the pointed spines (sp) on the surface of the skin. (D) Detail of the spine. Notice the wide stratum corneum (StC) that covers the spine. (E) Circular pores can be observed between the spines (>). (F) Light microscopy image showing the arrangement of the syncytial glands (SGs) in the protuberance. (H–E). (G) Detail of the alveolar gland (AG). (A), (C), (D), (E) P. avelinoi. (B), (F), (G) P. brauni. Abbreviations: d, dermis; l, lumen of the alveolar gland; sep, secretory epithelium of the alveolar gland; sc, stratum compactum; ss, stratum spongiosum; StG, stratum germinativum; StI, stratum intermedium; arrowhead, EK layer. Scale bar: B, D, G =20 μm; C = 200 μm; E-F = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375135/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Figs. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D338A66D8F02E420595" box="[515,552,673,692]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[100,130,1830,1847]" captionTargetBox="[146,723,150,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-577@15.[145,725,148,1803]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Syncytial glands in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) Detail of the gland neck (nk). (MMT). (B) Morphology of the granules (g) and networklike secretion (ns) under SEM. (C) PAS-positive granules (g) and network-like secretion (ns). (PAS). (A), (C) P. brauni. (B) P. avelinoi. Abbreviations: secp, secretory portion; d, dermis; ep, epidermis. Scale bar: A-C = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375138/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with neutral glycoconjugates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1338D89BFFA81D3388B2D8EC2D4305F1" box="[215,297,701,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[100,130,1830,1847]" captionTargetBox="[146,723,150,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-577@15.[145,725,148,1803]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Syncytial glands in species of the genus Proceratophrys. (A) Detail of the gland neck (nk). (MMT). (B) Morphology of the granules (g) and networklike secretion (ns) under SEM. (C) PAS-positive granules (g) and network-like secretion (ns). (PAS). (A), (C) P. brauni. (B) P. avelinoi. Abbreviations: secp, secretory portion; d, dermis; ep, epidermis. Scale bar: A-C = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375138/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), lipids and proteins (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFA81D338992D8EC2E2C05F1" box="[503,582,701,720]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[100,150,271,287]" captionText="Table 2 Histological and histochemical characteristics of dermal glands in species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C681F1A5FFA81D338A13D8EC2EE805F1" box="[630,642,701,720]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[100,150,233,249]" captionText="Table 3 Histological and histochemical characteristics of syncytial glands in the protuberance of the postorbital-supratympanic region in species of the family Odontophrynidae." pageId="11" pageNumber="138">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |