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<document id="ED45D70D5C7E5F6648CE421D021B6482" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274145" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0fd51d2a-3961-4082-afd1-9eda6d431103" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274145" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459825285041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Triapitsyn, Serguei V." docDate="2008" docId="03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01716p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1716" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tachardiobius vladimiri S. Triapitsyn, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FF9FB478FF87E86B6A5DCF5CFFA59B13" masterDocTitle="A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="44" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698222145316" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="0EA8E274630D1703CE7EF6B93DE18FCD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A6A278EBC0B94DBF6A02E3E21BA3AAFC">
<mods:title id="2C4006AF7A64A8B0371CC274CFFB667E">A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4BDE40C1DD641DCCADB9AF95915A0975" type="personal">
<mods:role id="977875579A2F327E1585F67D0DB58036">
<mods:roleTerm id="7DB2D08FDFAFA04AF611FEEC6DCDBFC1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4CB3DD6052EAA2D3404CD79C925455A5">Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CF1FBB39C9ED7CEE0B4FC801B686AA1B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C2D778BDE42014A743A49121CAF2B05A" type="host">
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<mods:title id="BAABAD323CE9C11150468BE1C33D93AB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="71C7792D0AD8D15F4C46C68CEA9C48D7">
<mods:date id="F114B95F4D55A0AAE666D1C8DE6E6FC0">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="62DB96ECF5EACEF293B41C79601FC4D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1123071ACDCD7DE369B9A6E3F1696FC4">1716</mods:number>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="F45161653838402FB833C676B80B8A67">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D5E363075114CF39CD97578161E5532F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B86BBC509680788AF3CCFE606E12F210" type="GBIF-Dataset">0fd51d2a-3961-4082-afd1-9eda6d431103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="321C1562FFE78E95D2C78B1DA5980A3C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5B022F06E5ED1FEED51F5914CD5D0215" type="Zenodo-Dep">274145</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119356593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6CC00FF83E86C6ACAC931FC3799F1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection id="C3152E9DFF83E86F6ACAC931FE8B9DBC" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF83E86F6ACAC931FD149D94" blockId="4.[151,689,1645,1711]" box="[151,689,1645,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="D0F8CA7AFF83E86F6ACAC931FD149D94" bold="true" box="[151,689,1645,1671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF83E86F6ACAC931FD149D94" bold="true" box="[151,689,1645,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF83E86F6ACAC931FDC79D94" authority="S. Triapitsyn" authorityName="S. Triapitsyn" box="[151,610,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF83E86F6ACAC931FE1D9D94" bold="true" box="[151,440,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Tachardiobius vladimiri</emphasis>
S. Triapitsyn
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2481C7FFF83E86F6832C931FD149D94" box="[623,689,1645,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF83E86F6ACAC9C9FE8B9DBC" blockId="4.[151,689,1645,1711]" box="[151,302,1685,1711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="13346193FF83E86F6AC2C9C9FE819DBC" box="[159,292,1685,1711]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStart-1="FIGURES 16 – 18" captionStartId-0="6.[151,269,1234,1258]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,269,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox-0="[436,1178,192,1192]" captionTargetBox-1="[430,1154,739,1759]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[408,1180,150,1210]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[408,1180,724,1784]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 12 – 15. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings." captionText-1="FIGURES 16 – 18. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., male (paratypes). 16. Antenna. 17. Forewing. 18. Genitalia." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/274150/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Figs 12–18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3152E9DFF83E86F6ACAC9B9FC779CFC" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF83E86F6ACAC9B9FC779CFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1765,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF83E86F6ACAC9B9FEE99DEC" bold="true" box="[151,332,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF83E86F6ACAC9B9FF779DEC" box="[151,210,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF83E86F6B0BC9B9FE669DEC" box="[342,451,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female on slide [
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F68CCC9B9FD4E9DEC" box="[657,747,1765,1791]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">UCRC</collectionCode>
]:
<collectingCountry id="F3183D86FF83E86F68A3C9B9FC999DEC" box="[766,828,1765,1791]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
, California, Riverside Co., near Hemet,
<date id="FFB15BD6FF83E86F6F47C9B9FA329DEC" box="[1306,1431,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" value="1937-04-11">11.iv.1937</date>
, C.M. Dammers (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF83E86F6BD3C851FD879C35" box="[398,546,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF83E86F6BD3C851FD879C35" box="[398,546,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Tachardiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF83E86F6821C851FCA89C35" box="[636,781,1805,1830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Adenostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF83E86F6821C851FCA89C35" box="[636,781,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Adenostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.).
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF83E86F690FC851FC6C9C34" box="[850,969,1805,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F698BC851FBEC9C34" box="[982,1097,1805,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
on points [
<quantity id="4CF7D0F3FF83E86F6E8FC851FAA69C34" box="[1234,1283,1805,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F6F51C851FAFA9C34" box="[1292,1375,1805,1831]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">UCRC</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="4CF7D0F3FF83E86F6F30C851FA399C34" box="[1389,1436,1805,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F6ACAC869FF4A9C5C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,239,1845,1871]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">USNM</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="4CF7D0F3FF83E86F6AA1C869FE8F9C5C" box="[252,298,1845,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F6B6EC869FED09C5C" box="[307,373,1845,1871]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">ZISP</collectionCode>
],
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F6BD4C869FE549C5C" box="[393,497,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on slide [
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F683BC869FD1A9C5C" box="[614,703,1845,1871]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">UCRC</collectionCode>
], and
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F695BC869FCC49C5C" box="[774,865,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
on slides [
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F69BEC869FB9C9C5C" box="[995,1081,1845,1871]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">UCRC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F6E1BC869FB049C5C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1094,1185,1845,1871]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">USNM</collectionCode>
], with the same label data as
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF83E86F6AA9C801FEFB9C64" box="[244,350,1885,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F6B31C801FE1B9C64" box="[364,446,1885,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
on slide [
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F6865C801FD379C64" box="[568,658,1885,1911]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">UCRC</collectionCode>
]:
<collectingCountry id="F3183D86FF83E86F68FAC801FD409C64" box="[679,741,1885,1911]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
, California, Riverside Co., Indio Hills, Curtis Palms, collected
<date id="FFB15BD6FF83E86F6ABBC8D9FECD9C8C" box="[230,360,1925,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" value="1927-03-18">18.iii.1927</date>
, reared (emerged)
<date id="FFB15BD6FF83E86F6815C8D9FD1D9C8C" box="[584,696,1925,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" value="1927-04-06">6.iv.1927</date>
, H.J. Quayle (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF83E86F69CCC8D9FB269C8D" box="[913,1155,1925,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF83E86F69CCC8D9FB269C8D" box="[913,1155,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Tachardiella larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Also
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F6E83C8D9FAF49C8C" box="[1246,1361,1925,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F6FD0C8D9FF7E9CD4" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
on points and
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F6BCEC8F1FE419CD4" box="[403,484,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
on slide [
<collectionCode id="ED1EE5D3FF83E86F6803C8F1FD189CD4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[606,701,1965,1991]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">USNM</collectionCode>
]:
<collectingCountry id="F3183D86FF83E86F688FC8F1FCB59CD4" box="[722,784,1965,1991]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
, Arizona, Maricopa Co., Tempe,
<date id="FFB15BD6FF83E86F6EF9C8F1FA819CD4" box="[1188,1316,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" value="1921-03-12">12.iii.1921</date>
(except
<specimenCount id="9D09B69FFF83E86F6FD3C8F1FF429CFC" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
collected
<date id="FFB15BD6FF83E86F6B02C889FE7B9CFC" box="[351,478,2005,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" value="1921-04-12">12.iv.1921</date>
), E.V. Walter (under Nos. 4814 and 4815).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF702D9EFF82E86E6ACACBB6FA369E12" box="[151,1427,1258,1282]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274148/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[425,1178,190,1234]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF82E86E6ACACBB6FA369E12" blockId="5.[151,1427,1258,1282]" box="[151,1427,1258,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6ACACBB6FEEA9E11" bold="true" box="[151,335,1258,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 9–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6B08CBB6FDF59E12" box="[341,592,1258,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6B08CBB6FDF59E12" box="[341,592,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Tachardiobius silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female (holotype). 9. Antenna. 10. Mesosoma and metasoma. 11. Forewings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3152E9DFF82E86E6A9BCA73FC3D9CE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF82E86E6A9BCA73FC3D9CE1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1327,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6A9BCA73FEE39E5A" bold="true" box="[198,326,1327,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new taxon differs from the other two known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6E51CA6CFB169E5A" box="[1036,1203,1328,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6E51CA6CFB169E5A" box="[1036,1203,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Tachardiobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having F3–F5 of the female antenna wider than long and F5 and F6 of the female antenna notably lighter than the preceding funicle segments. In both
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6B95CADCFDF19E8A" box="[456,596,1408,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6B95CADCFDF19E8A" box="[456,596,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E68D0CADCFCB59E8A" box="[653,784,1408,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E68D0CADCFCB59E8A" box="[653,784,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, F3–F5 of the female antenna are longer than wide and F5 and F6 of the female antenna are concolorous with the preceding funicle segments. It also has a 3–segmented maxillary palpus whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6874CA8CFD109EFA" box="[553,693,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6874CA8CFD109EFA" box="[553,693,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a 4–segmented maxillary palpus. Other distinguishing features between the three described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E68F6CAA4FCF79D02" box="[683,850,1528,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E68F6CAA4FCF79D02" box="[683,850,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Tachardiobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indicated in the key.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6EDDCAA4FA399D02" box="[1152,1436,1528,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6EDDCAA4FA399D02" box="[1152,1436,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Tachardiobius vladimiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2481C7FFF82E86E6ACAC943FF7C9D2A" box="[151,217,1567,1593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6ACAC943FF7C9D2A" bold="true" box="[151,217,1567,1593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
could potentially be placed in the very large and diverse genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6995C97CFB169D2A" authority="Mercet" authorityName="Mercet" box="[968,1203,1567,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6995C97CFBF09D2A" box="[968,1109,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
Mercet
</taxonomicName>
, as most of its funicle segments are wider than long, similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6951C914FC3F9D72" box="[780,922,1608,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6951C914FC3F9D72" box="[780,922,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. However, unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6E84C914FAC29D72" box="[1241,1383,1608,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6E84C914FAC29D72" box="[1241,1383,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species has very deep scrobal grooves and a well-developed interantennal prominence which, although not as narrow and sharp as in the two previously described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6997C9C4FBD49DA2" box="[970,1137,1688,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6997C9C4FBD49DA2" box="[970,1137,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Tachardiobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is still notably narrowed dorsally (as a narrow triangle). Also, the scape of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E68A5C99CFC279DCA" box="[760,898,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E68A5C99CFC279DCA" box="[760,898,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. vladimiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to the non-dilated scape of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6FDBC99CFEA39C12" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6FDBC99CFEA39C12" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6B62C9B4FE649C12" box="[319,449,1768,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6B62C9B4FE649C12" box="[319,449,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is nothing like the markedly dilated scape of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6E68C9B4FB679C12" box="[1077,1218,1768,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6E68C9B4FB679C12" box="[1077,1218,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The male of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6AEAC84CFEE59C3A" box="[183,320,1808,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6AEAC84CFEE59C3A" box="[183,320,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. vladimiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the secretary pores in the vicinity of the torulus that are characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6F53C84CFA399C3A" box="[1294,1436,1808,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6F53C84CFA399C3A" box="[1294,1436,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Additionally, if this species were placed in the presently unmanageable (in the Nearctic region) genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6ACAC83CFE819C6A" box="[151,292,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6ACAC83CFE819C6A" box="[151,292,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it would be lost there and almost impossible to diagnose. In the future, the phylogenetic position of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6AE4C8D4FEC59CB2" box="[185,352,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6AE4C8D4FEC59CB2" box="[185,352,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Tachardiobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needs to redefined based on rigorous molecular and morphological analyses (its relationships to
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6AA3C8ECFE299CDA" box="[254,396,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6AA3C8ECFE299CDA" box="[254,396,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Metaphycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other genera are unclear), before the proper placement for
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6ECDC8ECFABE9CDA" box="[1168,1307,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6ECDC8ECFABE9CDA" box="[1168,1307,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">T. vladimiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and quite possibly for the other species of
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF82E86E6849C884FD679CE2" box="[532,706,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF82E86E6849C884FD1B9CE2" box="[532,702,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tachardiobius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
could be decided.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF702D9EFF81E86D6ACACB8EFDDA9E1F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[436,1178,192,1192]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF81E86D6ACACB8EFDDA9E1F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1234,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF81E86D6ACACB8EFEFB9FF9" bold="true" box="[151,350,1234,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 12–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF81E86D6B39CB8EFDC19FFA" box="[356,612,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Tachardiobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF81E86D6B39CB8EFDC19FFA" box="[356,612,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Tachardiobius vladimiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2481C7FFF81E86D6836CB8EFD029FF9" box="[619,679,1234,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF81E86D6836CB8EFD029FF9" bold="true" box="[619,679,1234,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3152E9DFF81E86C6A9BCA63FC1B9979" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF81E86D6A9BCA63FB119E91" blockId="6.[151,1437,1343,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF81E86D6A9BCA63FEDF9E4A" bold="true" box="[198,378,1343,1369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Description. F</emphasis>
EMALE (
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF81E86D6BADCA1CFDFD9E49" box="[496,600,1344,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF81E86D68C8CA1CFCAE9E49" box="[661,779,1344,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Length of dry specimens 0.86–1.00 mm (heads of all specimens badly collapsed); length of mesosoma and metasoma of the
<typeStatus id="54B4C3B4FF81E86D698BCA34FB999E91" box="[982,1084,1384,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CF7D0F3FF81E86D6E19CA34FB149E91" box="[1092,1201,1384,1410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.12">1.12 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF81E86D6A9BCACCFE3D9D31" blockId="6.[151,1437,1343,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Color. Body and appendages mostly brown to dark brown, with the following parts light brown: face (partially), F5 and F6, mesopleura (partially), metanotum, propodeum (partially), trochanters, bases and apices of femora and tibiae (usually), and tarsi (distal tarsomere slightly darker). Vertex sometimes with a partially light brown or orange spot.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF81E86D6A9BC96CFDB79D89" blockId="6.[151,1437,1343,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Sculpture and pubescence. Frontovertex, pronotum, axilla, mesoscutum, and scutellum with fine reticulate-cellulate sculpture; gastral sterna and first gastral tergum with cellulate sculpture. Mesosoma, axilla, and scutellum with short, dark setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF81E86D6A9BC9F4FC449C01" blockId="6.[151,1437,1343,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
Head (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF81E86D6B48C9F4FEC99DD1" box="[277,364,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[436,1178,192,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[408,1180,150,1210]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
, badly collapsed in all specimens) about as high as wide. Vertex in frontal view about 1/3 head width. Antennal scrobes as deep grooves meeting above and interantennal prominence as a narrow triangle. Palpal formula 3: 3. Mandible with 2 teeth and an inner truncation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF81E86D6A9BC87CFBBA9CC9" blockId="6.[151,1437,1343,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF81E86D6B60C87CFE319C29" box="[317,404,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[436,1178,192,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[408,1180,150,1210]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) inserted distinctly below level of lower eye margin. Scape with reticulate sculpture, about 3.8 x as long as wide. Pedicel lightly sculptured, about 2.3 x as long as wide, much longer than any funicle segment. F1 about as long as wide, F2–F6 notably wider than long; F2–F4 subequal, much smaller than following funicle segments; F6 a little wider and longer than F5. Clava 1.8–2.4 x as long as its greatest width and about as long as combined length of 4 preceding funicle segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCFC4FCE19BC9" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF80E86C6B0BCFC4FE0B9BA1" box="[342,430,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[436,1178,192,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[408,1180,150,1210]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Pronotum very short. Mesoscutum a little less than
<date id="FFB15BD6FF80E86C6E6ECFC4FBFD9BA1" box="[1075,1112,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">2 x</date>
as wide as long. Scutellum about as long as wide and a little longer than mesoscutum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCFB4FA919A39" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
Wings (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF80E86C6B7FCFB4FED39A11" box="[290,374,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[436,1178,192,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[408,1180,150,1210]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) reaching far beyond apex of gaster. Forewing about 2.4 x as long as wide, with disc hyaline; costal cell about
<date id="FFB15BD6FF80E86C6BC5CE4CFE6F9A39" box="[408,458,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" value="1911-10">11 x</date>
as long as wide.
<collectingCountry id="F3183D86FF80E86C68CECE4CFD6B9A39" box="[659,718,272,298]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing about 4.9 x as long as wide, with disc hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCE64FCCC9A41" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" box="[198,873,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Legs. Mesotibial spur a little shorter than mesobasitarsus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCE3CFE3E9AB1" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF80E86C6B08CE3CFE179A69" box="[341,434,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[436,1178,192,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[408,1180,150,1210]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., female (holotype). 12. Antenna. 13. Head (rear view). 14. Mesosoma, metasoma, and legs. 15. Fore and hind wings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274149/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor about 3/5 length of gaster, not exserted; ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio 1.0–1.1:1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCEECFC1B9979" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
MALE. Similar to female except as follows. Body length
<quantity id="4CF7D0F3FF80E86C692FCEECFB849AD9" box="[882,1057,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.6">0.60–1.10 mm</quantity>
. Vicinity of torulus without secretary pores. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF80E86C6BFBCE84FE5E9AE1" box="[422,507,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[430,1154,739,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[408,1180,724,1784]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 18. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., male (paratypes). 16. Antenna. 17. Forewing. 18. Genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) with scape reticulate, about 3.7 x as long as wide; setae on flagellar segments rather short; funicle segments wider than long and all but F1 with longitudinal sensilla; clava entire, 2.8–3.2 x as long as wide. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF80E86C6B83CD74FD969951" box="[478,563,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[430,1154,739,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[408,1180,724,1784]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 18. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., male (paratypes). 16. Antenna. 17. Forewing. 18. Genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) about 2.4 x as long as wide, with disc slightly infuscate at apex of venation. Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13346193FF80E86C6B13CD0CFE069979" box="[334,419,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[430,1154,739,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[408,1180,724,1784]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 18. Tachardiobius vladimiri sp. n., male (paratypes). 16. Antenna. 17. Forewing. 18. Genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) with 2 inconspicuous spines on each digitus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3152E9DFF80E86C6A9BCD2BFC3799F1" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCD2BFBE499A9" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF80E86C6A9BCD2BFEF69982" bold="true" box="[198,339,631,657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after my father, Vladimir Alexandrovich Trjapitzin, who has studied
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF80E86C6ACACDFCFEB399A9" box="[151,278,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
for more than 50 years, and from whom I learned about these wasps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB07D16FF80E86C6A9BCD9BFC3799F1" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,738]" box="[198,914,711,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF80E86C6A9BCD9BFEB699F2" bold="true" box="[198,275,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF80E86C6B46CD94FD3899F1" authority="Comstock" authorityName="Comstock" box="[283,669,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF80E86C6B46CD94FDAE99F2" box="[283,523,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Tachardiella larreae</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0F0695FF80E86C6888CD94FCCC99F2" box="[725,873,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BA104FF80E86C6888CD94FCCC99F2" box="[725,873,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">Tachardiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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