978 lines
107 KiB
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978 lines
107 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9C51EDE60CC5F5BC21AFA354C7DA349C">Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B8CD78AF85B9370ED5195472174E316">Halley, Maưhew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79E76712C3CF024FD04D1D3088F8A4D2">Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19104</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C13525E6CBB5410414258D4D71489052">Catanach, Therese A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7BD2AEF1F476B9CE591FDBEA0A70CF20">Ornithology Department, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19103</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7693418372F8204FCB63460C4B063056">Klicka, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B400B2274D62CE391B03F93C5DDB707">Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seaưle, Washington, USA, 98105</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1CAE36AE5B5B9A3995CB1EE27D0FB587">Weckstein, Jason D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C83B37BBCF09399D5A8BFF7FF3AB91B4">Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19104 & Ornithology Department, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19103</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="790A11250F78D5C84921EBD7F7B7C9ED">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8328705" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212969832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8328705" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC3B05948A52279FA64" box="[267,639,1458,1485]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B05948A52279FA64" blockId="27.[267,639,1458,1485]" box="[267,639,1458,1485]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<heading id="D0FE81A28361FFC3B05948A52279FA64" bold="true" box="[267,639,1458,1485]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B05948A52279FA64" authority="Wetmore 1955" authorityName="Wetmore" authorityYear="1955" box="[267,639,1458,1485]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B05948A52279FA64" bold="true" box="[267,639,1458,1485]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B05948A521DAFA64" bold="true" box="[267,476,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus opertaneus</emphasis>
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Wetmore 1955
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC3B07948FF2259F9AB" box="[299,607,1512,1538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B07948FF2259F9AB" blockId="27.[299,607,1512,1538]" box="[299,607,1512,1538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B07948FF2259F9AB" bold="true" box="[299,607,1512,1538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8361FFC3B07948FF2190F9AB" box="[299,406,1512,1538]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
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nightingale-thrush
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC3B0204B09221EF991" box="[370,536,1566,1592]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B0204B09221EF991" blockId="27.[370,536,1566,1592]" box="[370,536,1566,1592]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B0204B09221EF991" bold="true" box="[370,536,1566,1592]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13322A4B8361FFC3B02E4B0921CEF991" box="[380,456,1566,1592]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[257,1346,156,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-75@23.[247,1356,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Ventral and dorsal views of the adult male plumages in C. b. berlepschi, C. b. caniceps, C. o.tenebris ssp. nov., C. b. nebulus ssp.nov., and C. mentalis. Photograph by M.R.H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326332/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13322A4B8361FFC3B0804B092216F991" box="[466,528,1566,1592]" captionStart-0="Figure 16" captionStart-1="Figure 17" captionStart-2="Figure 18" captionStart-3="Figure 19" captionStartId-0="24.[113,178,1708,1732]" captionStartId-1="25.[129,194,909,933]" captionStartId-2="25.[129,194,1954,1978]" captionStartId-3="27.[825,890,733,757]" captionTargetBox-0="[285,1290,156,1680]" captionTargetBox-1="[149,757,345,881]" captionTargetBox-2="[283,1360,1042,1926]" captionTargetBox-3="[846,1454,166,705]" captionTargetId-0="figure-124@24.[282,1290,144,1680]" captionTargetId-1="figure-247@25.[149,757,320,881]" captionTargetId-2="figure-265@25.[241,1361,1022,1926]" captionTargetId-3="figure-830@27.[846,1454,144,705]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionTargetPageId-3="27" captionText-0="Figure 16. Ventral and dorsal views of the adult female plumages in C. b. berlepschi, C. b. caniceps, C. o.tenebris ssp. nov., C. b. nebulus ssp.nov., and C. mentalis. Photograph by M.R.H." captionText-1="Figure 17. Side view of adult plumages in C. b. nebulus ssp. nov. Photograph by M.R.H." captionText-2="Figure 18. Ventral and dorsal views of juvenile plumages in C. hellmayri, C. b. nebulus ssp.nov., and C. b. berlepschi. Photograph by M.R.H." captionText-3="Figure 19. Side view of adult plumages in C. o. tenebris ssp.nov. Photograph by M.R.H." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326334" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326336" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326338" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326340" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8326334/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8326336/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8326338/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8326340/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">16 19</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC3B1DD4B7325C4FC74" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B1DD4B73216CF950" blockId="27.[143,778,1636,1973]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911E08361FFC3B1DD4B73216CF950" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B1DD4B732299F9D5" ID-CoL="5G9MC" authority="Wetmore 1955: 46" authorityName="Wetmore" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1955" box="[143,671,1636,1660]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscater" subSpecies="opertaneus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B1DD4B7321BDF9D5" box="[143,443,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus fuscater opertaneus</emphasis>
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Wetmore 1955: 46
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B3E04B73211FF935" author="Deignan HG" page="430" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B3E04B73211FF935" author="Deignan HG" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref30347" refString="Deignan HG. Type Specimens of Birds in the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin 221. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1961." type="book" year="1961">Deignan 1961: 430</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Meyer de Schauensee 1964: 317;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B3F04B942159F912" author="Hilty SL & Brown WL" page="543" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B3F04B942159F912" author="Hilty SL & Brown WL" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref31646" refString="Hilty SL, Brown WL. A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986." type="book" year="1986">Hilty and Brown 1986: 543</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B0384BB522A3F912" author="Fjeldsa J & Krabbe N" box="[362,677,1698,1723]" page="554" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B0384BB522A3F912" author="Fjeldsa J & Krabbe N" box="[362,677,1698,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref30694" refString="Fjeldsa J, Krabbe N. Birds of the High Andes. Svendborg, Denmark: Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, and Apollo Books, 1990." type="book" year="1990">Fjeldså and Krabbe 1990: 554</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B3E24BB42114F973" author="Clement P" page="299" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B3E24BB42114F973" author="Clement P" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref30112" refString="Clement P. Thrushes. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000." type="book" year="2000">Clement 2000: 299</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B04E4BD521CAF973" author="Collar NJ" box="[284,460,1730,1754]" page="700" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B04E4BD521CAF973" author="Collar NJ" box="[284,460,1730,1754]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref30149" refString="Collar NJ. Family Turdidae (Thrushes). In del Hoyo J, Elliou A, Christie DA, (eds). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes, pp. 514 - 807. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 2005." type="book" year="2005">Collar 2005: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B0844BD522BFF973" author="Acevedo-Charry OA" box="[470,697,1730,1754]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="29 - 41" refId="ref29049" refString="Acevedo-Charry OA. Aves de ºuindicocha - Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo - Colombia: Potencial area de conservacion. Universitas Scientiarum 2014; 19: 29 - 41." type="journal article" year="2014">Acevedo-Charry 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B3944BD520DDF950" author="Halley MR" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref31093" refString="Halley MR. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater), version 1.0. In: Schulenberg TS, ed. Birds of the World. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 2020. hups: // doi. org / 10.2173 / bow. sbnthr 1.01" type="book" year="2020">Halley 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B1BA4BF62162F950" author="Halley MR" box="[232,356,1761,1785]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref31140" refString="Halley MR. Integrative systematics and evolution of seasonal migration in the nightingale-thrushes (Aves: Turdidae: Catharus). Ph. D. Thesis, Drexel University, Proºuest Dissertations Publishing. 2021." type="book" year="2021">Halley 2021</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B1DD4A162221F81C" blockId="27.[143,778,1636,1973]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B1DD4A162298F8B0" ID-CoL="69G37" authority="Meyer de Schauensee 1966: 412" authorityName="Meyer de Schauensee" authorityPageNumber="412" authorityYear="1966" box="[143,670,1793,1817]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscater">
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<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B1DD4A162138F8B0" box="[143,318,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus fuscater</emphasis>
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Meyer de Schauensee 1966: 412
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(in part); Meyer de Schauensee 1970: 342 (in part);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B30F4A3720DDF8FE" author="Hilty SL & Brown WL" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref31646" refString="Hilty SL, Brown WL. A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986." type="book" year="1986">Hilty and Brown 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part); Ridgley and Tudor 1989: 110 (in part);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B1F54A4821AEF8DE" author="Beltran W & Kauan G" box="[167,424,1887,1911]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="134 - 9" refId="ref29451" refString="Beltran W, Kauan G. First record of the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush in the Central Andes of Colombia, with notes on its ecology and geographical variation. Wilson Bulletin 2001; 113: 134 - 9." type="journal article" year="2001">Beltrán and Kattan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B0E54A482273F8DE" author="Krabbe N & Florez P & Suarez G" box="[439,629,1887,1911]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref31924" refString="Krabbe N, Florez P, Suarez G, et al. The birds of Paramo de Frontino, western Andes of Colombia. Ornitologia Colombiana 2006; 4: 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Krabbe
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B3584A48223DF8DE" box="[522,571,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B3D64A4820DDF83F" author="Cuervo AM & Pulgarin PC & Calderon D" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="526 - 37" refId="ref30279" refString="Cuervo AM, Pulgarin PC, Calderon D. New distributional bird data from the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes, with implications for the biogeography of north-western South America. The Condor 2008; 110: 526 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cuervo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B38B4A48230CF8DE" box="[729,778,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Molina Martinez 2014;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B08D4A6922A0F83F" author="Greeney HF & Dyrcz A & Mikusek R" box="[479,678,1918,1942]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="323 - 5" refId="ref30977" refString="Greeney HF, Dyrcz A, Mikusek R, et al. Cooperative breeding at a nest of Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrushes (Catharus fuscater). Wilson Journal of Ornithology 2015; 127: 323 - 5." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Greeney
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B36F4A68226AF83F" box="[573,620,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B3E64A6920FEF81C" author="Dyrcz A & Port J & Mikusek R & Greeney HF" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="117 - 23" refId="ref30536" refString="Dyrcz A, Port J, Mikusek R, Greeney HF. Parental care of nestlings in the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater) in eastern Ecuador. Ornitologia Neotropical 2015; 26: 117 - 23." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Dyrcz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B3AA4A6820C6F81C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Remsen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B00F4A89218AF81C" box="[349,396,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023 (in part).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B21A4E462453FC21" blockId="27.[840,1474,849,904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911E08361FFC3B21A4E462453FC21" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B21A4E462598FCC0" ID-CoL="5G9M8" authority="Ridgley and Greenfield 2001: 660" authorityName="Ridgley and Greenfield" authorityPageNumber="660" authorityYear="2001" box="[840,1438,849,873]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscater" subSpecies="fuscater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B21A4E462445FCC0" box="[840,1091,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus fuscater fuscater</emphasis>
|
||
Ridgley and Greenfield 2001: 660
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B2F24E672457FC21" author="LeCroy M" box="[928,1105,880,904]" page="38" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B2F24E672457FC21" author="LeCroy M" box="[928,1105,880,904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32207" refString="LeCroy M. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 6, Passeriformes: Prunellidae, Turdidae, Orthonychidae, Timaliidae, Paradoxornithidae, Picathartidae, and Polioptilidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005; 292: 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="2005">LeCroy 2005: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B2074ED325C4FC74" blockId="27.[853,1474,964,989]" box="[853,1474,964,989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B2074ED324C0FC74" bold="true" box="[853,1222,964,989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B2074ED32476FC75" authority="Halley & Catanach & Klicka & Weckstein, 2023" authorityName="Halley & Catanach & Klicka & Weckstein" authorityYear="2023" box="[853,1136,964,988]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="opertaneus" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="tenebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B2074ED32476FC75" bold="true" box="[853,1136,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus opertaneus tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57A78361FFC3B5214ED224C0FC74" box="[1139,1222,965,989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(formerly Undescribed 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC3B2074EE623F3FB80" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B2074EE623F3FB80" blockId="27.[825,1475,1009,1253]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<uri id="FF983ACC8361FFC3B2074EE623F7FB80" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid id="FFAF0C1B8361FFC3B53E4EE623F7FB80" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">B1F7F134-2EB8-4FB9-A1EB-31E2CC7AB4D7</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC3B21A4927248FFB4C" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B21A492723C7FBC1" blockId="27.[825,1475,1009,1253]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B21A492724D9FBE1" ID-CoL="69G37" authority="Parker et al. 1985: 192" authorityName="Parker" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1985" box="[840,1247,1072,1096]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B21A492723F2FBE1" box="[840,1012,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus fuscater</emphasis>
|
||
Parker
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B51049262474FBE1" box="[1090,1138,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1985: 192
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
196; Rasmussen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B4C1492625C5FBE1" box="[1427,1475,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996: 40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B21A49782513FB2E" blockId="27.[825,1475,1009,1253]" box="[840,1301,1135,1159]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911E08361FFC3B21A49782513FB2E" box="[840,1301,1135,1159]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810DF8361FFC3B21A49782516FB2E" author="Clement P" box="[840,1296,1135,1159]" page="299" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" year="2000">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B21A49782516FB2E" ID-CoL="5G9M8" authority="Clement 2000: 299" authorityName="Clement" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="2000" box="[840,1296,1135,1159]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscater" subSpecies="fuscater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B21A49782445FB2E" box="[840,1091,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus fuscater fuscater</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B51A49782516FB2E" author="Clement P" box="[1096,1296,1135,1159]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref30112" refString="Clement P. Thrushes. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000." type="book" year="2000">Clement 2000: 299</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B21A49992446FB6C" blockId="27.[825,1475,1009,1253]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B21A4999250EFB0F" ID-CoL="5G9M7" authority="M. B. Robbins" authorityName="M. B. Robbins" box="[840,1288,1166,1190]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscater" subSpecies="caniceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B21A49992458FB0F" box="[840,1118,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus fuscater caniceps</emphasis>
|
||
M.B. Robbins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Ridgley and Greenfield 2001: 660.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B21A49DA248FFB4C" blockId="27.[825,1475,1009,1253]" box="[840,1161,1229,1253]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
‘Unnamed-2’
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B28149DA2483FB4C" author="Halley MR" box="[979,1157,1229,1253]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref31140" refString="Halley MR. Integrative systematics and evolution of seasonal migration in the nightingale-thrushes (Aves: Turdidae: Catharus). Ph. D. Thesis, Drexel University, Proºuest Dissertations Publishing. 2021." type="book" year="2021">Halley 2021: 133</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458361FFC4B56F481E20BAFD96" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B56F481E24B9FA8B" blockId="27.[825,1474,1288,1977]" box="[1085,1215,1288,1314]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B56F481E24B9FA8B" box="[1085,1215,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8361FFC3B56F481E246DFA8B" box="[1085,1131,1289,1314]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC3B26B48392372F9E8" blockId="27.[825,1474,1288,1977]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B26B4839241AFAEF" authority=": USNM" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[825,1052,1326,1350]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B26B4839241AFAEF" box="[825,1052,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938361FFC3B5794839240FFA4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001339" collectingDate="1950-06-10" collectorName="M. A. Carriker Jr. & Haciendo Potreros'" country="Colombia" elevation="1981" location="Rio Herradura" municipality="Frontino'" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
USNM 427029 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8361FFC3B58948392539FAEF" box="[1243,1343,1326,1350]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), study skin, adult male, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B57C485924DCFACC" box="[1070,1242,1357,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">M.A. Carriker Jr.</collectorName>
|
||
at ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B5A8485A25C4FACF" box="[1274,1474,1357,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Haciendo Potreros’</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8361FFC3B213487A2393FA2D" box="[833,917,1389,1413]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9809999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="1981.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0024D1FD8361FFC3B213487A2393FA2D" box="[833,917,1389,1413]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9809999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="1981.0">1981 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elev.), ‘on the
|
||
<location id="8ED660158361FFC3B563487A24CCFA2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158361FFC3B563487A24CCFA2C" box="[1073,1226,1389,1413]" country="Colombia" municipality="Frontino'" name="Rio Herradura" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Antioquia">Río Herradura</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8361FFC3B584487A2529FA2C" box="[1238,1327,1389,1413]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 miles</quantity>
|
||
south-west of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48361FFC3B26B489B239EFA0D" box="[825,920,1420,1444]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Frontino’</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8361FFC3B2F1489B240AFA0D" box="[931,1036,1420,1444]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8361FFC3B544489B247BFA0D" box="[1046,1149,1420,1444]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(approximately 6.39°, –76.09°; see: Paynter 1997: 190) on
|
||
<date id="FFB7100E8361FFC3B52048BB2500FA6A" box="[1138,1286,1451,1476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="1950-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF3E9E68361FFC3B52048BB2500FA6A" box="[1138,1286,1451,1476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="1950-06-10">10 June 1950</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Wetmore 1955,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8361FFC3B26B48DC2407FA4A" author="Deignan HG" box="[825,1025,1483,1507]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" refId="ref30347" refString="Deignan HG. Type Specimens of Birds in the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin 221. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1961." type="book" year="1961">Deignan 1961: 430</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938361FFC3B54248DC2369F988" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001448" collectingDate="1951-09-14" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Carriker" country="Colombia" location="Rio Urrao" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="USNM 436771" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58361FFC3B54248DC24A8FA4A" box="[1040,1198,1483,1507]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">USNM 436771</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8361FFC3B5E848DC251AFA4A" box="[1210,1308,1483,1507]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), study skin, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B2CA48FD23E8F9AB" box="[920,1006,1514,1538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Carriker</collectorName>
|
||
on the
|
||
<location id="8ED660158361FFC3B56548FD249BF9AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158361FFC3B56548FD249BF9AB" box="[1079,1181,1514,1538]" country="Colombia" name="Rio Urrao" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Antioquia">Río Urrao</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8361FFC3B5F748FD2508F9AB" box="[1189,1294,1514,1538]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<date id="FFB7100E8361FFC3B46748FD2369F988" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="1951-09-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF3E9E68361FFC3B46748FD2369F988" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="1951-09-14">14 September 1951</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938361FFC3B22A4B1E2369F9E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001481" collectingDate="2013-10-23" collectionCode="R" country="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Both specimens were examined by M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE0B8361FFC3B5AA4B1D250AF988" box="[1272,1292,1546,1569]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.H. on
|
||
<date id="FFB7100E8361FFC3B41F4B1D2369F9E8" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="2013-10-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF3E9E68361FFC3B41F4B1D2369F9E8" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="2013-10-23">23 October 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8361FFC4B2074B5F20BAFD96" blockId="27.[825,1474,1288,1977]" lastBlockId="28.[113,763,144,575]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8361FFC3B2074B5F2423F9C9" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[853,1061,1608,1632]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8361FFC3B2074B5F2423F9C9" box="[853,1061,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Catharus o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938361FFC3B5F34B5F2531F954" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001489" collectingDate="1992-11-06" collectionCode="T, MBR, R, MECN" collectorName="J. Davis" country="Ecuador" county="San Andres" elevation="2250" location="Cordillera" municipality="Rio Isimanchi" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="ANSP 185734, KU 186025, ANSP 186025" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58361FFC3B5F34B5F253BF9C9" box="[1185,1341,1608,1632]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">ANSP 185734</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8361FFC3B4034B5F25B0F9C9" box="[1361,1462,1608,1632]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), study skin, adult female, collected and prepared by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE0B8361FFC3B4144B7F2551F9D6" box="[1350,1367,1640,1663]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B4084B7F25AEF9D6" box="[1370,1448,1639,1663]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">J. Davis</collectorName>
|
||
in humid montane forest on the eastern slope of
|
||
<location id="8ED660158361FFC3B44A4B902584F936" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158361FFC3B44A4B902584F936" box="[1304,1410,1671,1695]" country="Ecuador" county="San Andres" municipality="Rio Isimanchi" name="Cordillera" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Cordillera</location>
|
||
de las
|
||
<location id="8ED660158361FFC3B26B4BB123A0F917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158361FFC3B26B4BB123A0F917" box="[825,934,1702,1726]" country="Ecuador" county="San Andres" municipality="Rio Isimanchi" name="Lagunillas" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Lagunillas</location>
|
||
, north bank of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48361FFC3B56D4BB124D7F917" box="[1087,1233,1702,1726]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Río Isimanchi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8361FFC3B44B4BB1254AF917" box="[1305,1356,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
north-west of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D74E428361FFC3B2364BD123EDF974" box="[868,1003,1733,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">San Andrés</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8361FFC3B5564BD224CAF974" box="[1028,1228,1733,1757]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8361FFC3B5B44BD2253BF974" box="[1254,1341,1733,1757]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(–4.7833°, –79.3333°, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8361FFC3B2B54BF2243DF954" box="[999,1083,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="2250.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0024D1FD8361FFC3B2B54BF2243DF954" box="[999,1083,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), on
|
||
<date id="FFB7100E8361FFC3B5234BF22535F954" box="[1137,1331,1765,1789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="1992-11-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF3E9E68361FFC3B5234BF22535F954" box="[1137,1331,1765,1789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" value="1992-11-06">6 November 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B46C4BF22578F954" box="[1342,1406,1765,1789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">When</collectorName>
|
||
it was prepared, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8361FFC3B2974A132424F8B5" box="[965,1058,1796,1820]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
weighed
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8361FFC3B5D04A1324AAF8B4" box="[1154,1196,1796,1821]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="g" value="35.0">35 g</quantity>
|
||
with no bursa and an ovary that measured 8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8361FFC3B2AE4A34243DF892" box="[1020,1083,1827,1851]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B5164A342492F892" box="[1092,1172,1827,1851]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Neither</collectorName>
|
||
the ova nor the oviduct were enlarged, the skull was 50% pneumatized, and there were insect remains in the stomach.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B56E4A742454F8D3" box="[1084,1106,1891,1914]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">In</collectorName>
|
||
2022, the crown of
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58361FFC3B4784A7525C4F8D3" box="[1322,1474,1890,1914]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">ANSP 185734</specimenCode>
|
||
was slightly darker than
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B56B4A962477F830" box="[1081,1137,1921,1945]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Sepia</collectorName>
|
||
(219), transitioning to a darker version of
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B2E24AB62428F811" box="[944,1070,1953,1977]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">Hair Brown</collectorName>
|
||
(119A) on the back and rump.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188361FFC3B4C94AB625C4F810" box="[1435,1474,1953,1977]" pageId="27" pageNumber="255">The</collectorName>
|
||
undertail coverts were
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B0304D8721D5FF01" box="[354,467,144,168]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Dark Drab</collectorName>
|
||
(119B) and the flanks were darker and cooler than
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B0354DB8220BFF6E" box="[359,525,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Vandyke Brown</collectorName>
|
||
(121).
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B3324DB82281FF6E" box="[608,647,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">The</collectorName>
|
||
breast was
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B1234DD8215FFF4E" box="[113,345,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Greyish Horn Colour</collectorName>
|
||
(91) with faint vertical striations.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B3814DD822FCFF4E" box="[723,762,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">The</collectorName>
|
||
throat was
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B1B04DF92155FEAF" box="[226,339,238,262]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Drab-Grey</collectorName>
|
||
(119D), contrasting with the breast, and a dark brown line connected the malar regions across the chin.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B1234C3A2094FEED" box="[113,146,301,324]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">No</collectorName>
|
||
moult was noted.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B0194C3A216BFEEC" box="[331,365,301,325]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Iris</collectorName>
|
||
colour was recorded as ‘grey’ and there is a pencilled note by
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B0064C5B21E2FECD" box="[340,484,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">M.B. Robbins</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE0B8366FFC4B0A04C5B2232FECD" box="[498,564,332,356]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/v90a-kcmn" name="Museo Argention de Ciencias Naturales &quot;Bernardino Rivadavia&quot;" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">MBR</collectionCode>
|
||
): ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B31E4C5B20C7FE2A" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscater" subSpecies="caniceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B31E4C5B20C7FE2A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus fuscater caniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? 2 other adults at this locality [
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B35A4C7B2280FE2A" box="[520,646,363,387]" collectionCode="KU" country="USA" name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="University or college">KU 186025</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B3EB4C7C20C7FE0B" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ANSP 186025</specimenCode>
|
||
, both males] had greyish irides;
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B3474C9C224EFE0B" box="[533,584,395,418]" name="Bush MB" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">M.B.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE0B8366FFC4B31A4C9C225AFE0B" box="[584,604,395,418]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. ‘93. [and]
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8366FFC4B3804C9C22FCFE0A" box="[722,762,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE0B8366FFC4B1234CBD20B8FE6B" box="[113,190,426,450]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm44-by7m" name="Museo Ecuadoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">MECN</collectionCode>
|
||
[Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales], Quito’.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B1234CDE209EFE48" box="[113,152,457,481]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">The</collectorName>
|
||
maxilla was ‘black’ when the specimen was prepared, and it remains so (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68B03758366FFC4B1A24CFE213DFDA8" box="[240,315,489,513]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="13.[129,184,1058,1082]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 4. Taxonomic, sexual, and age-related variation in the extent of black on the maxilla, scored with five levels (see text) in a geographically broad sample of C. [fuscater] study skins (N = 295). The endpoints of the scale are no black (0) and completely black (4). Means (±SD) are shown for adults of each sex, and immatures (both sexes combined)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7666468377FFD5B1D349352306FBDB" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" tableUuid="DF7666468377FFD5B1D349352306FBDB">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B0004CFE217FFDA8" box="[338,377,489,513]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">The</collectorName>
|
||
mandible and gape were ‘dull orange’ in life, the eye-ring was ‘orange’, and the feet were ‘yellowish brown’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458366FFC4B0364F72211CFB31" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B0364F722201FDD6" blockId="28.[113,763,613,1177]" box="[356,519,613,639]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B0364F722201FDD6" box="[356,519,613,639]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B1234F9C21D1FB93" blockId="28.[113,763,613,1177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B1234F9C2148FD0A" authority=": In" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[113,334,651,675]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1234F9C2148FD0A" box="[113,334,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0264F9C21DBFD0A" box="[372,477,651,675]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurs on the western slope of the Western Andes near Frontino and Urrao (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3344FBC22D3FD6A" box="[614,725,683,707]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
), at 1980 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8366FFC4B18A4FDD212EFD48" box="[216,296,714,738]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="2730.0">2730 m</quantity>
|
||
, respectively (Wetmore 1955), in the Central Andes near the cities of Pereira (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B0B44FFE224AFCA8" box="[486,588,745,769]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and Manizales (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B12B4E1E20C2FC88" box="[121,196,777,801]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Caldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) between 2400 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8366FFC4B0C04E1E21E6FC89" box="[402,480,777,801]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B0A24E1E22EFFC88" author="Beltran W & Kauan G" box="[496,745,777,801]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="134 - 9" refId="ref29451" refString="Beltran W, Kauan G. First record of the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush in the Central Andes of Colombia, with notes on its ecology and geographical variation. Wilson Bulletin 2001; 113: 134 - 9." type="journal article" year="2001">Beltrán and Kattan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and at several other sites in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B0CE4E3F2205FCE9" box="[412,515,808,832]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3694E3F2286FCE9" box="[571,640,808,832]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Caldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B3C14E3F20C5FCF6" author="Cuervo AM & Pulgarin PC & Calderon D" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="526 - 37" refId="ref30279" refString="Cuervo AM, Pulgarin PC, Calderon D. New distributional bird data from the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes, with implications for the biogeography of north-western South America. The Condor 2008; 110: 526 - 37." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cuervo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B3BB4E3E208CFCF6" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B0504E50214CFCF6" box="[258,330,839,863]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Tolima</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Molina Martinez 2014). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B32B4E5022D6FCF6" box="[633,720,839,863]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurs at Yanyacu Biological Station near Cosanga,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3D34E70209AFC37" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Napo province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B1E34E91216AFC37" author="Dyrcz A & Port J & Mikusek R & Greeney HF" box="[177,364,902,926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="117 - 23" refId="ref30536" refString="Dyrcz A, Port J, Mikusek R, Greeney HF. Parental care of nestlings in the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater) in eastern Ecuador. Ornitologia Neotropical 2015; 26: 117 - 23." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Dyrcz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1A84E902128FC37" box="[250,302,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B02E4E912249FC37" author="Greeney HF & Dyrcz A & Mikusek R" box="[380,591,902,926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="323 - 5" refId="ref30977" refString="Greeney HF, Dyrcz A, Mikusek R, et al. Cooperative breeding at a nest of Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrushes (Catharus fuscater). Wilson Journal of Ornithology 2015; 127: 323 - 5." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Greeney
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B08C4E902214FC37" box="[478,530,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If intervening populations between north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0B44EB2223AFC14" box="[486,572,933,957]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B31E4EB222C2FC14" box="[588,708,933,957]" country="Ecuador" name="Sucumbios" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Sucumbios</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B1874ED2213AFC74" box="[213,316,965,989]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B0184ED221BEFC74" box="[330,440,965,989]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
) are of the same species, as we hypothesize, then
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B0654EF321D3FC55" box="[311,469,996,1020]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
collected by Carriker near Popayán,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B1844914211EFBB2" box="[214,280,1027,1051]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Cauca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0764914218BFBB2" box="[292,397,1027,1051]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in 1959 and 1960 are probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B3B6491320DCFB93" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B3B6491320DCFB93" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFVZ 16446, 16447).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B1DF4955211CFB31" blockId="28.[113,763,613,1177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B1DF49552148FBF3" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[141,334,1090,1114]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1DF49552148FBF3" box="[141,334,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.: Restricted to the Río Chinchipe watershed of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B00A4975218EFBD0" box="[344,392,1122,1145]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B31A49762299FBD0" box="[584,671,1121,1145]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south of the Río Zamora.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458366FFC4B06949D923F9FECD" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B06949D92236FB41" blockId="28.[315,560,1230,1256]" box="[315,560,1230,1256]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B06949D92236FB41" box="[315,560,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Adult specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B12349E22172FAC2" blockId="28.[113,763,1269,1575]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B12349E22150FAA5" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[113,342,1269,1293]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B12349E22150FAA5" box="[113,342,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B03849E2217BFAA5" box="[362,381,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2):
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B09049E22176FAC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001443" collectionCode="USNM" country="Colombia" county="Heda Potreros" location="Heda la Ilusion" municipality="Frontino" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="USNM 427029, USNM 436771" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B09049E2222FFAA4" box="[450,553,1269,1293]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B36E49E22249FAA5" box="[572,591,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3C149E222FCFAA4" box="[659,762,1269,1293]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B12B480320DDFA85" box="[121,219,1300,1324]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B1B448032158FA85" box="[230,350,1300,1324]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D74E428366FFC4B03D48032200FA82" box="[367,518,1300,1324]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Heda Potreros</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8366FFC4B3434803226FFA85" box="[529,617,1300,1324]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 miles</quantity>
|
||
south-west of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48366FFC4B123482420D6FAE2" box="[113,208,1331,1355]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Frontino</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B18E48242178FAE2" box="[220,382,1331,1355]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="Museum">USNM 427029</specimenCode>
|
||
(male);
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B0894824227BFAE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B0894824227BFAE2" box="[475,637,1331,1355]" country="Colombia" county="Heda Potreros" municipality="Frontino" name="Heda la Ilusion" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Antioquia">Heda la Ilusion</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B3DB482422F1FAE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B3DB482422F1FAE2" box="[649,759,1331,1355]" country="Colombia" county="Heda Potreros" municipality="Frontino" name="Rio Urrao" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Antioquia">Río Urrao</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B12348442116FAC2" box="[113,272,1363,1387]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="Museum">USNM 436771</specimenCode>
|
||
(female)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B1DF4865228DF98E" blockId="28.[113,763,1269,1575]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B1DF48652145FA23" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[141,323,1394,1418]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1DF48652145FA23" box="[141,323,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp.nov.(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B0F1486421B0FA23" box="[419,438,1395,1418]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4):
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B0A1486521FCFA60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001488" collectionCode="ANSP, LSUMZ" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera" location="San Andres" municipality="Lagunillas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ANSP 185734, LSUMZ 88629, LSUMZ 97810, LSUMZ 97809" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piura">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0A148652241FA23" box="[499,583,1394,1418]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B30648642261FA23" box="[596,615,1395,1418]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): Zamora-Chinchipe (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B1B548862158FA00" box="[231,350,1425,1449]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D74E428366FFC4B03C488621D5FA00" box="[366,467,1425,1449]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Cordillera</collectingCounty>
|
||
de las
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48366FFC4B34548862278FA00" box="[535,638,1425,1449]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Lagunillas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B2B8366FFC4B3DA488622BDFA00" box="[648,699,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
north of
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B1D948A62106FA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B1D948A62106FA60" box="[139,256,1457,1481]" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera" municipality="Lagunillas" name="San Andres" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Piura">San Andrés</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B05B48A6219CFA61" box="[265,410,1456,1481]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ANSP 185734</specimenCode>
|
||
(female).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B0AD48A62274FA41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001469" collectionCode="ANSP, LSUMZ" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera" location="San Andres" municipality="Lagunillas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ANSP 185734, LSUMZ 88629, LSUMZ 97810, LSUMZ 97809" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piura">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0AD48A62228FA61" box="[511,558,1457,1480]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B36C48A62257FA61" box="[574,593,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3C248A622C3FA60" box="[656,709,1457,1481]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B38348A620AAFA41" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B1E748C7212FFA41" box="[181,297,1488,1512]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
): Playón:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B0DA48C72224FA41" box="[392,546,1488,1512]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">LSUMZ 88629</specimenCode>
|
||
(male);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B32A48C7228DF9AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001476" collectionCode="ANSP, LSUMZ" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera" location="San Andres" municipality="Lagunillas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ANSP 185734, LSUMZ 88629, LSUMZ 97810, LSUMZ 97809" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piura">
|
||
‘Machete’, on the Zapalache-Carmen Trail:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B0CF48F8223FF9AE" box="[413,569,1519,1543]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">LSUMZ 97810</specimenCode>
|
||
(male);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B3C148F8228DF98E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001332" collectionCode="ANSP, LSUMZ" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera" location="San Andres" municipality="Lagunillas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ANSP 185734, LSUMZ 88629, LSUMZ 97810, LSUMZ 97809" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piura">
|
||
‘Batán’, on the Zapalache-Carmen Trail:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B0C04B18222DF98E" box="[402,555,1551,1575]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">LSUMZ 97809</specimenCode>
|
||
(female).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B0754B462242F9C3" blockId="28.[295,580,1616,1642]" box="[295,580,1616,1642]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B0754B462242F9C3" box="[295,580,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Immature specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B1234B60229AF907" blockId="28.[113,762,1655,1741]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B1234B602159F927" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[113,351,1655,1679]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1234B602159F927" box="[113,351,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B0254B60218CF927" box="[375,394,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1):
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B0814B60229FF907" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001374" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Ecuador" location="Puente del Rio" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="AMNH 180631" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Napo">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0814B60222FF926" box="[467,553,1655,1679]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B3134B602252F927" box="[577,596,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3CF4B6022D0F927" box="[669,726,1655,1678]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478366FFC4B3BF4B6020AFF907" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B1EB4B802156F907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B1EB4B802156F907" box="[185,336,1686,1710]" country="Ecuador" name="Puente del Rio" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Napo">Puente del Rio</location>
|
||
Quijos:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B0FA4B81224AF907" box="[424,588,1686,1710]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">AMNH 180631</specimenCode>
|
||
(male)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B1DF4BA22202F964" blockId="28.[113,762,1655,1741]" box="[141,516,1717,1741]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B1DF4BA2214BF964" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[141,333,1717,1741]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1DF4BA2214BF964" box="[141,333,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B0E44BA121CFF964" box="[438,457,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B06A4BE02232F8B8" blockId="28.[113,763,1783,2002]" box="[312,564,1783,1809]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B06A4BE02232F8B8" box="[312,564,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Audio recordings examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B1234A0A25AEFF4F" blockId="28.[113,763,1783,2002]" lastBlockId="28.[810,1460,144,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B1234A0A2149F89C" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[113,335,1821,1845]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B1234A0A2149F89C" box="[113,335,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Catharus o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B0324A092175F89C" box="[352,371,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 12):
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B0934A0A22A3F8FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001482" collectionCode="ML" country="Colombia" location="Reserva Natural Canon Del Rio Claro" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ML 101421201" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0934A0A222EF89C" box="[449,552,1821,1845]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B36A4A09224DF89C" box="[568,587,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 7):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3DE4A0A22F1F89C" box="[652,759,1821,1845]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B1234A2A21FEF8FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B1234A2A21FEF8FC" box="[113,504,1853,1877]" country="Colombia" name="Reserva Natural Canon Del Rio Claro" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Antioquia">Reserva Natural Cañón Del Río Claro</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B3524A2A22A3F8FC" box="[512,677,1853,1877]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 101421201</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B3FF4A2A20C5F83A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001433" collectionCode="ML" collectorName="Reserva Ecologica Rio Blanco" country="Colombia" location="Caldas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ML 101421201, 177887161" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B3FF4A2A22F1F8FC" box="[685,759,1853,1877]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Caldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B1234A4A21A3F8DD" box="[113,421,1884,1908]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Reserva Ecológica Río Blanco</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B0FF4A4A2256F8DD" box="[429,592,1884,1908]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 101421201</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B30A4A4B22C9F8DD" box="[600,719,1884,1908]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">177887161</specimenCode>
|
||
, XC 440235
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B19E4A6C21ABF81A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001415" collectionCode="ML" country="Colombia" location="Flora Otun" municipality="Santuario de Fauna" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ML 127271981" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Risaralda">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B19E4A6C2129F83A" box="[204,303,1915,1939]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48366FFC4B0654A6C21FDF83A" box="[311,507,1915,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Santuario de Fauna</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
y
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B3424A6C2284F83A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B3424A6C2284F83A" box="[528,642,1915,1939]" country="Colombia" municipality="Santuario de Fauna" name="Flora Otun" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Risaralda">Flora Otún</location>
|
||
Quimbaya:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B1234A8C211AF81A" box="[113,284,1947,1971]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 127271981</specimenCode>
|
||
, XC 102252
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B0EC4A8C2190F87B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001441" collectionCode="ML" collectorName="La Plata" country="Colombia" location="Canon del Combeima" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ML 345974171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tolima">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B0EC4A8C220DF81A" box="[446,523,1947,1971]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Tolima</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B3494A8C227EF81A" box="[539,632,1947,1971]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">La Plata</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B3DA4A8C20EEF87B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B3DA4A8C20EEF87B" country="Colombia" name="Canon del Combeima" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Tolima">Cañón del Combeima</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B1A04AAC2190F87B" box="[242,406,1978,2002]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 345974171</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B0CD4AAD237AFF4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001422" collectionCode="ML" collectorName="Cabanas San Isidro" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera Guacamayos" location="Volcan Sumaco" municipality="Unknown" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ML 133453931, ML 142031581" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Napo">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B0CD4AAD21F3F87B" box="[415,501,1978,2002]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B3554AAC221CF87B" box="[519,538,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B30F4AAC229CF87B" box="[605,666,1979,2002]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B3F14AAD23A6FF01" box="[675,928,144,2002]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Cabañas San Isidro</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B2E64D872463FF01" box="[948,1125,144,168]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 133453931</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D74E428366FFC4B52B4D87257FFF01" box="[1145,1401,144,168]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Cordillera Guacamayos</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B4DF4D8723A5FF6E" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 142031581</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48366FFC4B2F84DB82417FF6E" box="[938,1041,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Unknown</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
locality: XC 255039;
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B5B84DB8258CFF6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B5B84DB8258CFF6E" box="[1258,1418,175,199]" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera Guacamayos" municipality="Unknown" name="Volcan Sumaco" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Napo">Volcán Sumaco</location>
|
||
:XC 443582
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B2D74DD825A2FF4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001427" box="[901,1444,206,231]" collectorName="Lumbaqui" country="Ecuador" location="Gonzalo Pizarro" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sucumbios">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B2D74DD823FDFF4E" box="[901,1019,207,231]" country="Ecuador" name="Sucumbios" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Sucumbíos</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC53188366FFC4B5514DD82469FF4E" box="[1027,1135,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Lumbaquí</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B52A4DD82525FF4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B52A4DD82525FF4E" box="[1144,1315,207,231]" country="Ecuador" name="Gonzalo Pizarro" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sucumbios">Gonzalo Pizarro</location>
|
||
: XC 529000
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B2174DF923F9FECD" blockId="28.[810,1460,144,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2174DF92410FEAF" box="[837,1046,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2174DF923A6FEAF" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[837,928,238,262]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Catharus</taxonomicName>
|
||
o. tenebris
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938366FFC4B5714DF923FAFECD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001378" collectionCode="ML" country="Ecuador" location="Old Loja-Zamora Rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="ML 318532061" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
ssp. nov. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5CA4DF824ADFEAF" box="[1176,1195,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B5A74DF9254DFEAF" box="[1269,1355,238,262]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B4364DF82571FEAF" box="[1380,1399,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B2784C1A23F5FE8C" box="[810,1011,269,293]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8ED660158366FFC4B5514C1A24F2FE8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158366FFC4B5514C1A24F2FE8C" box="[1027,1268,269,293]" country="Ecuador" name="Old Loja-Zamora Rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Old Loja-Zamora Rd.</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAF9EB58366FFC4B4564C1925A9FE8C" box="[1284,1455,269,293]" collectionCode="ML" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ML 318532061</specimenCode>
|
||
; Parque Nacional Podocarpus: XC 460029; Reserva Tapichalaca: XC 250592, 250647
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458366FFC4B5124C9924A8F866" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B5124C99249BFE0E" blockId="28.[1088,1181,398,423]" box="[1088,1181,398,423]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5124C99249BFE0E" box="[1088,1181,398,423]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B2784CA3254BFC8C" blockId="28.[810,1460,436,805]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2784CA32384FE62" box="[810,898,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Genetics:</emphasis>
|
||
In the UCE tree, samples from the ranges of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B4D04CA32395FE42" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2784CC32395FE42" box="[810,915,468,491]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2974CC32447FE42" box="[965,1089,467,491]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. formed reciprocally monophyletic clades, and together they formed a clade that was sister to the clade consisting of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B57E4F0524BBFD83" box="[1068,1213,530,554]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B50C4F0524BBFD83" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1888" box="[1118,1213,530,554]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">berlepschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
+
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B58B4F052555FD83" box="[1241,1363,530,554]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. b. nebulus</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov.. In the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B23D4F2623A4FDE0" box="[879,930,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ND2</emphasis>
|
||
tree,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B28F4F25247DFDE0" box="[989,1147,562,585]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B5404F25247DFDE0" box="[1042,1147,562,585]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was sister to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B4624F262571FDE0" box="[1328,1399,561,585]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Darién</collectingRegion>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2674F4623AAFDC0" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1912" box="[821,940,593,617]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2674F4623AAFDC0" box="[821,940,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B29A4F462433FDC1" authority="Halley & Catanach & Klicka & Weckstein, 2023" authorityName="Halley & Catanach & Klicka & Weckstein" authorityYear="2023" box="[968,1077,593,616]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcanus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B29A4F462433FDC1" box="[968,1077,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. arcanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57A78366FFC4B5124F462490FDC0" box="[1088,1174,593,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), with an estimated divergence of 2.5 Mya (95% HPD = 1.9–3.0), and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B45A4F67258EFD21" box="[1288,1416,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. was sister to
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2B04F872471FD0E" box="[994,1143,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B54A4F982471FD0E" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1888" box="[1048,1143,655,679]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">berlepschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with a divergence estimate of 0.4 Mya (95% HPD = 0.2–0.5). ABGD and ASAP analyses of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2784FD9235BFD4F" box="[810,861,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">ND2</emphasis>
|
||
data both identified
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5674FD924D4FD4F" box="[1077,1234,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B53B4FD824D4FD4F" box="[1129,1234,719,742]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B4544FD92582FD4F" box="[1286,1412,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
spp. nov. as unique genetic clusters (uncorrected
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5A24FF924FBFCAC" box="[1264,1277,750,773]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance = 0.07), supporting the formal taxonomic recognition of both.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B2784E5824A1FA70" blockId="28.[810,1462,847,1498]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2784E58248CFCCF" box="[810,1162,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
Morphology:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2E44E58248CFCCF" box="[950,1162,847,871]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">Catharus opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is sexually monochromatic with dark ‘olive brown’ dorsal plumage, unlike any other taxon in the complex (Wetmore 1955; photos in:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B5BC4E9A2359FC6C" author="Beltran W & Kauan G" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="134 - 9" refId="ref29451" refString="Beltran W, Kauan G. First record of the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush in the Central Andes of Colombia, with notes on its ecology and geographical variation. Wilson Bulletin 2001; 113: 134 - 9." type="journal article" year="2001">Beltrán and Kattan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B23E4EBA2418FC6D" author="Dyrcz A & Port J & Mikusek R & Greeney HF" box="[876,1054,940,965]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="117 - 23" refId="ref30536" refString="Dyrcz A, Port J, Mikusek R, Greeney HF. Parental care of nestlings in the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater) in eastern Ecuador. Ornitologia Neotropical 2015; 26: 117 - 23." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Dyrcz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2E04EBA23E2FC6C" box="[946,996,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was the only taxon with no difference between the sexes in the colour of the maxilla (i.e. both completely black). M.R.H. examined the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B58C4EFB2578FBAA" box="[1246,1406,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B4434EFB2578FBAA" box="[1297,1406,1004,1027]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8366FFC4B4D64EFB25B5FBAD" box="[1412,1459,1004,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in 2015, but lacked specimens for the standardized colour comparison. In comparisons between
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B59A493D2549FBEB" box="[1224,1359,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. and the rest of the complex, the closest match in colour was the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B205497E2368FB29" box="[855,878,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C.</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2D6497E2394FB28" box="[900,914,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">f.</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2F4497F23FCFB29" box="[934,1018,1128,1152]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2F4497F23FCFB29" box="[934,1018,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">mentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult female, which nevertheless had a darker throat than
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2A4499F247DFB09" box="[1014,1147,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13322A4B8366FFC4B5A0499F256EFB09" box="[1266,1384,1160,1184]" captionStart-0="Figure 15" captionStart-1="Figure 16" captionStart-2="Figure 17" captionStartId-0="23.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionStartId-1="24.[113,178,1708,1732]" captionStartId-2="25.[129,194,909,933]" captionTargetBox-0="[257,1346,156,1680]" captionTargetBox-1="[285,1290,156,1680]" captionTargetBox-2="[149,757,345,881]" captionTargetId-0="figure-75@23.[247,1356,144,1680]" captionTargetId-1="figure-124@24.[282,1290,144,1680]" captionTargetId-2="figure-247@25.[149,757,320,881]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionText-0="Figure 15. Ventral and dorsal views of the adult male plumages in C. b. berlepschi, C. b. caniceps, C. o.tenebris ssp. nov., C. b. nebulus ssp.nov., and C. mentalis. Photograph by M.R.H." captionText-1="Figure 16. Ventral and dorsal views of the adult female plumages in C. b. berlepschi, C. b. caniceps, C. o.tenebris ssp. nov., C. b. nebulus ssp.nov., and C. mentalis. Photograph by M.R.H." captionText-2="Figure 17. Side view of adult plumages in C. b. nebulus ssp. nov. Photograph by M.R.H." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326332" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326334" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326336" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8326332/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8326334/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8326336/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Figs 15–17</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68B03758366FFC4B42B499F2331FB16" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Adult plumage colour variation in the C.[fuscater] complex based on specimens in the ANSP, DMNH, FMNH, and LSUMZ. Numbers taken from Smithe (1975) denote colours on the crown, back, undertail coverts (tl-covs), flanks, breast, and throat. ‘Chin’ is scored with two levels (0,1) referring to the absence or presence, respectively, of an unbroken (although sometimes faint) line of darker feathers connecting the malar regions across the chin.Specimens from southern Ecuador and north-western Peru (C. [f.] caniceps) were scored separately from north-western Ecuador (C. [f.] berlepschi), despite showing low genetic divergence, to illustrate plumage colour differences. Specimens from eastern Panama (C.[f.] mirabilis, Undescribed 1) were scored using non-fresh (faded) specimens (see text). Color scores from a ‘brown type’ unsexed specimen of C. [f.] fuscater, the only study skin of that taxon available for the formal analysis, are included below as ‘female’." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7666468376FFD4B1214D9820BBFEC2" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" tableUuid="DF7666468376FFD4B1214D9820BBFEC2">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). We were unable to determine whether
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5B449BF2580FB16" box="[1254,1414,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B44B49BF2580FB16" box="[1305,1414,1192,1215]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B27849D023ABFB77" box="[810,941,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. differ in plumage colour (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68B03758366FFC4B47A49D12571FB76" box="[1320,1399,1222,1247]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[115,170,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Adult plumage colour variation in the C.[fuscater] complex based on specimens in the ANSP, DMNH, FMNH, and LSUMZ. Numbers taken from Smithe (1975) denote colours on the crown, back, undertail coverts (tl-covs), flanks, breast, and throat. ‘Chin’ is scored with two levels (0,1) referring to the absence or presence, respectively, of an unbroken (although sometimes faint) line of darker feathers connecting the malar regions across the chin.Specimens from southern Ecuador and north-western Peru (C. [f.] caniceps) were scored separately from north-western Ecuador (C. [f.] berlepschi), despite showing low genetic divergence, to illustrate plumage colour differences. Specimens from eastern Panama (C.[f.] mirabilis, Undescribed 1) were scored using non-fresh (faded) specimens (see text). Color scores from a ‘brown type’ unsexed specimen of C. [f.] fuscater, the only study skin of that taxon available for the formal analysis, are included below as ‘female’." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7666468376FFD4B1214D9820BBFEC2" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" tableUuid="DF7666468376FFD4B1214D9820BBFEC2">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), but note that skins of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2BE49F12476FB57" box="[1004,1136,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. had paler irides (e.g. ‘grey’ ANSP 185734 female, ‘grey brown’ LSUMZ 97809 female, ‘olive-brown’ LSUMZ 88629 male) and ‘orange’ orbital skin (ANSP 185734, LSUMZ 88629, 97809), whereas
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B278487323CBFAD2" box="[810,973,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B232487323CBFAD2" box="[864,973,1380,1403]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is said to have ‘dark, cinnamon-brown’ irides and yellow orbital skin, in both northern (Colombian) and southern (Ecuadorean) populations (see photos in:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B43448B523DFFA70" author="Beltran W & Kauan G" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="134 - 9" refId="ref29451" refString="Beltran W, Kauan G. First record of the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush in the Central Andes of Colombia, with notes on its ecology and geographical variation. Wilson Bulletin 2001; 113: 134 - 9." type="journal article" year="2001">Beltrán and Kattan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8366FFC4B2B748D52493FA70" author="Dyrcz A & Port J & Mikusek R & Greeney HF" box="[997,1173,1473,1498]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" pagination="117 - 23" refId="ref30536" refString="Dyrcz A, Port J, Mikusek R, Greeney HF. Parental care of nestlings in the Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater) in eastern Ecuador. Ornitologia Neotropical 2015; 26: 117 - 23." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Dyrcz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B57948D5245DFA70" box="[1067,1115,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8366FFC4B2784B1624A8F866" blockId="28.[810,1460,1536,1999]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2784B162456F9B1" box="[810,1104,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">
|
||
Voice:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2274B172456F9B1" box="[885,1104,1536,1560]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">Catharus opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5384B1624D2F9B1" box="[1130,1236,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) was distinguished from all taxa, except
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5564B372482F991" box="[1028,1156,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. b. nebulus</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B4464B37252DF99E" box="[1300,1323,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C.</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B4694B37254FF991" box="[1339,1353,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">f.</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B40A4B3725ABF991" box="[1368,1453,1568,1592]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B40A4B3725ABF991" box="[1368,1453,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">mentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8366FFC4B2274B5723AAF9F1" box="[885,940,1600,1624]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
3 (‘short/simple’) punctuation calls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13322A4B8366FFC4B4324B2825A7F9FE" box="[1376,1441,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[322,1283,146,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-252@15.[320,1283,144,1262]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Taxonomic variation in the structure of ‘punctuation calls’, visualized in RavenPro 1.5 (Cornell University). We recognize three groups based on shared acoustic structure: (Type 1) pulsed/rippling:C. [f.] hellmayri, Undescribed 1, C. [f.] mirabilis; (Type 2) long/sinuous: C. [f.] sanctaemartae, C. [f.] fuscater, C. [f.] berplepschi; (Type 3) short/simple: Undescribed 2, C. [f.] opertaneus, Undescribed 3, C. [f.] mentalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326320/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Too few recordings of song were available to assess the divergence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2F94B692431F93C" box="[939,1079,1662,1685]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2F94B692431F93C" box="[939,1079,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other taxa in the complex. Of the four triadic contours detected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B5ED4B8A2563F91C" authority="(ABC, ACB, CAB, CBA)" baseAuthorityName="ABC, ACB, CAB, CBA" box="[1215,1381,1693,1717]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5ED4B8A2563F91C" box="[1215,1381,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ABC, ACB, CAB, CBA), only one (ABC) was shared with
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B4D34BAA237EF95D" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov.. Of the four tetradic contours detected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2784BEC23D5F8BA" authority="(ABCD, CDAB, CDBA, DCBA)" baseAuthorityName="ABCD, CDAB, CDBA, DCBA" box="[810,979,1787,1811]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2784BEC23D5F8BA" box="[810,979,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ABCD, CDAB, CDBA, DCBA), only one (CDAB) was shared with
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B5124A0C24C2F89B" box="[1088,1220,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov.. An aberrant recording of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8366FFC4B2E44A2D245DF8F8" box="[950,1115,1850,1873]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8366FFC4B2E44A2D245DF8F8" box="[950,1115,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">C. o. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8366FFC4B5CC4A2D2511F8FB" box="[1182,1303,1850,1874]" country="Ecuador" name="Sucumbios" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Sucumbios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8366FFC4B4714A2D257AF8FB" box="[1315,1404,1850,1874]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(XC 529000) contained a unique triadic song
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8366FFC4B5A04A4E2527F8D8" box="[1266,1313,1881,1905]" pageId="28" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in which the upper two notes were rapidly trilled before descending to a lower note (i.e. a combination of contours BCA and CBA), unlike any other song in our dataset.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458367FFC5B0C04D872156FD0D" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8367FFC5B0C04D8721FEFF03" blockId="29.[129,778,144,676]" box="[402,504,144,170]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B0C04D8721FEFF03" box="[402,504,144,170]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8367FFC5B1D34DA12156FD0D" blockId="29.[129,778,144,676]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">
|
||
Based on geography, we inferred that intervening populations in the Central Andes, between
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8367FFC5B3784DC122A5FF47" box="[554,675,214,238]" country="Ecuador" name="Sucumbios" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Sucumbios</collectingRegion>
|
||
(ZMUC 119587) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8367FFC5B04C4DE2218DFEA4" box="[286,395,245,269]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(ZMUC 134855), belong to the same clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8367FFC5B05E4C02219AFE85" box="[268,412,277,300]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B05E4C02219AFE85" box="[268,412,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">C. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We hypothesize that the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8367FFC5B1BA4C23217BFEE2" box="[232,381,308,331]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B1BA4C23217BFEE2" box="[232,381,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">C. opertaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B08E4C232217FEE5" box="[476,529,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">ND2</emphasis>
|
||
tree, as sister to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8367FFC5B1D34C4420CAFEC2" box="[129,204,339,363]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Darién</collectingRegion>
|
||
clade with relatively low support, may be evidence of ancient episodes of hybridization and mitochondrial capture between those taxa (see: Toews and Brelsford 2012).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8367FFC5B1D34CA6217DFE60" author="Greeney HF & Dyrcz A & Mikusek R" box="[129,379,433,457]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" pagination="323 - 5" refId="ref30977" refString="Greeney HF, Dyrcz A, Mikusek R, et al. Cooperative breeding at a nest of Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrushes (Catharus fuscater). Wilson Journal of Ornithology 2015; 127: 323 - 5." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Greeney
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B1BB4CA52124FE60" box="[233,290,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented cooperative breeding in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B1CD4CC6214AFE41" box="[159,332,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">
|
||
C. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8367FFC5B1894CC6214AFE41" box="[219,332,465,488]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opertaneus">opertaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the Ecuadorean population (i.e.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD478367FFC5B3B04CC720C5FDA1" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" type="adult">five adults</specimenCount>
|
||
provisioning young in a single nest), the first report of this behaviour in a resident Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8367FFC5B3FA4F1820D3FDEF" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B3FA4F18230FFD8E" box="[680,777,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Catharus</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Previously, this rare behaviour was known only in Bicknell’s thrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8367FFC5B0184F59228BFDCF" authority=", Goetz et al. 2003" authorityName="Goetz" authorityYear="2003" box="[330,653,589,614]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicknelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B0184F5921C6FDCC" box="[330,448,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">C. bicknelli</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8367FFC5B09C4F59228BFDCF" author="Goetz JE & McFarland KP & Rimmer CC" box="[462,653,589,614]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" pagination="1044 - 53" refId="ref30922" refString="Goetz JE, McFarland KP, Rimmer CC. Multiple paternity and multiple male feeders in Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli). The Auk 2003; 120: 1044 - 53." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Goetz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B3454F59224DFDCC" box="[535,587,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Veery (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D4D8367FFC5B1DE4F7A2261FD2C" authority=", Halley and Heckscher 2012" authorityName=", Halley and Heckscher" authorityYear="2012" box="[140,615,621,645]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Catharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B1DE4F7A2110FD2C" box="[140,278,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">C. fuscescens</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8367FFC5B07A4F7A2261FD2C" author="Halley MR & Heckscher CM" box="[296,615,621,645]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" pagination="396 - 9" refId="ref31223" refString="Halley MR, Heckscher CM. Multiple male feeders at nests of the Veery. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 2012; 124: 396 - 9." type="journal article" year="2012">Halley and Heckscher 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8367FFC5B32B4F7A2305FD2C" author="Halley MR" box="[633,771,621,645]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" refId="ref31052" refString="Halley MR. Kin structure and mating system of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens) in the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont. M. S. Thesis, Delaware State University 2014. hups: // doi. org / 10.13140 / 2.1.1775.9369" type="book" year="2014">Halley 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B3F8367FFC5B1D34F9B2138FD0D" author="Halley MR & Heckscher CM & Kalavacharla V" box="[129,318,652,676]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" pagination="0157051" refId="ref31250" refString="Halley MR, Heckscher CM, Kalavacharla V. Multi-generational kinship, multiple mating, and flexible modes of parental care in a breeding population of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens), a trans-hemispheric migratory songbird. PLoS One 2016; 11: e 0157051." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Halley
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B19D4F9A2107FD0D" box="[207,257,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31365458367FFC5B0C04FDB20C4FC2E" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8367FFC5B0C04FDB21FEFD4F" blockId="29.[129,778,716,903]" box="[402,504,716,742]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B0C04FDB21FEFD4F" box="[402,504,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636CE8367FFC5B1D34FE520C4FC2E" blockId="29.[129,778,716,903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B613C938367FFC5B1D34FE520B9FC2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406001483" country="Colombia" location="The" municipality="English" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
|
||
<location id="8ED660158367FFC5B1D34FE520AFFCA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087D88361FFC5B05948A520C4FC2E:8ED660158367FFC5B1D34FE520AFFCA3" box="[129,169,754,778]" country="Colombia" municipality="English" name="The" pageId="29" pageNumber="257" stateProvince="Antioquia">The</location>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2ACB48367FFC5B04B4FE5216EFCA3" box="[281,360,754,778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">English</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
name references
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF82C8367FFC5B3704FE52289FCA3" box="[546,655,754,778]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E765E8367FFC5B3C84FE52303FCA3" box="[666,773,754,778]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2886C8367FFC5B1AE4E052133FC83" box="[252,309,786,810]" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">types</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected. The scientific name
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B3844E0520C8FCE0" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">C. o. tenebris</emphasis>
|
||
ssp. nov. is derived from the feminine Latin noun
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEADC8367FFC5B1D34E4720D3FCC1" box="[129,213,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="257">tenebrae</emphasis>
|
||
(darkness), referring to the dark forest habitat of the taxon
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |