treatments-xml/data/03/95/A0/0395A00B7038EB572A99FF4B661866B7.xml

<document id="B55F5D269C1E033C7A171F09B07CF8C9" ID-CLB-Dataset="7424" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d63cab47-63f1-4fdc-9209-26a256c91ccb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545337" ID-ZooBank="88CF2B0D-E02B-46E1-9F52-1B95F717FC8F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613558058512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eiseman, Charles S., Lonsdale, Owen, Linden, John Van Der, Feldman, Tracy S. &amp; Palmer, Michael W." docDate="2021" docId="0395A00B7038EB572A99FF4B661866B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4931.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4931 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Liriomyza euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale 2021, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFACD8737022EB4C2A0EFFDC6551673E" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698929887731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8F65BB9924DCD87FB83B121F3EC821FB">Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D657B8A57ED3B5F87049EDA231C9501">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCAB15BCE2C93BB2AAF80F9AB15FFD73">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7AE1555F138C2BA8DFA504B5D6E23EFF">Linden, John Van Der</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A155B3E9536E3C911EAF1161DCDB6F9B">Feldman, Tracy S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FA15B0F702807860E1E35B7D3A8BAB0" type="email">feldmants@sa.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A353D532DD4541DFA5E39134B86C5DBC">Palmer, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562A99FF4B661F678F" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562A99FF4B661F678F" blockId="26.[151,846,151,214]" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0CBA6717038EB562A99FF4B661F678F" bold="true" box="[151,846,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562A99FF4B661F678F" bold="true" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562A99FF4B679B678F" ID-CoL="8GSSB" authority="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,714,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbivora" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562A99FF4B64ED678C" bold="true" box="[151,444,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Liriomyza euphorbivora</emphasis>
Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B70747038EB5628D8FF4B661F678F" box="[726,846,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562A99FF67649967EB" box="[151,456,187,214]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562A99FF67649967EB" blockId="26.[151,846,151,214]" box="[151,456,187,214]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
(
<figureCitation id="13070D987038EB562A91FF67647667EB" box="[159,295,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–47" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@46.[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 40–47. Figures 40–43: Liriomyza euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., holotype; 40: dorsal; 41: head; 42: lateral; 43: habitus. Figures 44–47: L. hypopolymnia Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 44: paratype, dorsal; 45: same, head; 46: same, lateral; 47: puparia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545351/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 40–43</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13070D987038EB562B3DFF67640067E8" box="[307,337,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–86" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[151,1436,181,1719]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 73–86. Mines of Phytomyzinae on host plants: 73: Liriomyza blechi Spencer on Ruellia carolinensis; 74: Liriomyza cf. cracentis Lonsdale on Ageratina altissima; 75: L. euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Euphorbia marginata; 76: L. hypopolymnia Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Polymnia canadensis, upper surface; 77: same, lower surface; 78: L. orilliensis on Nabalus sp.; 79: L. cf. taraxaci Hering on Krigia virginica; 80: L. trifolii (Burgess) on Mecardonia acuminata; 81: Phytomyza cf. aesculi Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale on Aesculus flava; 82: P. flavilonicera Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Lonicera sempervirens; 83: same; 84: P. notopleuralis Spencer on Cornus sericea; 85: P. thermarum (Griffiths) on Erigeron pulchellus; 86: P. triostevena Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Triosteum sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545359/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">75</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13070D987038EB562B53FF67649167EB" box="[349,448,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 140–143" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,194,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@59.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 140–143. Liriomyza euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., male genitalia; 140: external components, ventral; 141: ejaculatory apodeme; 142: phallus, ventral; 143: same, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545383/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">140–143</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562A99FF22662A6600" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562A99FF22662A6600" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="3B541B407038EB562A99FF22662A6600" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844420" collectingDate="2018-05-29" collectingDateMax="2018-06-14" collectingDateMin="2018-05-29" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" country="United States of America" county="Payne Co." location="Marena" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="CSE4617, CNC1144138" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562A99FF2267416629" bold="true" box="[151,528,253,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7038EB562A99FF2264576626" box="[151,262,254,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D7038EB562B1DFF21641C6629" box="[275,333,253,279]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">USA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7038EB562B54FF21675A6629" box="[346,523,253,279]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="62E269917038EB562819FF2267DC6626" box="[535,653,254,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8EE347C67038EB562894FF2267A36626" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B7038EB572A99FF4B661866B7:8EE347C67038EB562894FF2267A36626" box="[666,754,254,280]" country="United States of America" county="Payne Co." name="Marena" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Marena</location>
, 36.072618°, -97.247242°, 
<date id="FF8237DD7038EB562E27FF2261CB6626" box="[1065,1178,254,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2018-05-29">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE357038EB562E27FF2261CB6626" box="[1065,1178,254,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2018-05-29">29.v.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. 
<date id="FF8237DD7038EB562ED9FF2260006626" box="[1239,1361,254,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2018-06-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE357038EB562ED9FF2260006626" box="[1239,1361,254,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2018-06-14">14.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26C974CB7038EB562F53FF2265B96605" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562B1BFEFD67596605" box="[277,520,289,315]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562B1BFEFD67596605" box="[277,520,289,315]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, # 
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667038EB56282AFEFD67C06605" box="[548,657,289,315]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">CSE4617</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667038EB562893FEFE66696602" box="[669,824,290,316]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">CNC1144138</specimenCode>
(1♁).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562AC9FE996171665E" box="[199,1056,325,352]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FE996171665E" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" box="[199,1056,325,352]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FE99641F6661" bold="true" box="[199,334,325,351]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the host plant genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562987FE996171665E" authority="L." box="[905,1056,325,352]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562987FE9961506661" box="[905,1025,325,351]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562AC9FEB56475659F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FEB5665266BD" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" box="[199,771,361,387]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FEB5645766BD" bold="true" box="[199,262,361,387]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562B03FEB564E966BD" box="[269,440,361,387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562BCCFEB5665266BD" authority="Pursh." box="[450,771,361,387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562BCCFEB567E466BD" box="[450,693,361,387]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia marginata</emphasis>
Pursh.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FE50660E6508" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FE5064176698" bold="true" box="[199,326,396,422]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leaf mine.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13070D987038EB562B5AFE5164F56699" box="[340,420,396,423]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–86" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[151,1436,181,1719]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 73–86. Mines of Phytomyzinae on host plants: 73: Liriomyza blechi Spencer on Ruellia carolinensis; 74: Liriomyza cf. cracentis Lonsdale on Ageratina altissima; 75: L. euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Euphorbia marginata; 76: L. hypopolymnia Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Polymnia canadensis, upper surface; 77: same, lower surface; 78: L. orilliensis on Nabalus sp.; 79: L. cf. taraxaci Hering on Krigia virginica; 80: L. trifolii (Burgess) on Mecardonia acuminata; 81: Phytomyza cf. aesculi Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale on Aesculus flava; 82: P. flavilonicera Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Lonicera sempervirens; 83: same; 84: P. notopleuralis Spencer on Cornus sericea; 85: P. thermarum (Griffiths) on Erigeron pulchellus; 86: P. triostevena Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Triosteum sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545359/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
) The single collected mine was a whitish (partially greenish), roughly circular blotch on the upper leaf surface, centered on the midrib, 
<quantity id="4CC4BCF87038EB562872FE6D67EC66F5" box="[636,701,433,459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
across when complete, with frass in a few small, dark grains and lumps. A photo taken of the lower leaf surface at the time of collection shows what appears to be a 0.2-mm wide, epidermal linear mine, but this does not appear to be contiguous with the mine that contained the fly larva and we believe it is unrelated. It is not discernible in the preserved leaf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FDE367976567" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" box="[199,710,575,601]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FDE364196567" bold="true" box="[199,328,575,601]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Puparium.</emphasis>
Yellow; formed outside the mine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FDBF6475659F" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FDBF64A26543" bold="true" box="[199,499,611,637]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phenology and voltinism.</emphasis>
The only known specimen was collected as a larva in late May, emerging as an adult in mid-June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562AC9FD7765A0640F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FD77648F65FB" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" box="[199,478,683,709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FD77643065FB" bold="true" box="[199,353,683,709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D7038EB562B69FD7764F265FB" box="[359,419,683,709]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">USA</collectingCountry>
: OK.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FD1365A0640F" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FD1364F165D7" bold="true" box="[199,416,719,745]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Adult description.</emphasis>
Wing length 
<quantity id="4CC4BCF87038EB562836FD1367DE65D7" box="[568,655,719,746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
(♁). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M 
<subScript id="17B813587038EB562F37FD3D601065D1" attach="left" box="[1337,1345,737,751]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">4</subScript>
divided by penultimate section: 2.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.0. First flagellomere small, rounded. Thorax subshining.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB562AC9FCE76194611B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FCE766216447" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FCE76416646B" box="[199,327,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: Two ori, two ors; subequal to ocellar and postvertical setae. Four dorsocentral setae, only first seta long, with second seta 
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562B99FCBD64FA6445" bold="true" box="[407,427,865,891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">⅖</emphasis>
length. Five rows of acrostichal setulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FC5F60DA623B" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FC5F641364A3" box="[199,322,899,925]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Coloration</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13070D987038EB562B56FC5F648E64A3" box="[344,479,899,925]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–47" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@46.[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 40–47. Figures 40–43: Liriomyza euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., holotype; 40: dorsal; 41: head; 42: lateral; 43: habitus. Figures 44–47: L. hypopolymnia Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 44: paratype, dorsal; 45: same, head; 46: same, lateral; 47: puparia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545351/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 40–43</figureCitation>
) Setae dark brownish-black. Head yellow with ocellar spot dark brown; posterolateral corner of frons dark brown nearly to base of outer vertical, paler brown to base of inner vertical; back of head and clypeus brown. Scutum dark brown with wide, complete lateral yellow stripe on scutum (reaching base of posterior supra-alar and intra-alar) that continues along posterior margin as narrow line along scutellum. Mediotergite dark brown; anatergite brown with posterodorsal corner yellow; katatergite yellow with posteroventral corner brown. Pleuron yellow in base color; anepisternum with wide clavate anteroventral stripe (wider anteriorly) and narrow posteromedial line along suture; anepimeron mottled brown; katepisternum brown below level of seta; meron mostly brown. Scutellum dark anterolaterally. Legs yellow with basal half of fore coxa dark brown, mid coxa basally brownish and hind coxa mottled brown; base of femora narrowly brown (reduced ventrally); tibiae brown with base of fore and mid tibiae yellow, fore tibia yellower and hind tibia darker; tarsi brown. Abdomen brown dorsally, stripe narrowing posteriorly to tergite 5; epandrium brown. Calypter margin yellow with grey tint, hairs greyish-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9FAD36194611B" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9FAD364606217" box="[199,305,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13070D987038EB562B46FAD364BA6217" box="[328,491,1295,1321]" captionStart="FIGURES 140–143" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,194,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@59.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 140–143. Liriomyza euphorbivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., male genitalia; 140: external components, ventral; 141: ejaculatory apodeme; 142: phallus, ventral; 143: same, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545383/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 140–143</figureCitation>
) Epandrium not fused to surstylus, with one spine. Surstylus with two apical spines. Phallophorus with venter much reduced, short. Basiphallus sclerotized along dorsal and left lateral surface with extension on left distal margin below paraphallus. Paraphallus simple, narrow. Hypophallus with small rod-shaped sclerite with apical hairs. Ejaculatory duct swollen and pigmented apically. Mesophallus slightly shorter than distiphallus, subcylindrical, fused to distiphallus dorsally, with slight ventral carina along suture. Distiphallus slightly wider than mesophallus, distal half shallow and cup-shaped, enclosing one pair of short processes, angled dorsally; basal half slightly narrower, sides parallel in ventral view, tapering basally in lateral view. Ejaculatory apodeme large and well-developed with broad blade; sperm pump with broad sclerotized cup-like venter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967038EB572AC9F9F3661866B7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB562AC9F9F3618A601F" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AC9F9F3641E6177" bold="true" box="[199,335,1583,1609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Comments.</emphasis>
This is the second 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB56282BF9EC67C66177" box="[549,663,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB56282BF9EC67C66177" box="[549,663,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Liriomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562968F9F3668F6177" box="[870,990,1583,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562968F9F3668F6177" box="[870,990,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in North America, after 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562EFEF9EC64966153" authority="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale. That" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale. That" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiella">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562EFEF9EC60CD6177" box="[1264,1436,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. euphorbiella</emphasis>
Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale. That
</taxonomicName>
species is likewise known only from Payne Co., 
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7038EB5629F5F98F61226153" box="[1019,1139,1619,1645]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
, but it was reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562F8AF98867E161AF" authority="(Murray) Griseb." authorityName="Griseb." baseAuthorityName="Murray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="heterophylla" variety="cyathophora">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562F8AF988647561AF" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E. heterophylla</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562B55F9AB64B861AF" box="[347,489,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">cyathophora</emphasis>
(Murray) Griseb.
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562938F9A4669861AF" box="[822,969,1656,1681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562938F9A4669861AF" box="[822,969,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and its mine begins with a distinct linear portion and does not cross the midrib. Mines on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB5628B3F9406601618B" box="[701,848,1692,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB5628B3F9406601618B" box="[701,848,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562E12F9406183618B" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[1052,1234,1691,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbivora">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562E12F9406183618B" box="[1052,1234,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. euphorbivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been photographed in 
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7038EB562B18F963643D61E7" box="[278,364,1727,1753]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ontario</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7038EB562B74F963674361E4" author="Mews" box="[378,530,1727,1754]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref41586" refString="Mews (2019 b) [Photographed leaf mines on snow-on-the-mountain]. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 34273256 (accessed 15 January 2020)" type="url" year="2019">Mews 2019b</bibRefCitation>
), and the aborted mine on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562933F91C613761E7" authority="Engelm." authorityName="Engelm." box="[829,1126,1727,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachycera">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562933F91C660761E7" box="[829,854,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB56298FF963615061E7" box="[897,1025,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">brachycera</emphasis>
Engelm.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7038EB562E84F96361A361E7" box="[1162,1266,1727,1753]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Colorado</collectingRegion>
noted by Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale (2019) could conceivably have represented this species. TSF has found largely linear 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562F25F93860CC61C3" box="[1323,1437,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562F25F93860CC61C3" box="[1323,1437,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Liriomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mines on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562B0AF8D46489601F" authority="Engelm." authorityName="Engelm." box="[260,472,1799,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curtisii">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562B0AF8D46423601F" box="[260,370,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E. curtisii</emphasis>
Engelm.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7038EB562BF5F8DB67F6601F" box="[507,679,1799,1825]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
, but so far adults have not been reared from these.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7038EB572AC9F8F7661866B7" blockId="26.[151,1437,253,2041]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Worldwide, 12 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562B7DF8F064B4607B" box="[371,485,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562B7DF8F064B4607B" box="[371,485,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Liriomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have now been reported from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB56299EF8F76159607B" box="[912,1032,1835,1861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB56299EF8F76159607B" box="[912,1032,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including three listed by Benavent- Corai 
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562AD3F88C64466057" box="[221,279,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2005) that were omitted without explanation from the review of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562E0AF893612D6057" box="[1028,1148,1871,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562E0AF893612D6057" box="[1028,1148,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-feeding 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562EEEF89360296057" box="[1248,1400,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7038EB562A99F8AF649F60B3" author="Martinez, M. &amp; Sobhian, R." box="[151,462,1907,1933]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref41445" refString="Martinez, M. &amp; Sobhian, R. (2000) Review of the agromyzid flies associated with Euphorbia spp., and prospects of their use for biological control of leafy spurge in North America. Redia, 81, 1 - 15. [1998]" type="journal article" year="2000">Martinez &amp; Sobhian (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Of these three, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB56288EF8A8663960B0" authority="(Becker)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[640,872,1907,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB56288EF8A8665160B3" box="[640,768,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. congesta</emphasis>
(Becker)
</taxonomicName>
normally feeds on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562E32F8AF61F660B3" box="[1084,1191,1907,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562EEEF8A860CD60B3" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1931" box="[1248,1436,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonchi">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562EEEF8A8601460B3" box="[1248,1349,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. sonchi</emphasis>
Hendel
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562AB7F84B6466608F" box="[185,311,1943,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
, so these records seem likely to be erroneous (both are derived from a paper on parasitoids of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562F57F84B65A760EB" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7038EB562B14F867642C60EB" box="[282,381,1979,2005]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Valencia</collectingRegion>
, published in 1987). The record of the highly polyphagous 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7038EB562E19F86061AE60EB" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1938" box="[1047,1279,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7038EB562E19F86061D560EB" box="[1047,1156,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. sativae</emphasis>
Blanchard
</taxonomicName>
appears plausible, however, apart from its being poorly documented (the cited source, Martinez (1993), is apparently a simple list of host genera, and is a publication we have been unable to obtain after multiple attempts; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7039EB572EB9FF4B65B367EB" author="Martinez, M. &amp; Sobhian, R." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref41445" refString="Martinez, M. &amp; Sobhian, R. (2000) Review of the agromyzid flies associated with Euphorbia spp., and prospects of their use for biological control of leafy spurge in North America. Redia, 81, 1 - 15. [1998]" type="journal article" year="2000">Martinez &amp; Sobhian (2000)</bibRefCitation>
explicitly stated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB572BDCFF67676F67EA" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1938" box="[466,574,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB572BDCFF67676F67EA" box="[466,574,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. sativae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is “not yet recorded on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB572945FF67669267EB" box="[843,963,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB572945FF67669267EB" box="[843,963,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”). Possibly this record refers to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7039EB572F22FF67644367C7" author="McClanahan, R. J." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="40 - 44" refId="ref41494" refString="McClanahan, R. J. (1975) Notes on the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 105, 40 - 44. [1974]" type="journal article" year="1975">McClanahan (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, who caged a population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB572844FF0367E767C6" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1938" box="[586,694,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB572844FF0367E767C6" box="[586,694,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. sativae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB5728FAFF03612567C7" authority="Willd. ex Klotzsch" authorityName="Willd. ex Klotzsch" authorityYear="1834" box="[756,1140,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB5728FAFF0366CC67C7" box="[756,925,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. pulcherrima</emphasis>
Willd. ex Klotzsch
</taxonomicName>
and observed light mining but no puparium formation. Whether the unidentified Nearctic mines noted above represent any of these 12 species remains to be seen, but to aid in the identification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB5728E4FEFB660D667E" box="[746,860,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB5728E4FEFB660D667E" box="[746,860,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Liriomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB572E67FEFB61B0667F" box="[1129,1249,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB572E67FEFB61B0667F" box="[1129,1249,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a modified version of the key by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7039EB572B7FFE9767FC665B" author="Martinez, M. &amp; Sobhian, R." box="[369,685,331,357]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref41445" refString="Martinez, M. &amp; Sobhian, R. (2000) Review of the agromyzid flies associated with Euphorbia spp., and prospects of their use for biological control of leafy spurge in North America. Redia, 81, 1 - 15. [1998]" type="journal article" year="2000">Martinez &amp; Sobhian (2000)</bibRefCitation>
is presented below with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB5729C0FE97612D665B" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale. That" authorityYear="2019" box="[974,1148,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiella">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB5729C0FE97612D665B" box="[974,1148,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. euphorbiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB572E82FE976015665B" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[1164,1348,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbivora">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB572E82FE976015665B" box="[1164,1348,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. euphorbivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7039EB572F88FE9765B766B6" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7039EB572F88FE9765B766B6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. sativae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
added, and supplemented with data from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7039EB5728B2FEB3661466B7" author="Ellis, W. N." box="[700,837,367,393]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref40795" refString="Ellis, W. N. (2020) Leafminers and plant galls of Europe. Available from: https: // bladmineerders. nl / (accessed 12 September 2020)" type="url" year="2020">Ellis (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>