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<document id="926B481635372879176219CF29C245E7" ID-CLB-Dataset="7424" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d63cab47-63f1-4fdc-9209-26a256c91ccb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545337" ID-ZooBank="88CF2B0D-E02B-46E1-9F52-1B95F717FC8F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613558058512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eiseman, Charles S., Lonsdale, Owen, Linden, John Van Der, Feldman, Tracy S. &amp; Palmer, Michael W." docDate="2021" docId="0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4931.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4931 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale 2021, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFACD8737022EB4C2A0EFFDC6551673E" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698929887731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="74F60AD741E0889801EC6B8AEC21D65A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="52871D4D095A00196F650006F45BD7A8">
<mods:title id="28D218D23529207ACF393D85A3B0719E">Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AABAD564A2E6F2AD38A7079DE6FA9711" type="personal">
<mods:role id="058F923EE103BB29A895BAB2BDB131D3">
<mods:roleTerm id="203BF170C4304EDF7D081FEC841BF815">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3AA24FFA6DAD7357EF2CB945449878C7">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="92BFF2290C36FC8EC016579E193B6887" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C44F2437A5A5B66E7AA86E4D43FFD31">
<mods:roleTerm id="66D1DDAF9E5017B2D851FEC9BB02322B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8600733418B34144D560F0901C8023E9">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DDA02F960B83B74ED6ABCEAF1914D58" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7034-3330</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D77875EE5AB670D64D856F582625624" type="email">onsdale@agr.gc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A0DBABDD2EEB1699C0765BC341D84D0C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA539D873CA1E9742AE5B017ACE49DB1">
<mods:roleTerm id="02E0AEC89CD92227A312481E0102CD94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="78768E91C1DFCCE93D21976B0A4E103E">Linden, John Van Der</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4023110F27E79352C27C09751EFC0EB0" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2651-0634</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="79554E81C169EA8F28DECD509B1FD2A2" type="email">johnbvdl@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5EE42AECF2C8E1B1AB9F317BD504A239" type="personal">
<mods:role id="598A2FAA1F1B35E6CD8FC6E68F8EBD25">
<mods:roleTerm id="16F5FE1C692E7AAA2D1A848D655A5857">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3F9D88FED5261447DFA32F56849DE9D0">Feldman, Tracy S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A4FFB01F68477B33FC2E5C0658F8D227" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5939-6810</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A8FCD0823DD6BF1E18D57B776DC0B5C3" type="email">feldmants@sa.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2E6C5922C91388C9C1AB8373E86963FC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9A297AE6A5B6E9E85AEFF0D0781BFE8C">
<mods:roleTerm id="4B1C9883698B22B473CD11B07CA83010">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="77203142E2FA24F34A00C10C7450A47D">Palmer, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="89B7A00511A20489220FFEE77521A2C6" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1452-2152</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F8E82DF4EF52B5E9230A1ACA93E19B17" type="email">mike.palmer@okstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="03C2A6A0D11172F497ED78739FBAB96B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F561D1A5C0F8DF19D41D50CE872D1060" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5665F3F6B3018BC57B9E33A60FF8BC7A">
<mods:title id="EE43C171E029CE829AF178A048F77456">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="94DEF56CE47DF23FCDC5407642315668">
<mods:date id="9C4B1F3675E3ADADAEE5218224896953">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="09B20DECAAC770AEEF0C1D09B7D92FEF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EBA9ACFED0FC8B3ABB8204DAC365E682">2021-02-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DB8A1144C671683D90BF0B2E79E17AE0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1E93EC979E8D17453065D0ED4F90154E">4931</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="0B188C4D52B36B7BABA56F10F76AB2DC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A921B1C27E9F580303AA66336021FE87">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8A2188D5363948D001A1E307439E7C6A">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="65A6F3ED10FDEE23B5773ACFD3B47E5D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C3ACCDC9AF8A57AF4C3D5EEA1145D09A" type="CLB-Dataset">7424</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F01C1546BDB241A8BC6AED3F378B22A6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A5A6A94790759BF0A03E5D1B2A75F86F" type="GBIF-Dataset">d63cab47-63f1-4fdc-9209-26a256c91ccb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="770ECF0409E59A171871F77618A09168" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2B60DD66B39519A76A4E9F9471119A5D" type="Zenodo-Dep">4545337</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="88F33E90B96A8CA087AF6B1D5A44A2F6" type="ZooBank">88CF2B0D-E02B-46E1-9F52-1B95F717FC8F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545233" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180947815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545233" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C32642967028EB462A99FB76662B63FB" box="[151,890,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462A99FB76662B63FB" blockId="10.[151,890,1194,1257]" box="[151,890,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0CBA6717028EB462A99FB76662B63FB" bold="true" box="[151,890,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462A99FB76662B63FB" bold="true" box="[151,890,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7028EB462A99FB7667A763FB" ID-CoL="8GTKB" authority="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,758,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudbeckiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462A99FB7664B963FB" bold="true" box="[151,488,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Melanagromyza rudbeckiae</emphasis>
Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B70747028EB46290CFB77662B63FB" box="[770,890,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967028EB462A99FB1364CC63D7" box="[151,413,1230,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462A99FB1364CC63D7" blockId="10.[151,890,1194,1257]" box="[151,413,1230,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="13070D987028EB462A91FB13647663D7" box="[159,295,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Figures 13–15: Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 13: paratype, dorsal; 14: same, head; 15: same, lateral. Figures 16–19: M. urticae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 16: holotype, dorsal; 17: same, head; 18: same, lateral; 19: puparia. Figures 20–23: M. verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 20: holotype, dorsal; 21: same, head; 22: same, lateral; 23: puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545345/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 13–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13070D987028EB462B3DFB1264C463D7" box="[307,405,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–110" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 105–110. Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., male genitalia; 105: external components, left lateral; 106: same, ventral; 107: hypandrium to epiphallus, ventral; 108: ejaculatory apodeme; 109: phallus, ventral; 110: same, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545371/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">105–110</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967028EB462A99FACB67CA62DB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462A99FACB673F6269" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B541B407028EB462A99FACB673F6269" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844395" collectingDate="2017-08-20" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="J. van der Linden" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." location="Meadow Farm" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="CSE4664, CNC1135655" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Iowa" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462A99FACB64FD620E" bold="true" box="[151,428,1302,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7028EB462A99FACB6457620F" box="[151,262,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D7028EB462B1BFACA641E620E" box="[277,335,1302,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7028EB462B50FACA64FD620E" box="[350,428,1302,1328]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">IOWA</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="62E269917028EB462BB3FACB6727620F" box="[445,630,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Winneshiek Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8EE347C67028EB46288AFACB667F620F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247:8EE347C67028EB46288AFACB667F620F" box="[644,814,1303,1329]" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." name="Meadow Farm" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Iowa">Meadow Farm</location>
,
<date id="FF8237DD7028EB462932FACB6696620F" box="[828,967,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE357028EB462932FACB6696620F" box="[828,967,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-08-20">20.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.?,
<collectorName id="26C974CB7028EB462E2BFACB61A2620F" box="[1061,1267,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J. van der Linden</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7028EB462F28FACB65AA626B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462F28FACB65AA626B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudbeckia laciniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667028EB462B19FAE764D4626B" box="[279,389,1339,1365]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CSE4664</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667028EB462B9EFAE6677B626B" box="[400,554,1338,1365]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CNC1135655</specimenCode>
(1♁).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9FA8367CA62DB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B541B407028EB462AC9FA83642662A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844307" collectingDate="1997-09-23" collectionCode="T" collectorName="A. H. Williams" country="United States of America" county="Grant Co." location="Thomas Wet. Prairie" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="T7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9FA8367686246" bold="true" box="[199,569,1374,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7028EB462AC9FA8364106247" box="[199,321,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D7028EB462B41FA8264D86246" box="[335,393,1374,1400]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7028EB462B98FA8267686246" box="[406,569,1374,1400]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">WISCONSIN</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="62E269917028EB462844FA8367EC6247" box="[586,701,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Grant Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8EE347C67028EB4628C4FA8366E76247" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247:8EE347C67028EB4628C4FA8366E76247" box="[714,950,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" county="Grant Co." name="Thomas Wet. Prairie" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Thomas Wet. Prairie</location>
,
<date id="FF8237DD7028EB4629CDFA83616C6247" box="[963,1085,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1997-09-23">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE357028EB4629CDFA83616C6247" box="[963,1085,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1997-09-23">23.ix.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26C974CB7028EB462E47FA8361A16247" box="[1097,1264,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A.H. Williams</collectorName>
, stems of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7028EB462F68FA83641662A3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacinata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462F68FA83641662A3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudbeckia lacinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667028EB462B57FA5F642662A3" box="[345,375,1411,1437]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T7</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B541B407028EB462B79FA5F64E462A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844432" box="[375,437,1411,1437]" collectionCode="R" country="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="R1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin" typeStatus="paratype">
N
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667028EB462B99FA5F64E462A3" box="[407,437,1411,1437]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B541B407028EB462BBBFA5F64D662DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844313" collectingDate="1998-03-02" collectingDateMax="1998-04-24" collectingDateMin="1998-03-02" collectionCode="CNC" country="United States of America" location="Sect." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="CNC934510-934512" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin" typeStatus="paratype">
W
<location id="8EE347C67028EB462BD3FA5F674462A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B7028EB472A99FB7664D56247:8EE347C67028EB462BD3FA5F674462A3" box="[477,533,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Sect." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Sect.</location>
7, [host stem] stripped of leaves and inflorescences, put into sterile containers over sterile soil and netted w/hosiery, outdoors until
<date id="FF8237DD7028EB462912FA7B66D962FF" box="[796,904,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1998-03-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE357028EB462912FA7B66D962FF" box="[796,904,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1998-03-02">2.iii.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
when tightly caged in lab, em.
<date id="FF8237DD7028EB462EFBFA7A60C962FF" box="[1269,1432,1446,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1998-04-15" valueMax="1998-04-24" valueMin="1998-04-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE357028EB462EFBFA7A60C962FF" box="[1269,1432,1446,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1998-04-15" valueMax="1998-04-24" valueMin="1998-04-15">15–24.iv.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB9667028EB462A99FA1664D662DB" box="[151,391,1482,1509]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CNC934510–934512</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
(2♁,
<collectionCode id="ED2D89D87028EB462BC6FA17674462DB" box="[456,533,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">WIRC</collectionCode>
; 1♁,
<collectionCode id="ED2D89D87028EB46285EFA1767DF62DB" box="[592,654,1483,1509]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CNC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967028EB462AC9FA33614E6137" box="[199,1055,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9FA33614E6137" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" box="[199,1055,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9FA33641F6137" bold="true" box="[199,334,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the host plant genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7028EB462987FA33614E6137" authority="L." box="[905,1055,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462987FA3366AE6137" box="[905,1023,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudbeckia</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967028EB462AC9F9CF674561DF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9F9CF67C46113" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" box="[199,661,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9F9CF64576113" bold="true" box="[199,262,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7028EB462B02F9CF64DA6113" box="[268,395,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7028EB462B9BF9CF67C46113" authority="L." box="[405,661,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462B9BF9CF67276113" box="[405,630,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudbeckia laciniata</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9F9EB670F616F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" box="[199,606,1590,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9F9EB642D616E" bold="true" box="[199,380,1590,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Larval biology.</emphasis>
Internal stem borer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9F9866730614B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" box="[199,609,1626,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9F9866419614A" bold="true" box="[199,328,1626,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puparium.</emphasis>
Formed within the stem.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9F9A3674561DF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9F9A364A361A6" bold="true" box="[199,498,1662,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phenology and voltinism.</emphasis>
Pupae overwinter, with adults emerging after six to eight weeks of exposure to warm temperatures in spring. The
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7028EB462BC1F97F67606183" box="[463,561,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was reared from a larva or pupa collected in mid-August, but unfortunately its emergence date was not recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967028EB472AC9F936663164BF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9F9366754603B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" box="[199,517,1770,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9F9366430603A" bold="true" box="[199,353,1770,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D7028EB462B69F93764F2603B" box="[359,419,1771,1797]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
: IA, WI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7028EB462AC9F8D2675260E3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1302,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7028EB462AC9F8D264F16016" bold="true" box="[199,416,1806,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adult description.</emphasis>
Wing length approximately
<quantity id="4CC4BCF87028EB4628EFF8D266396017" box="[737,872,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
(♁). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M
<subScript id="17B813587028EB462B08F899645F606D" attach="left" box="[262,270,1861,1875]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</subScript>
divided by penultimate section: 0.7–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.6–4.8. First flagellomere small, rounded. Orbital plate slightly projecting. Gena horizontal on posterior half, angled upwards on anterior half. Face with very shallow ridge. Clypeus rounded. Head distinctly higher than long, not as developed anteriorly as in most congeners; many fibers trapped under setae on head, obscuring much of frons. Thorax subshining. Right foreleg and left hindleg missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7029EB472AC9FF4B6450667F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472AC9FF4B6416678F" box="[199,327,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: Three ori (anterior seta nearly flat on frons), two ors. Orbital setulae in several rows, mostly erect to proclinate on outer row, mostly reclinate on inner. Eye setose dorsomedially, relatively dense in
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7029EB472ED0FF67601D67EB" box="[1246,1356,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, sparse in
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7029EB472ABDFF03644867C7" box="[179,281,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Postvertical seta slightly longer than ocellar. Two strong dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight rows. One smaller additional seta on katepisternum. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae, only one on left leg of
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7029EB472A99FEFB65AC667F" box="[151,253,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7029EB472AC9FE9765966693" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472AC9FE976413665B" box="[199,322,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coloration</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13070D987029EB472B57FE97648E665B" box="[345,479,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Figures 13–15: Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 13: paratype, dorsal; 14: same, head; 15: same, lateral. Figures 16–19: M. urticae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 16: holotype, dorsal; 17: same, head; 18: same, lateral; 19: puparia. Figures 20–23: M. verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 20: holotype, dorsal; 21: same, head; 22: same, lateral; 23: puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545345/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 13–15</figureCitation>
) Setae dark brown. Color dark brown, including halter; slight metallic green shine on dorsum of thorax that is also evident and slightly more pronounced on abdomen. Calypter margin and hairs yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7029EB472AC9FE6B663164BF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472AC9FE6B646066EF" box="[199,305,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13070D987029EB472B49FE6B64B966EF" box="[327,488,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–110" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-17@53.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 105–110. Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., male genitalia; 105: external components, left lateral; 106: same, ventral; 107: hypandrium to epiphallus, ventral; 108: ejaculatory apodeme; 109: phallus, ventral; 110: same, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545371/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 105–110</figureCitation>
) Epandrium with minute posteroventral spine. Surstylus shallow, wide, curved, fused to anteroventral surface of epandrium; inner distal margin with scattered tubercle-like setulae. Cercus large, welldeveloped. Hypandrium relatively wide, sides slightly converging apically to narrower apical apodeme; inner lobe Y-shaped with sockets on anterior process. Phallophorus with base abruptly constricted, short and with sides flared; swollen distoventrally. Basiphallus U-shaped, long dorsally, pointed at ends; distant from basiphallus+mesophallus, with intervening gap nearly as long as phallophorus. Mesophallus short, cylindrical, tapering to ventromedial point of fusion on distiphallus; base slightly exceeding that of distiphallus. Distiphallus relatively short compared to congeners, subovate in ventral view with length twice width; one pair of ventrolateral tubules flanking mesophallus; dark, thick ventromedial plate greatly swollen immediately past mesophallus; dorsal chamber small, short, widest apically with margin flared laterally, internally with one pair of spinulose pads; tubular process arising from dorsal chamber short and straight. Ejaculatory apodeme with narrow, pale blade with medial rib, short stem with long lateromedial process, and long weak tube arising from base on side opposite duct; sperm pump with wide basal sclerotization, including transverse bar that is upcurved at ends.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32642967029EB472AC9FC5664D56247" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B83111D7029EB472AC9FC566478630B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472AC9FC56641E649A" bold="true" box="[199,335,906,932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comments.</emphasis>
Another Nearctic species,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB47288FFC576172649B" authority="Spencer" authorityName="Spencer" box="[641,1059,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimoides">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB47288FFC5766EE649B" box="[641,959,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanagromyza minimoides</emphasis>
Spencer
</taxonomicName>
, has been reared from
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB472F28FC5765AA64F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472F28FC5765AA64F7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rudbeckia laciniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the larvae feed in the seedhead rather than boring in the stem (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7029EB4729FEFC73604364F7" author="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C." box="[1008,1298,943,969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref42797" refString="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C. (1986) Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. USDA Agricultural Research Service Agriculture Handbook, 638, 1 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119606" type="journal article" year="1986">Spencer &amp; Steyskal 1986</bibRefCitation>
; this paper), and the calypter hairs are dark brown, not yellow.
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB4728CFFC0F66A964D3" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[705,1016,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudbeckiae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB4728CFFC0F66A964D3" box="[705,1016,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanagromyza rudbeckiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the undetermined species
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7029EB472F39FC0F65B3632F" author="Williams, A. H." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="156 - 161" refId="ref43230" refString="Williams, A. H. (1999) Fauna overwintering in or on stems of Wisconsin prairie forbs. Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conference, 16, 156 - 161." type="journal article" year="1999">Williams (1999)</bibRefCitation>
reported rearing from overwintering stems of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB4728EBFC2B6639632F" box="[741,872,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniata">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB4728EBFC2B6639632F" box="[741,872,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. laciniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF7029EB472987FC2B6150632F" box="[905,1025,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
, and his specimens are included here as
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF7029EB472AB8FBC76474630B" box="[182,293,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D7029EB472AC9FBE364D56247" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB472AC9FBE367516367" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,512,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudbeckiae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472AC9FBE367516367" box="[199,512,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanagromyza rudbeckiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively small, faintly greenish species with a characteristic phallus that has the distiphallus and basiphallus widely separated, the mesophallus base slightly exceeds that of the distiphallus, and the distiphallus is relatively short with the medial tubule well exposed apically, the venter is thickly sclerotized, and in ventral view the outline is narrowly egg-shaped with the sides slightly flared distolaterally. Unlike similar
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB472A99FB13641D63D7" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,332,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472A99FB13641D63D7" box="[151,332,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanagromyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identifiable from couplet
<quantity id="4CC4BCF87029EB472874FB1367E763D7" box="[634,694,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="36.0">36 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC7029EB4728B1FB1366A663D4" author="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C." box="[703,1015,1231,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref42797" refString="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C. (1986) Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. USDA Agricultural Research Service Agriculture Handbook, 638, 1 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119606" type="journal article" year="1986">Spencer &amp; Steyskal (1986)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB472E0BFB1361F863D7" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[1029,1193,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudbeckiae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472E0BFB1361F863D7" box="[1029,1193,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. rudbeckiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a relatively long space between the basiphallus and the distiphallus.
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB4728E7FB2F61406233" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1986" box="[745,1041,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longensis">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB4728E7FB2F61406233" box="[745,1041,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanagromyza longensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly larger (wing length
<quantity id="4CC4BCF87029EB472F77FB2F6595620F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
) but otherwise externally similar (including three ori), but the distiphallus is approximate to the basiphallus. Other similar but slightly larger Nearctic species are either bluish in color (
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB4729EEFAE761FE6268" authority="Steyskal" authorityName="Steyskal" box="[992,1199,1339,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksi">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB4729EEFAE76116626B" box="[992,1095,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. hicksi</emphasis>
Steyskal
</taxonomicName>
) or have a projecting frons (
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E7029EB472AEFFA8364226247" box="[225,371,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelicae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F7029EB472AEFFA8364226247" box="[225,371,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. angelicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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