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<mods:title id="108023026E3ABE107EF5F521A4DE8AFB">The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B84368D7356AB0443D5FEA0FDF7FE11" blockId="35.[151,611,368,427]" box="[151,611,368,394]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D0CC81E17356AB0443D5FEA0FDF7FE11" bold="true" box="[151,611,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0443D5FEA0FDF7FE11" ID-CoL="77YZT" authority="Dunning 1897" authorityName="Dunning" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,611,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Protandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0443D5FEA0FDF7FE11" bold="true" box="[151,611,368,394]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0443D5FEA0FE38FE11" bold="true" box="[151,428,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Protandrena cockerelli</emphasis>
Dunning 1897
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<subSubSection id="C32165067356AB0443D5FE42FF6AFE30" box="[151,254,402,427]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B84368D7356AB0443D5FE42FF6AFE30" blockId="35.[151,611,368,427]" box="[151,254,402,427]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
(
<figureCitation id="13002A087356AB0443DDFE42FF61FE30" box="[159,245,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[171,1436,1242,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,1242,1771]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 8. Protandrena from Michigan. A) Oblique habitus of male Protandrena bancrofti Dunning. B) Face of female Protandrena cockerelli Dunning from Michigan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1063870/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32165067356AB0443D5FE0AFDE9FE68" box="[151,637,474,499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B84368D7356AB0443D5FE0AFDE9FE68" blockId="35.[151,1437,474,1183]" box="[151,637,474,499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0443D5FE0AFECDFE68" bold="true" box="[151,345,474,499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">County records:</emphasis>
Berrien, Ionia, Newaygo.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32165067356AB044385FE2EFE4AFC5C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84368D7356AB044385FE2EFE4AFC5C" blockId="35.[151,1437,474,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044385FE2EFE85FD8C" bold="true" box="[199,273,510,535]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Notes.</emphasis>
A small number of males and a single female of this species have been recently collected, notably all from
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB044396FDF2FE55FDA0" box="[212,449,546,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044396FDF2FE55FDA0" box="[212,449,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Asclepias verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L (
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0442A4FDF2FD0FFDA0" box="[486,667,546,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asclepiadaceae</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB0441EFFDF2FCC9FDA0" author="Mitchell" box="[685,861,546,571]" firstAuthor="Mitchell" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref96571" refString="Mitchell, T. B. (1960) Bees of the Eastern United States: volume I. N. C. Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletin, 141, 1 - 538." type="book chapter" year="1960">Mitchell (1960)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species from Michigan as
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB04465DFDF2FE4CFDC5" authorityName="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Psaenythia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanorum" subGenus="Protandrena">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04465DFDF2FA08FDA0" box="[1311,1436,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Psaenythia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0443E2FD96FEB9FDC4" box="[160,301,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Protandrena</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044202FD97FE4CFDC5" box="[320,472,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mexicanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality: [Ciudad] Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico], with
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0447C4FD96FB67FDC4" authorityName="Dunning" authorityYear="1897" box="[1158,1267,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Protandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0447C4FD96FB67FDC4" box="[1158,1267,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">cockerelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality: Topeka, Kansas) as a synonym.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB0442BCFDBAFD5BFD18" author="Timberlake" box="[510,719,618,643]" firstAuthor="Timberlake" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="398 - 407" refId="ref104349" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1955) Notes on the species of Psaenythia of North America. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola superiore d'agricoltura in Portici, 33, 398 - 407." type="journal article" year="1955">Timberlake (1955)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB04406BFDBCFC26FD18" authorityName="Dunning" authorityYear="1897" box="[809,946,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Protandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04406BFDBCFCA3FD18" box="[809,823,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044007FDBAFC26FD18" box="[837,946,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">cockerelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0447CCFDBCFAB2FD18" authorityName="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs" authorityYear="2017" box="[1166,1318,620,643]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Psaenythia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanorum">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0447CCFDBCFAB2FD18" box="[1166,1318,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mexicanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A female from Newaygo County identified by Mitchell (MSUC) has facial and pronotal maculations consistent with
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0446C5FD5FFEBBFD50" authorityName="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Psaenythia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanorum">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0446C5FD5FFA01FD3D" box="[1415,1429,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0443D5FD64FEBBFD50" box="[151,303,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mexicanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB044232FD62FD94FD50" author="Hurd" box="[368,512,690,715]" firstAuthor="Hurd" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1741 - 2209" refId="ref90811" refString="Hurd, P. D. (1979) Superfamily Apoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1741 - 2209." type="book chapter" year="1979">Hurd (1979)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the Michigan record as
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0440D3FD62FB02FD50" authorityName="Dunning" authorityYear="1897" box="[913,1174,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Protandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0440D3FD62FB02FD50" box="[913,1174,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Protandrena cockerelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead. Based on the geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB044280FD06FDDBFD74" box="[450,591,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Protandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044280FD06FDDBFD74" box="[450,591,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Protandrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB0441F4FD06FCEFFD74" author="Timberlake" box="[694,891,726,751]" firstAuthor="Timberlake" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="133 - 227" refId="ref104661" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1976) Revision of the North American bees of the genus Protandrena Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 102, 133 - 227." type="journal article" year="1976">Timberlake 1976</bibRefCitation>
), it is unlikely that
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB044716FD07FA9DFD75" authority="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs, 2017" authorityName="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs" authorityYear="2017" box="[1108,1289,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Psaenythia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="mexicanorum">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044716FD07FBF6FD75" box="[1108,1122,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044733FD07FA9DFD75" box="[1137,1289,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mexicanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57E47356AB044652FD07FA08FD74" box="[1296,1436,726,751]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
would occur in Michigan, as the closest currently accepted
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB04406FFD2CFC75FC88" authorityName="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs" authorityYear="2017" box="[813,993,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Psaenythia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanorum">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04406FFD2CFCAFFC88" box="[813,827,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04400BFD2CFC75FC88" box="[841,993,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mexicanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
record is from West Texas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB044658FD2AFF47FCAC" author="Timberlake" firstAuthor="Timberlake" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="133 - 227" refId="ref104661" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1976) Revision of the North American bees of the genus Protandrena Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 102, 133 - 227." type="journal article" year="1976">Timberlake 1976</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, we attribute
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB0442FCFCCEFDCAFCAC" author="Hurd's" box="[446,606,798,823]" firstAuthor="Hurd's" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1741 - 2209" refId="ref90811" refString="Hurd, P. D. (1979) Superfamily Apoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1741 - 2209." type="book chapter" year="1979">Hurds (1979)</bibRefCitation>
records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB0441A3FCCFFCEDFCAD" authorityName="Gibbs &amp; Ascher &amp; Rightmyer &amp; Isaacs" authorityYear="2017" box="[737,889,799,822]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Psaenythia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanorum">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0441A3FCCFFCEDFCAD" box="[737,889,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">mexicanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from North Dakota, Nebraska, and Colorado to outdated identifications or taxonomic concepts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB044193FC92FC17FCC0" author="Chandler" box="[721,899,834,859]" firstAuthor="Chandler" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="313 - 314" refId="ref85563" refString="Chandler, L. (1962) Notes on the species of Psaenythia (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in the Eastern United States. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 35, 313 - 314." type="journal article" year="1962">Chandler 1962</bibRefCitation>
). To further add to confusion about the true distribution of these bees,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7356AB044296FCB6FD3FFCE4" author="Timberlake" box="[468,683,870,895]" firstAuthor="Timberlake" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="133 - 227" refId="ref104661" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1976) Revision of the North American bees of the genus Protandrena Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 102, 133 - 227." type="journal article" year="1976">Timberlake (1976)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB044064FCB7FC21FCE4" authorityName="Dunning" authorityYear="1897" box="[806,949,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Protandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044064FCB7FCA0FCE5" box="[806,820,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04400AFCB6FC21FCE4" box="[840,949,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">cockerelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from New Jersey, but this record seems implausible and likely involves mislabeled or misinterpreted material from much further west in North America (perhaps from New Mexico).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32165067356AB044385FC02FE3EFB04" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B84368D7356AB044385FC02FE3EFB04" blockId="35.[151,1437,474,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044385FC02FDDFFC70" bold="true" box="[199,587,978,1003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Material examined.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB0442F8FC02FDA8FC70" bold="true" box="[442,572,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Berrien Co</emphasis>
.:
</emphasis>
Southwest Michigan Research and Education Center, 42.084 -86.3535,
<date id="FF85104D7356AB0446C2FC03FE96FB94" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2016-07-14">14 Jul. 2016</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB04424DFC26FE6AFB94" box="[271,510,1014,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04424DFC26FE6AFB94" box="[271,510,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Asclepias verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1 ♂ MSUC: RI);
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044199FC26FCC7FB94" bold="true" box="[731,851,1014,1039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB044199FC26FCDFFB94" authority="Co." authorityName="Co." box="[731,843,1014,1039]" family="Violaceae" genus="Ionia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044199FC26FCD7FB94" bold="true" box="[731,835,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ionia Co</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Clarksville Research Center, 42.8708 -85.2544,
<date id="FF85104D7356AB0446C3FC27FE84FBA8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-08-11">11 Aug. 2015</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB04425EFBCAFD9EFBA8" box="[284,522,1050,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04425EFBCAFD9EFBA8" box="[284,522,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Asclepias verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., L. Rowe (1 ♂ MSUC: RI); Clarksville Research Center, 42.8708 -85.2544,
<date id="FF85104D7356AB0446CCFBCBFE84FBCC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2016-08-03">3 Aug. 2016</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB04425EFBEEFD9EFBCC" box="[284,522,1086,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB04425EFBEEFD9EFBCC" box="[284,522,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Asclepias verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., L. Rowe (1 ♂ MSUC: RI); Clarksville Research Center, 42.8708 -85.2544,
<date id="FF85104D7356AB0446CCFBEFFE9BFBE0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2016-08-08">8 Aug. 2016</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7356AB044258FBB2FD93FBE0" box="[282,519,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044258FBB2FD93FBE0" box="[282,519,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Asclepias verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., L. Rowe (1 ♀ MSUC: RI);
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044026FBB3FB91FBE0" bold="true" box="[868,1029,1122,1147]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7356AB044026FBB3FC61FBE0" bold="true" box="[868,1013,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Newaygo Co</emphasis>
.:
</emphasis>
(no locality),
<date id="FF85104D7356AB0447E0FBB3FAAEFBE0" box="[1186,1338,1122,1147]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1956-05-13">13 May 1956</date>
, R. &amp; K. Dreisbach (1 ♀ MSUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>