146 lines
16 KiB
XML
146 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F319BD4BF61000518A76A1B9C3E5A201">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="551437F6E7944677871B645AAA1C020F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="26DED10118FEB508F1916A819074FFE7">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93A30AB6A452E1A8E70823F3A3BF7869" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="859228D49D76ABEABE4037A9943B6282">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A170B7CD25BA1A6D4E7ED3AB07000A2" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CFB798E703AD68C41105379EDA593CE5">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D71811B8A9D9A8C08835A7544440FC5C" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="154105642CD20ED5537B4134EC559133">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BC1CCAAD21F4BF83D4B502135F27F6C9">
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<mods:date id="E4E297DDC9A445196F3895223F48815E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1900F1737ACAA1D4B9B6DC6A045527C8">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="94AE7EA14BC6A6B437548A091BEEBBBB">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B52FFE9FF56F8BEFAA6FE3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7640929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7640929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B52FFE9FF56F8BEFAA6FE3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B52FFE9FF56F8BEFAA6FE3A" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B52FFE8FF56F8BEFDBAF8AE" box="[151,580,1863,1890]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56F8BEFDBAF8AE" blockId="68.[151,580,1863,1890]" box="[151,580,1863,1890]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B52FFE8FF56F8BEFDBAF8AE" bold="true" box="[151,580,1863,1890]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FF56F8BEFDBAF8AE" ID-CoL="874VM" authority="(Nutting, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,580,1863,1890]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Pseudothesea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56F8BEFDBAF8AE" bold="true" box="[151,580,1863,1890]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56F8BEFE81F8AD" bold="true" box="[151,383,1863,1890]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pseudothesea flava</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FE4EF8BEFDC5F8AE" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[399,571,1863,1889]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B52FFE9FF56F875FED7FF7E" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56F875FC84F86B" blockId="68.[151,890,1931,1956]" box="[151,890,1931,1956]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B52FFE8FF56F875FC84F86B" box="[151,890,1931,1956]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B52FFE8FF56F875FE04F86C" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,506,1931,1956]" page="53" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B52FFE8FF56F875FE04F86C" ID-CoL="857B9" authority="Nutting, 1910: 52 - 53" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="52 - 53" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,506,1931,1956]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B52FFE8FF56F875FEE6F86B" box="[151,280,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Thesea flava</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B52FFE8FEDFF875FE04F86C" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[286,506,1931,1956]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910: 52–53</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 8, fig. 1, 1a (Malay Archipelago).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B52FFE8FF56F82BFB09F823" blockId="68.[151,1271,2002,2028]" box="[151,1271,2002,2028]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region and its true identity is unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B53FFE9FF56FF6EFED7FF7E" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,249]" box="[151,297,151,177]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Justification:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B53FFE9FF06FF42FAA6FE3A" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B53FFE9FF06FF42FB84FF36" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,249]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FF06FF42FC5BFF1A" box="[199,933,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FC74FF42FAC0FF1A" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[949,1342,187,213]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George 1986: 102–103</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B53FFE9FAB8FF42FA69FF1A" box="[1401,1431,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
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, 1–4, z (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B53FFE9FF2BFF26FEE1FF36" box="[234,287,223,249]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FE72FF26FCF9FF36" author="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M." box="[435,775,223,249]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref108121" refString="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M. (1987) On five species of commercially important gorgonids new to Indian seas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 34, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & Jacob 1987: 21–23</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1 A, B, C (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B53FFE9FC76FF26FC12FF36" box="[951,1004,223,249]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B53FFE9FF06FEDEFAA6FE3A" blockId="69.[151,1437,295,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FF06FEDEFE67FE8E" box="[199,409,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B53FFE9FE66FEDEFDCAFE8E" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[423,564,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FE66FEDEFDCAFE8E" box="[423,564,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Thesea flava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B53FFE9FC9DFEDEFC08FE8E" authorityName="Kükenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[860,1014,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Pseudothesea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FC9DFEDEFC08FE8E" box="[860,1014,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Pseudothesea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FBDCFEDEFB1AFE8E" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[1053,1252,295,321]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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, but the sclerites of the species have never been figured and the true nature of Nutting’s specimens remain unknown.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FAE2FEB2FEC5FE46" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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retain the original name and cite
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B53FFE9FD73FE96FC75FE46" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[690,907,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Pseudothesea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FD73FE96FC75FE46" box="[690,907,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Pseudothesea flava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym, but the identity of their material is not recognisable.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FEBFFE6AFD6BFE62" author="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M." box="[382,661,403,429]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref108121" refString="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M. (1987) On five species of commercially important gorgonids new to Indian seas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 34, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & Jacob (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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deal with the same material as in the 1986 paper mentioned above and clearly describe a species of
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FDCEFE4EFD51FE1E" box="[527,687,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B53FFE9FDCEFE4EFD52FE1E" box="[527,684,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Echinogorgia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B53FFE9FCF5FE4EFC7DFE1E" box="[820,899,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FCF5FE4EFC7DFE1E" box="[820,899,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Thesea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs only in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FF56FE22FE47FE3A" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[151,441,475,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B53FFE9FE2EFE22FCDEFE3A" author="Venkataraman, K. & Jeyabaskaran, R. & Raghuram, K. P. & Alfred, J. R. B." box="[495,800,475,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 468" refId="ref109845" refString="Venkataraman, K., Jeyabaskaran, R., Raghuram, K. P. & Alfred, J. R. B. (2004) Bibliography and checklist of corals and coral reef associated organisms of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Kolkatta, Occasional Paper, 226, 1 - 468." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Venkataraman
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B53FFE9FD57FE22FD39FE3A" box="[662,711,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
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. (2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just listed the species under the old original name.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |