treatments-xml/data/03/88/B6/0388B6417B49FFCCFF56FAC3FD90FE46.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

166 lines
19 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="835E4750388452FB64D2E366240E06D8" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip &amp; Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B49FFCCFF56FAC3FD90FE46" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nicella laxa Whitelegge 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A91D86CC56A123B1D227DDF1D6417079" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="690F1E2E5A6068D3A7F60F4BF08DBF69">
<mods:title id="4A6E2DC4A469A34945AFA37A57715BDA">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1B3115DB90E772673638CD1CCC96294E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6CEFE15D989FD298129D1D81D34A0952">
<mods:roleTerm id="B01D6DC242066DF63CB3963FFEC64D62">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C178C5FA51063F047FA269782FF4F0AF">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B38E7F122424E0E4BE690B5E8CA901D2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5028-9058</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1CB726D576332BBEFAC34C8F867EDBC0" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="37F7FD96CBDD27402912B2671BCAAC83" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B58245E5AC8AF05C7831276099574F78">
<mods:roleTerm id="2E036DEC668AEAB9EE466B1987D9B034">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C9BD379C8685796F7E0A5EA41C4FC241">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D333CE085A86860C020F672776C2994B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5801-4681</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9AF26776D13B5001DDFDA60237155488" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="48A1AD15C63359E05FDDB2F273D55F59" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F382A261542ECD185DD0D9F3EB3E007C">
<mods:roleTerm id="A2EB2F9D16D1581DF6E19BD35AEA5052">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A585C3F25D5A5E1BCFC855B646D07600">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="043DBD11300C4AAE9EC880FD1C947A7C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5028-9058</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4426375B28BFF375BFFF2598C4D17CF" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="917F539BDD519AC4F5DDDBEE2445AA0D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="19561DCBC0F450B4FB901BD9B946CEDB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="53ADBF4D85EE9D7E49908D79E98C4F7F">
<mods:title id="56775922240FEC3F66B2A9521470A8D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5650319F5CE9AB0FEA5ABC627549E39C">
<mods:date id="44E09F7CDCB8DF25F6B36546AC3E76F8">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9413F63F85AC85578C10D28AE3E59E33" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D35BED0CD1976E863CD572F5EEFEE1F5">2023-02-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="828A423DE661D2ED938F65B92D989490" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A3FB8F6571C48A7A4F13FDCFC57BA825">5236</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4E155A7FA127B39D72D518F1BDA6949E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BA69728292B7952C0BC8DFF0D925FAE4">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="16E48E976CF8B35D7478C35BA1AD51BC" unit="page">
<mods:start id="ABE4F89FE27862E4D5372CBAEEB43026">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C027C4DE4761A0B5978369C859EBB84C">124</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="01DDB9E18711980A8600CC7D7E5C3D3A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="225D94F537F50B985CB7D7C493917CF6" type="CLB-Dataset">54753</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C03BC8DCC44ACA1C9F6C9635F27CAFC4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B1C92D841E8B71B3A633E53B56153C95" type="GBIF-Dataset">64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="403D58E5C0A40896F2AA945F35D419F0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EA068262C53A5D340A77B5BD6C8AC1E7" type="Zenodo-Dep">7639327</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D108E33EC299B2D045E761D87A3D26D1" type="ZooBank">796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0388B6417B49FFCCFF56FAC3FD90FE46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B49FFCCFF56FAC3FD90FE46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B49FFCCFF56FAC3FD90FE46" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B49FFF3FF56FAC3FDF8FA9B" box="[151,518,1338,1365]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B49FFF3FF56FAC3FDF8FA9B" blockId="95.[151,518,1338,1365]" box="[151,518,1338,1365]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<heading id="D0D6B03B7B49FFF3FF56FAC3FDF8FA9B" bold="true" box="[151,518,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B49FFF3FF56FAC3FDF8FA9B" ID-CoL="749RP" authority="Whitelegge, 1897" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,518,1338,1365]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FF56FAC3FDF8FA9B" bold="true" box="[151,518,1338,1365]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FF56FAC3FED7FA9A" bold="true" box="[151,297,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Nicella laxa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B49FFF3FEF1FAC3FDF8FA9B" author="Whitelegge, T." box="[304,518,1338,1364]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="307 - 320" refId="ref110659" refString="Whitelegge, T. (1897) The Alcyonaria of Funafuti. Part II. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 3 (5), 307 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.3.1897.498" type="journal article" year="1897">Whitelegge, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B49FFF3FF56FA86FC70FA10" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B49FFF3FF56FA86FCD1FA58" blockId="95.[151,815,1407,1431]" box="[151,815,1407,1431]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B49FFF3FF56FA86FCD1FA58" box="[151,815,1407,1431]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B49FFF3FF56FA86FDFCFA58" author="Whitelegge, T." box="[151,514,1407,1431]" page="318" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1897">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B49FFF3FF56FA86FDFCFA58" ID-CoL="749RP" authority="Whitelegge, 1897: 318" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityPageNumber="318" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,514,1407,1431]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FF56FA86FEEDFA58" box="[151,275,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Nicella laxa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B49FFF3FED9FA86FDFCFA58" author="Whitelegge, T." box="[280,514,1407,1431]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="307 - 320" refId="ref110659" refString="Whitelegge, T. (1897) The Alcyonaria of Funafuti. Part II. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 3 (5), 307 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.3.1897.498" type="journal article" year="1897">Whitelegge, 1897: 318</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 17, fig. 3033 (Funafuti).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B49FFF3FF56FA3CFC70FA10" blockId="95.[151,910,1477,1504]" box="[151,910,1477,1504]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B49FFCCFF56F9F4FD90FE46" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B49FFF3FF56F9F4FED7F9E8" blockId="95.[151,1436,1549,1648]" box="[151,297,1549,1575]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Justification:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B49FFF3FF06F9C8FC62F9A0" blockId="95.[151,1436,1549,1648]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FF06F9C8FC70F984" box="[199,910,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B49FFF3FC5DF9CBFB62F984" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. &amp; Raghunathan, C. &amp; Raghuraman, R. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Venkataraman, K." box="[924,1180,1585,1612]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Kumar
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FC2EF9CBFBE1F984" box="[1007,1055,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2014a: 32
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 13, fig.AD (Twin Islands);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B49FFF3FF3EF9ACFDDCF9A0" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[255,546,1621,1648]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FEAEF9AFFE5FF9A0" box="[367,417,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2017: 296
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 139, fig. AD (Twin Islands).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B49FFF3FF06F967FD1EF818" blockId="95.[151,1437,1693,2008]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FF06F967FE60F978" box="[199,414,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Literature analysis</emphasis>
: This species was established for a specimen from Funafuti in the Central West Pacific. It has been synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B49FFF3FE32F93BFCD6F914" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[499,808,1729,1756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FE32F93BFD19F914" box="[499,743,1729,1756]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scirpearia dichotoma</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B49FFF3FCA0F938FB87F914" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[865,1145,1729,1755]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B49FFF3FCA0F938FBC9F914" box="[865,1079,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Nicella mauritiana</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
, but is currently accepted as a valid species. Whitelegge only presented three rudimentary sclerites drawings, and as the
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B49FFF3FB07F91CFAD6F930" box="[1222,1320,1765,1791]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has never been redescribed, the exact details of the sclerites are unknown. But Whitelegge did record the double heads of the surface layer as being
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B49FFF3FE52F8D4FDC8F887" box="[403,566,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.06" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.05">0.050.07 mm</quantity>
long and the subsurface sclerites as “broad or narrow fusiform spindles, with rather obtusely pointed ends …some of which possess a transverse median constriction”, and as being
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B49FFF3FAFBF8A8FF3DF85F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.1">0.10.25 mm</quantity>
long.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B49FFF3FEC8F88CFE36F840" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[265,456,1909,1935]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff (1999)</bibRefCitation>
assigned material from
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B49FFF3FD17F88FFC7DF840" box="[726,899,1909,1936]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
to this species but recorded the surface sclerites as only
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B49FFF3FF2EF860FE6CF87B" box="[239,402,1945,1972]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.035" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.03">0.030.04 mm</quantity>
long and the subsurface as only
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B49FFF3FCC2F860FC58F87B" box="[771,934,1945,1972]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.07">0.070.09 mm</quantity>
long, and there is only the slightest hint of a median constriction in a few of the figured sclerites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B76FFCCFF06FF6EFD90FE46" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
The publications of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFE6DFF6EFD65FF7E" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. &amp; Raghunathan, C. &amp; Raghuraman, R. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Venkataraman, K." box="[428,667,151,177]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Kumar
<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFDC3FF6EFDC5FF7E" box="[514,571,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
(2014a)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFD12FF6EFC2CFF7E" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[723,978,151,177]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFC84FF6EFC81FF7E" box="[837,895,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
present identical accounts and state that there is a “subsurface layer of flattened rods or spindles generally without a distinct waist” that can be “two to four times the length of the double heads”. But their figure shows subsurface sclerites that are not flattened, that have a distinct waist, that are only about twice the length of the surface sclerites, and that just have a few girdles of tubercles, quite unlike those figured by Whitelegge. It seems much more likely the Indian material is a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B76FFCCFF56FEB2FEF2FEAA" box="[151,268,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF56FEB2FEF2FEAA" box="[151,268,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Verrucella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFEDAFEB2FE03FEAA" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. &amp; Raghunathan, C. &amp; Venkataraman, K." box="[283,509,330,357]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. &amp; Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. &amp; Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
Kumar
<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFEB0FEB2FE54FEAA" box="[369,426,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
just lists the species and figure the colony from the 2014 and 2017 papers above.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B76FFCCFF56FE96FE7CFE46" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. &amp; Geetha, S. &amp; Raghunathan, C. &amp; Sornaraj, R." box="[151,386,367,393]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref103354" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. &amp; Sornaraj, R. (2018 a) Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it's adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47, 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2018">
Kumar
<emphasis id="B955DB457B76FFCCFF2DFE96FEE3FE46" box="[236,285,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al</emphasis>
. (2018a)
</bibRefCitation>
just lists the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>