136 lines
15 KiB
XML
136 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="098FE448E100126A4749BE1B32EED48C">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E878685AB4E227598C6E9494E0564E6A">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C84F6FCDA8C356A672DF618A554A8318">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E54D4ACDE4C8AAA0EFB3A387CC72BED">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="62BD34474DF64733E2DBFD4A277B8176">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6A18FEBAF8CAF68127907567F721257">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F137CD11633EEDA049F3C57EA297E4B2">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4ECCCA3B24CC1385641125032443D903">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B2CFF97FF56F8DEFD86FDF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7640919" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7640919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B2CFF97FF56F8DEFD86FDF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B2CFF97FF56F8DEFD86FDF2" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B2CFF96FF56F8DEFDAEF88D" box="[151,592,1831,1858]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B2CFF96FF56F8DEFDAEF88D" blockId="58.[151,592,1831,1858]" box="[151,592,1831,1858]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B2CFF96FF56F8DEFDAEF88D" bold="true" box="[151,592,1831,1858]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B2CFF96FF56F8DEFDAEF88D" ID-CoL="3CVGC" authority="Kukenthal, 1908" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,592,1831,1858]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2CFF96FF56F8DEFDAEF88D" bold="true" box="[151,592,1831,1858]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2CFF96FF56F8DEFE87F88D" bold="true" box="[151,377,1831,1858]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euplexaura albida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2CFF96FE41F8D1FDAEF88D" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[384,592,1832,1858]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref103095" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1908) Diagnosen neuer Gorgoniden (4. Mitteilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33 (1), 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1908">Kükenthal, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B2CFF97FF56F895FED7FF7E" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B2CFF96FF56F895FBB2F84B" blockId="58.[151,1100,1900,1925]" box="[151,1100,1900,1925]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B2CFF96FF56F895FBB2F84B" box="[151,1100,1900,1925]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B2CFF96FF56F895FD50F84B" ID-CoL="3CVGC" authority="Kukenthal, 1908: 495" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="495" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,686,1900,1925]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B2CFF96FF56F895FDC9F84B" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,567,1900,1925]" page="495" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" year="1908">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2CFF96FF56F895FEABF84B" box="[151,341,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euplexaura albida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2CFF96FE9AF895FDC9F84B" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[347,567,1900,1925]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref103095" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1908) Diagnosen neuer Gorgoniden (4. Mitteilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33 (1), 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1908">Kükenthal, 1908: 495</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B2CFF96FD85F895FD59F84B" box="[580,679,1900,1924]" name="Australia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Australia</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B2CFF96FD79F895FC7DF84A" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[696,899,1900,1925]" page="87" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2CFF96FD79F895FC7DF84A" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[696,899,1900,1925]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref103145" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1910) Alcyonaria. 1. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise, 3 (1), 1 - 108. [1905]" type="journal article" year="1910">Kükenthal 1910: 87</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 56, pl. 1 fig. 7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B2CFF96FF56F84AFC70F802" blockId="58.[151,910,1971,1997]" box="[151,910,1971,1997]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B2DFF97FF56FF6EFED7FF7E" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,249]" box="[151,297,151,177]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Justification:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B2DFF97FF06FF42FD86FDF2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B2DFF97FF06FF42FD34FF36" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2DFF97FF06FF42FC66FF1A" box="[199,920,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2DFF97FC66FF42FB82FF1A" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[935,1148,187,213]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 38</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 16, fig. 1–1d (Uvari);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2DFF97FF56FF26FE53FF36" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[151,429,223,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2DFF97FEC9FF26FEC7FF36" box="[264,313,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 74
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 30, fig. 1–1e (Uvari).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B2DFF97FF06FEDEFD86FDF2" blockId="59.[151,1437,295,573]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2DFF97FF06FEDEFE65FE8E" box="[199,411,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The accounts of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2DFF97FDA2FEDEFCE0FE8E" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[611,798,295,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B2DFF97FC95FEDEFBB1FE8E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[852,1103,295,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2DFF97FC04FEDEFC00FE8E" box="[965,1022,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical but it is difficult to assign a genus to their material without a more detailed description. The colony does not seem to match the characteristic form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B2DFF97FE55FE96FDE9FE46" box="[404,535,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2DFF97FE55FE96FDE9FE46" box="[404,535,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Euplexaura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and neither do the illustrated sclerites, which include large, thick spindles and girdled spindles with a distinct waist, both of which can have ornamentation more developed on one side than the other, and also long, slender rather smooth polyp sclerites. The material is quite different from the Australian material described by Kükenthal in which the coenchymal sclerites are mostly oval forms about
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B2DFF97FB09FE22FAD2FE3A" box="[1224,1324,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
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long with a slight waist as compared to having slender spindles
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B2DFF97FD2AFE06FCB1FDD6" box="[747,847,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
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long and ellipsoid spindles
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B2DFF97FB44FE06FB24FDD6" box="[1157,1242,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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long, and it quite possibly belongs to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B2DFF97FE29FDDAFD8FFDF3" box="[488,625,547,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B2DFF97FE29FDDAFD8FFDF3" box="[488,625,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |