144 lines
15 KiB
XML
144 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="50B9CA022D13BA48B5DF7240B73FC67A">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED469BFA51C65508783380EAEC244FE2">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BFEC20E1D5C7AF39B71BB4959762840">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBB88B2660C12AC67049248B077A73D9">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="908940DFF09BC835ABBEDAB423847F5F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D605A3317802FE3ABFBDF5E8F554B5B7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9DC11422A907536C976F0482C32A9E28">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D2222769B25342C30237011FC17BA6E3">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B02FFB8FF56FE23FBF1FBEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639341" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B02FFB8FF56FE23FBF1FBEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B02FFB8FF56FE23FBF1FBEA" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B02FFB8FF56FE23FBFCFE3B" box="[151,1026,474,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF56FE23FBFCFE3B" blockId="20.[151,1026,474,501]" box="[151,1026,474,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B02FFB8FF56FE23FBFCFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,1026,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FF56FE23FBFCFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,1026,474,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B02FFB8FF56FE23FD3EFE3B" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,704,474,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pambanensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FF56FE23FE08FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,502,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Erythropodium pambanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FE3FFE22FD3EFE3B" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[510,704,474,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(species status uncertain)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B02FFB8FF56FDE6FE80FD99" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF56FDE6FE80FD99" blockId="20.[151,1436,543,598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B02FFB8FF56FDE6FD49FDF8" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,695,543,567]" page="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B02FFB8FF56FDE6FD49FDF8" authority="Fernando, 2011: 17 - 18" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="17 - 18" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,695,543,567]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pambanensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FF56FDE6FE43FDF8" box="[151,445,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Erythropodium pambanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FE07FDE6FD49FDF8" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[454,695,543,567]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011: 17–18</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 2, figs. 1a–1f (Pamban);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B02FFB8FC2BFDE6FB13FDF8" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1002,1261,543,567]" page="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FC2BFDE6FB13FDF8" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1002,1261,543,567]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FB92FDD9FB7FFDF8" box="[1107,1153,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 15
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 2, fig. 1a–1f (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B02FFB8FF0FFDC7FF00FD99" box="[206,254,574,598]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of Mannar).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B02FFB8FF56FD86FED7FD2E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF56FD86FBBDFD56" blockId="20.[151,1091,639,665]" box="[151,1091,639,665]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Opinion: This species does occur in the region but appears to be wrongly identified.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF56FD3EFED7FD2E" blockId="20.[151,1436,711,1061]" box="[151,297,711,737]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Justification:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B02FFB8FF06FD12FBF1FBEA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF06FD12FE5CFCCA" blockId="20.[151,1436,711,1061]" box="[199,418,747,773]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FF06FD12FE65FCCA" box="[199,411,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF06FCF6FE97FC5A" blockId="20.[151,1436,711,1061]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The descriptions of the Indian material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FD6DFCF6FC99FCE6" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[684,871,783,809]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FC61FCF6FB60FCE6" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[928,1182,783,809]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FBD3FCF6FBBAFCE6" box="[1042,1092,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical but quite possibly represent a new genus. The authors state that “The present is the only tropical Indo-Pacific species {of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B02FFB8FF56FCAEFEBFFCBE" box="[151,321,855,881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FF56FCAEFEBFFCBE" box="[151,321,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Erythropodium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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} known to be reported so far” but an unidentified species was reported from
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B02FFB8FB7BFCAEFB17FCBE" box="[1210,1257,855,881]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bali</collectingRegion>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FAD7FCAEFE9BFC5A" author="Fabricius, K. & Alderslade, P." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100657" refString="Fabricius, K. & Alderslade, P. (2001) Soft corals and sea fans: a comprehensive guide to the tropical shallow-water genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland, 262 pp." type="book" year="2001">Fabricius & Alderslade (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B02FFB8FF06FC66FBF1FBEA" blockId="20.[151,1436,711,1061]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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A description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B02FFB8FE4FFC66FD2AFC76" box="[398,724,927,953]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caribaeorum">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FE4FFC66FD2AFC76" box="[398,724,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Erythropodium caribaeorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FC45FC66FB8EFC76" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[900,1136,926,953]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref98723" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1961) The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 12 (1), 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="1961">Bayer (1961: 75–76</bibRefCitation>
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: figs. 16 e–g) and clearly shows the form of the characteristic 6-radiate sclerites. The figures of the sclerites provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FB75FC3AFA90FC12" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[1204,1390,963,989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B02FFB8FF56FC1EFE6FFBCE" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[151,401,999,1025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B02FFB8FEC9FC1EFEC7FBCE" box="[264,313,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are so small it is hard to see the details, but at least some of them appear to be 8 radiates and others quite irregularly branched, indicating the genus is probably undescribed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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