treatments-xml/data/03/A6/E9/03A6E95BFFA6FFC6E37F134EDF39FC8E.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

237 lines
24 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="DE439D3AFD70E6B58B03C28F33E52EB9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157582" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2776005-80ee-41fa-b03a-25131fcb996e" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157582" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461013824471" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reeves, Will K., Adler, Peter H., Grogan, William L. &amp; Super, Paul E." docDate="2004" docId="03A6E95BFFA6FFC6E37F134EDF39FC8E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00483.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 483" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oestridae" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF9F9123FFB0FFD1E277111FDC27FF98" masterDocTitle="Hematophagous and Parasitic Diptera (Insecta) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698568383469" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="9C3BB1581735BF534131C061BE9AC0EA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="37BFD3575F55472A5ADFA2BDFDE787F2">
<mods:title id="27875C113406224077AAA5039CFDEB6E">Hematophagous and Parasitic Diptera (Insecta) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DA0AC5CDAD59F869FC9CA95ECDB401E9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2A36B051681AF27B6A0F1BC82D56033E">
<mods:roleTerm id="1B9E518B7897AD4222F4098E45754958">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3CCD82F5C082B7AFBCBA6D8F13F8999">Reeves, Will K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="91A8CFF51C978431A6E169F3E0E72987" type="personal">
<mods:role id="97132958A13687487A885A644DF49182">
<mods:roleTerm id="142F20E94FD2560F1D6E3003B49428A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="46E9E4AFBD85FA195C42649F0F56351E">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6CC1802525D158CFCB4468EFA3D53476" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F7F949C0C71B7E65DD86C3D6E83B5FD7">
<mods:roleTerm id="3483C7190FD91F32CAE1012F6AB2F821">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FC71BF24BD3A5A86F4EEFBB5ED17A643">Grogan, William L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A6BEFC12A9313E8E7A8C3BB61894B46C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0EA410C00B3048DA50C3DAA645F424CE">
<mods:roleTerm id="6CE34FD45BFA238D86F999C6D8C9B321">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BFA604F1E2582B6453E3A05F94C59E27">Super, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A8F6EA932B9ADEF6279EA46C25DAAEC0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FED5C992583033FC46CF1689CD035275" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C37D294C31BDF37761C4489DC4BDC771">
<mods:title id="DF5FF9F07581A9F931F26C9179AA484E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C1D62C889AE76D796745B6FA24D2DE40">
<mods:date id="00B43E99A3A0B664161DE79FAE7F006F">2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2A0BD9852F9DCDEC65FEF83201B76F96" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3EF2C81424BEDFAC7833B7AA21B3CD3A">483</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B911AEB9B72091285CFDA71063F645FF" unit="page">
<mods:start id="903F257F844D1DDE750C82B72AD246FE">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="70800CC1C0BF5AC1CC5781275D7C9E27">44</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="341F38082C7BB06AD28E7739A40B95F8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C0C3D4B5A0B70F6854BFBF261EEE952A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157582</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="99B444588DC11E5AC2F2F693EACB8B1E" type="GBIF-Dataset">f2776005-80ee-41fa-b03a-25131fcb996e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D4AF7CDAADAF65D29BC265CB42CAFA1C" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A1FA62D485830A224F4728C07CAFC0B3" type="Zenodo-Dep">157582</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="439FFCBB0BC2B79C09C9007F6B64DBDA" type="ZooBank">21B79402-B2DD-44D9-8A17-76E64785DE9C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A6E95BFFA6FFC6E37F134EDF39FC8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6E95BFFA6FFC6E37F134EDF39FC8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6E95BFFA6FFC6E37F134EDF39FC8E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C3150BC6FFA6FFC7E37F134EDE49FD2E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E37F134EDDC6FDF3" blockId="22.[264,481,593,619]" box="[264,481,593,619]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0F8EF21FFA6FFC7E37F134EDDC6FDF3" bold="true" box="[264,481,593,619]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E37F134EDDC6FDF3" bold="true" box="[264,481,593,619]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E310134EDDC6FDF3" ID-CoL="DJR" ID-ENA="7387" box="[359,481,593,619]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oestridae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E37F1383DE49FD2E" blockId="22.[264,1324,668,1014]" box="[264,622,668,694]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E37F1383DE49FD2E" authority="Clark" authorityName="Clark" box="[264,622,668,694]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cephenemyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phobifer">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E37F1383DE35FD2D" box="[264,530,668,693]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cephenemyia phobifer</emphasis>
(Clark)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3150BC6FFA6FFC7E34F13DBD90CFD46" box="[312,1323,708,734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F13DBD90CFD46" blockId="22.[264,1324,668,1014]" box="[312,1323,708,734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Collection: North
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E07A13DBD829FD46" authority="Haywood Co., Cataloochee, 1995" authorityName="Haywood Co., Cataloochee" authorityYear="1995" box="[525,1038,708,734]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina, Haywood Co., Cataloochee, 1995</taxonomicName>
, ex deer, coll. unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3150BC6FFA6FFC7E34F13F3DE48FBDE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F13F3DF38FC6E" blockId="22.[264,1324,668,1014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E34F13F3DE62FC9D" ID-CoL="SF4F" box="[312,581,748,773]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cephenemyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phobifer">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E34F13F3DE62FC9D" box="[312,581,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cephenemyia phobifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a nasal/pharyngeal bot of deer. The single Park collection was made from a road­killed deer. This oestrid ranges throughout North
<collectingCountry id="F31818DDFFA6FFC7E615120BD8E0FCB6" box="[1122,1223,788,814]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA6FFC7E6A0120BDD54FCCE" author="Papavero" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" refString="Papavero, N. (1977) The World Oestridae (Diptera), Mammals and Continental Drift. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, 240 pp." type="book" year="1977">Papavero 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and is probably widespread in the Park. Bennett (1962) reported that approximately 62% of wild deer can be infected.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E174127BD828FCE5" ID-CoL="SF4F" box="[771,1039,868,893]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cephenemyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phobifer">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E174127BD828FCE5" box="[771,1039,868,893]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cephenemyia phobifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develops in moose and deer but not elk (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA6FFC7E3AF1293DF33FC3E" author="Bennett" box="[472,788,908,934]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Bennett, G. F. &amp; Sabrosky, C. W. (1962) The Nearctic species of the genus Cephenemyia (Diptera: Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 431 - 448." type="journal article" year="1962">Bennett &amp; Sabrosky 1962</bibRefCitation>
), so it should not infect the Park elk herd in Cataloochee. Specimens reportedly were stored in the University of Tennessee collection; the museum container was labeled but empty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E37F1533DE48FBDE" blockId="22.[264,1323,1068,1334]" box="[264,623,1068,1094]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E37F1533DE48FBDE" ID-CoL="32MLQ" authority="Swenk" authorityName="Swenk" box="[264,623,1068,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E37F1533DE3FFBDD" box="[264,536,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cuterebra abdominalis</emphasis>
Swenk
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3150BC6FFA6FFC6E34F154BDF39FC8E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F154BD8E9FBF6" blockId="22.[264,1323,1068,1334]" box="[312,1230,1108,1134]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Collection: North
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E07A154BDEDBFBF6" authority="Swain Co." authorityName="Swain Co." box="[525,764,1108,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina, Swain Co.</taxonomicName>
near Bryson City, July (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA6FFC7E66E154BD8E6FBF6" author="Brimley" box="[1049,1217,1108,1134]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Brimley, C. S. (1938) The Insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, 560 pp." type="book" year="1938">Brimley 1938</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F1563DE96FAAE" blockId="22.[264,1323,1068,1334]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA6FFC7E34F1563DDD2FB0E" author="Brimley" box="[312,501,1148,1174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Brimley, C. S. (1938) The Insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, 560 pp." type="book" year="1938">Brimley (1938)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E0061563DF0CFB0D" box="[625,811,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E0061563DF0CFB0D" box="[625,811,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. abdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E11E1563DFD6FB0D" box="[873,1009,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculi">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E11E1563DFD6FB0D" box="[873,1009,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cuniculi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from near Bryson City.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA6FFC7E37F15BBDDE8FB26" author="Sabrosky" box="[264,463,1188,1214]" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1986) North American Species of Cuterebra, the Rabbit and Rodent Bot Flies (Diptera: Cuterebridae). Thomas Say Monograph. Vol. 11. Entomological Society of America, College Park, USA, 240 pp." type="book" year="1986">Sabrosky (1986)</bibRefCitation>
later determined that
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E09415BBDF4FFB25" box="[739,872,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculi">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E09415BBDF4FFB25" box="[739,872,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. cuniculi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to Florida and southern
<collectingCountry id="F31818DDFFA6FFC7E37F15D3DD4DFB7E" box="[264,362,1228,1254]" name="Georgia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Georgia</collectingCountry>
. The reported collection might represent a Park record because most collection data at the time were reported from the nearest city. Regardless of the exact collection site, this bot probably occurs in the Park.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E37F1473DE4BFA1E" blockId="22.[264,1325,1388,1614]" box="[264,620,1388,1414]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E37F1473DE4BFA1E" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[264,620,1388,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccata">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E37F1473DDC4FA1D" box="[264,483,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cuterebra buccata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F148BDD79FA4E" blockId="22.[264,1325,1388,1614]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Collection: Tennessee, Blount Co., Cades Cove near Abrams Creek,
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA6FFC7E629148BD8CAFA36" box="[1118,1261,1428,1454]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1959-06-06">6 June 1959</date>
, coll. Muller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F14FBDECDF9D6" blockId="22.[264,1325,1388,1614]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E34F14FBDE34FA65" box="[312,531,1508,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccata">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E34F14FBDE34FA65" box="[312,531,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cuterebra buccata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rabbit (
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E0EB14FBDF33FA65" box="[668,788,1508,1533]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E0EB14FBDF33FA65" box="[668,788,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sylvilagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) parasite, but the only specimen taken in the Park was an adult.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA6FFC7E0531713DEE8F9BE" author="Linzey" box="[548,719,1548,1574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Linzey, D. W. (1995) Mammals of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park- 1995 update. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 111, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1995">Linzey (1995)</bibRefCitation>
did not report any larval
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E6781713D8A0F9BD" box="[1039,1159,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E6781713D8A0F9BD" box="[1039,1159,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cuterebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E37F172BDE7BF9D6" authority="Allen" authorityName="Allen" box="[264,604,1588,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridanus">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E37F172BDE26F9D5" box="[264,513,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sylvilagus floridanus</emphasis>
(Allen)
</taxonomicName>
in the Park.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E37F179BDE18F906" blockId="22.[264,1325,1668,1894]" box="[264,575,1668,1694]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E37F179BDE18F906" authority="Clark" authorityName="Clark" box="[264,575,1668,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontinella">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA6FFC7E37F179BDDD0F905" box="[264,503,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cuterebra fontinella</emphasis>
Clark
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA6FFC7E34F17B3D90AF8FE" blockId="22.[264,1325,1668,1894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Collections: North
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA6FFC7E05817B3DFF3F95E" authority="Swain Co. Indian Gap" authorityName="Swain Co. Indian Gap" box="[559,980,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina, Swain Co. Indian Gap</taxonomicName>
(1672 meters,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B3E8AFFA6FFC7E6D217B3D90FF95E" box="[1189,1320,1708,1734]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="35.6109">35.6109°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B3E8AFFA6FFC7E37F17CBDDB3F976" box="[264,404,1748,1774]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-83.4435">83.4435°W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA6FFC7E3DE17CBDE41F976" box="[425,614,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2001-10-01">1 October 2001</date>
,
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA6FFC7E00217CBDF0EF976" box="[629,809,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2002-08-03">3 August 2002</date>
, ex red­backed vole, coll. K. Walters; Tennessee, Cocke Co., Snakeden Ridge (993 meters,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B3E8AFFA6FFC7E10317E3DFDFF88E" box="[884,1016,1788,1814]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="35.7434">35.7434°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B3E8AFFA6FFC7E67E17E3D8B2F88E" box="[1033,1173,1788,1814]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-83.2198">83.2198°W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA6FFC7E6D917E3DD61F8A6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2002-08-26">26 August 2002</date>
, ex deer mouse, coll. K. Walters; Sevier Co., Twin Creeks,
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA6FFC7E675163BD8EDF8A6" box="[1026,1226,1828,1854]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1999-10-19">19 October 1999</date>
, ex deer mouse, coll. E. Pivorun; Chimney Tops trailhead,
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA6FFC7E12D1653D82AF8FE" box="[858,1037,1868,1894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2002-08-03">3 August 2002</date>
, ex deer mouse, coll. K.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E37F1003DE93FEC6" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Walters; Clingmans Dome (2025 meters,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B3E8AFFA7FFC6E1721003DFAFFEAE" box="[773,904,284,310]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="35.5628">35.5628°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B3E8AFFA7FFC6E1E01003D805FEAE" box="[919,1058,284,310]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="-83.4986">83.4986°W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA7FFC6E64E1003D901FEAE" box="[1081,1318,284,310]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2002-09-21">21 September 2002</date>
, ex red­backed vole, coll. K. Walters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E34F1073DD73FDD6" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Morphological, behavioral, and molecular studies are needed to determine the validity of this species, which
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E07E108BDEEDFE36" author="Sabrosky" box="[521,714,404,430]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1986) North American Species of Cuterebra, the Rabbit and Rodent Bot Flies (Diptera: Cuterebridae). Thomas Say Monograph. Vol. 11. Entomological Society of America, College Park, USA, 240 pp." type="book" year="1986">Sabrosky (1986)</bibRefCitation>
considered a subspecies,
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E181108BDD65FE4D" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fontinella" subSpecies="fontinella">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E181108BDD65FE4D" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cuterebra fontinella fontinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E32510A3DE65FE4D" box="[338,578,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontinella">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E32510A3DE65FE4D" box="[338,578,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cuterebra fontinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the most commonly collected bot in small rodent surveys, but this trend represents a bias against squirrels and rabbits, which harbor other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E37F1313DD58FDBD" box="[264,383,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E37F1313DD58FDBD" box="[264,383,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cuterebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E3E61313DE2FFDBD" box="[401,520,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Cuterebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E3E61313DE2FFDBD" box="[401,520,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cuterebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infestations can increase predation and mortality of mice (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E25BCFFA7FFC6E6A71313DD60FDD6" author="Wecker" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" refString="Wecker, S. C. (1962) The effects of bot fly parasitism on a local population of the white-footed mouse. Ecology, 43, 561 - 565." type="journal article" year="1962">Wecker 1962</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E37F139BDEB9FD06" blockId="23.[264,1323,644,790]" box="[264,670,644,670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E37F139BDEB9FD06" authority="DeGeer" authorityName="DeGeer" box="[264,670,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
<emphasis id="B97B845FFFA7FFC6E37F139BDE0FFD05" box="[264,552,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gastrophilus intestinalis</emphasis>
(DeGeer)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0584DFFA7FFC6E34F13B3DF39FC8E" blockId="23.[264,1323,644,790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Collection: North
<taxonomicName id="4C0F23CEFFA7FFC6E07A13B3DFBEFD5E" authority="Swain Co., Deep Creek" authorityName="Swain Co., Deep Creek" box="[525,921,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina, Swain Co., Deep Creek</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFB17E8DFFA7FFC6E1D213B3D813FD5E" box="[933,1076,684,710]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-06-01">1 June 2001</date>
, ex horse. The horse stable at Deep Creek is adjacent to the Park boundary, and gastric bots probably stray into the Park from nearby pastures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>