treatments-xml/data/93/09/EE/9309EE74C57D6F4CFF10FB25B90E70C8.xml

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<mods:title id="BB45AAEE08865A8DFCD8704AC19E8160">Review of the batfish genus Halicmetus Alcock, 1891 from Australian waters, with descriptions of two new species (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57D6F4FFF10FB25BD2177A9" blockId="1.[151,382,1194,1221]" box="[151,382,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<heading id="4057E80EC57D6F4FFF10FB25BD2177A9" bold="true" box="[151,382,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFF10FB25BD2177A9" ID-CoL="4SQG" ID-ENA="1592452" authority="Alcock" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,382,1194,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF10FB25BD2177A9" bold="true" box="[151,382,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF10FB25BD7D77A8" bold="true" box="[151,290,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Halicmetus</emphasis>
Alcock
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="53BA0CE9C57D6F4FFF10FB7EBEF4764A" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57D6F4FFF10FB7EB871766B" blockId="1.[151,1070,1265,1318]" box="[151,1070,1265,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
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<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFF10FB7EBDE3766B" ID-CoL="4SQG" authority="Alcock, 1891: 27" authorityName="Alcock" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,444,1265,1287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF10FB7EBD55766B" box="[151,266,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Halicmetus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9A017973C57D6F4FFE97FB7EBDE3766B" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[272,444,1265,1287]" page="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57D6F4FFE97FB7EBDC3766B" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[272,412,1265,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" pagination="16 - 34" refId="ref10699" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1891) Class Pisces. In: II. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Series II. No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (43 / 44), pp. 16 - 34 + 119 - 138, pls. 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1891">Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
:27
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="C41BE1C0C57D6F4FFE41FB7DBDA7766B" box="[454,504,1266,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFDD2FB7EBFC7766B" ID-CoL="6L9JX" authority="Alcock, 1891" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[597,920,1265,1287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFDD2FB7EBF59766B" box="[597,774,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Halicmetus ruber</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57D6F4FFC8AFB7EBFC7766B" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[781,920,1265,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" pagination="16 - 34" refId="ref10699" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1891) Class Pisces. In: II. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Series II. No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (43 / 44), pp. 16 - 34 + 119 - 138, pls. 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1891">Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57D6F4FFF10FA9FBEF4764A" blockId="1.[151,1070,1265,1318]" box="[151,683,1296,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3BB0784CC57D6F4FFF10FA9FBEF4764A" box="[151,683,1296,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFF10FA9FBE47764A" authority=": Lindberg et al., 1997: 232" authorityName="Lindberg" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,536,1296,1318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF10FA9FBD56764A" box="[151,265,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Halicmetes</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="9A017973C57D6F4FFE91FA9FBE47764A" author="Lindberg, G. U. &amp; Fedorov, V. V. &amp; Krasyukova, Z. V." box="[278,536,1296,1318]" page="232" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57D6F4FFE91FA9FBDB3764A" author="Lindberg, G. U. &amp; Fedorov, V. V. &amp; Krasyukova, Z. V." box="[278,492,1296,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 350" refId="ref11356" refString="Lindberg, G. U., Fedorov, V. V. &amp; Krasyukova, Z. V. (1997) Fishes of the Sea of Japan and the adjacent parts of the Sea of Okhotsk and Yellow Sea. Part 7. Teleostomi. Actinopterygii. Osteichthyes. XXXII. Dactylopteriformes-XXXVII. Pegasiformes. (CCII. Fam Dactylopteridae-CCXIX. Fam. Pegasidae). Handbook on the Identification of Animals, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy, 168, 1 - 350." type="journal article" year="1997">
Lindberg 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFEFEFA9EBDF3764A" box="[377,428,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997
</bibRefCitation>
:232
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(misspelling).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53BA0CE9C57D6F4FFF10FADDBE30750B" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57D6F4FFF10FADDBE30750B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF10FADDBD4E7607" bold="true" box="[151,273,1362,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head strongly depressed; anterior margin of disk truncate to broadly rounded; rostrum extending anteriorly to or slightly beyond mouth and anterior margin of disk; mouth small; dorsal fin present or absent, if present, minute in size; entire body covered with small bucklers and small dermal tubercles; subopercular buckler moderately developed, usually bearing some short terminal spinules; gill filaments present on 2nd and 3rd gill arches, absent from fourth gill arch; gill rakers present on first to third gill arches; 3–4 gill rakers on outer side of 2nd gill arch; esca triangular and bulbous, fringed on its lower margin and usually bearing a pair of dorsal cirri; teeth on vomer and palate forming three closely adjacent quadrangular patches; tongue teeth (5th ceratobranchial) in two closely attached elongated patches.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="53BA0CE9C57D6F4FFF40F9FDB81C75BF" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57D6F4FFF40F9FDB81C75BF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF40F9FDBD6475E7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1650,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Remarks.</emphasis>
The taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFDE7F9FDB82775E7" authority="Weber, 1913" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[608,1144,1650,1675]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="ruber" variety="marmorata">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFDE7F9FDBF7975E7" box="[608,806,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Halicmetus ruber</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFCE5F9FBBFBF75E7" box="[866,992,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">marmorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57D6F4FFC6FF9FDB82775E7" author="Weber, M." box="[1000,1144,1650,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" refId="ref11564" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 710 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="1913">Weber, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has long been a mystery. Weber described 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFEDCF918BD8675C2" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[347,473,1687,1710]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFEDCF918BD8675C2" box="[347,473,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new variation of 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFD5EF918BF6675C3" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[729,825,1686,1711]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFD5EF918BF6675C3" box="[729,825,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">H. ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on 
<specimenCount id="0DA694EBC57D6F4FFC32F919B87175C3" box="[949,1070,1686,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">5 syntypes</specimenCount>
collected from the Madura Sea, 
<collectingCountry id="63B71FF2C57D6F4FFF10F935BD5775BF" box="[151,264,1722,1747]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. The translation of 
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57D6F4FFE67F935BE9975BF" author="Weber, M." box="[480,710,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" refId="ref11564" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 710 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="1913">Weber’s (1913: 567)</bibRefCitation>
original description is as follows:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57D6F4FFF40F951BECB749F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57D6F4FFF40F951BECB749F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="180">
Alcock’s 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFEACF950BDD4759B" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[299,395,1758,1783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">H. ruber</taxonomicName>
is described as “uniform light pink” in life, whereas my specimens show several irregularly shaped, brown speckles all over the surface, which often merge into even larger blotches. Moreover the eyes are rather smaller as in 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57D6F4FFE05F8A8BDBA7453" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[386,485,1830,1855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">H. ruber</taxonomicName>
. The diameter is about one-seventh of the disc and approximately about as wide as half of its anterior distance to one another. The mouth is slightly longer than the eye diameter. But in my specimens the eye diameter is almost one-eighth of the disc’s length, therefore being as long as the anterior distance to one another and only about half as long as the mouth opening. Since my specimens otherwise resemble all other factors in the description of Alcock, I would like to see my specimens only as local variation of the same species, possibly confined to the Indo–Australian Archipelago.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57E6F4CFF40FF18B9187270" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
According to Article 45.5.4 of The Code (ICZN, 2018, online version), a taxon “is subspecific if first published before 1961 and its author expressly used one of the terms “variety” or “form” (including use of the terms “var.”, “forma”, “v.” and “f.”)…”. 
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFE65FF50BEDE7394" author="Weber, M." box="[482,641,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" refId="ref11564" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 710 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="1913">Weber (1913)</bibRefCitation>
treated his specimens as a local variation of 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFB20FF6EB9527394" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[1191,1293,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB20FF6EB9527394" box="[1191,1293,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and gave a distribution range of Indo–Australian Archipelago, thus qualifying 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFC00FE8AB85A7270" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[903,1029,261,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFC00FE8AB85A7270" box="[903,1029,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid subspecific name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57E6F4CFF40FEA8BD9472C0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
Weber and de 
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFEF5FEA8BE74722C" author="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, L. F." box="[370,555,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 481" refId="ref11591" refString="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, L. F. (1962) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. XI. Scleroparei, Hypostomides, Pediculati, Plectognathi, Opisthomi, Discocephali, Xenopterygii, 11, 1 - 481." type="journal article" year="1962">Beaufort (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, evidently by de Beaufort, synonymized it with 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFBE5FEA6B8A0722C" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe in Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[1122,1279,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFBE5FEA6B8A0722C" box="[1122,1279,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the colouration. 
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFEA3FEC3BD807209" author="Bradbury, M. G." box="[292,479,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="399 - 422" refId="ref10862" refString="Bradbury, M. G. (1967) The genera of batfishes. Copeia, 1967 (2), 399 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442130" type="journal article" year="1967">Bradbury (1967)</bibRefCitation>
initially considered the taxon to be a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFB8BFEC2B8347209" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[1036,1131,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB8BFEC2B8347209" box="[1036,1131,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but later (
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFB64FEC3B9CA7208" author="Bradbury, M. G." box="[1251,1429,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref10949" refString="Bradbury, M. G. (2003) Family Ogcocephalidae Jordan 1895 - batfishes. California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes, 17, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2003">Bradbury, 2003</bibRefCitation>
) listed it as an 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFEB7FEFEBD9472E4" box="[304,459,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">incertae sedis</emphasis>
in the 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFD90FEE0BFB572E4" authority="(Eschmeyer et al., 2018)" authorityName="Eschmeyer" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Eschmeyer" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[535,1002,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Ogcocephalidae (
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFD5DFEE0BFBD72E4" author="Eschmeyer, W. N. &amp; Fricke, R. &amp; van der Laan, R." box="[730,994,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" refId="ref11011" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R. &amp; van der Laan, R. (2018) Catalog of fishes: genera, species, reference. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 10 October 2018)" type="url" year="2018">
Eschmeyer 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFCD8FEFEBFC872E4" box="[863,919,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFC73FEFFB8F872E4" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K." box="[1012,1191,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="767 - 773" refId="ref11109" refString="Ho, H. - C., Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K. (2008) A new species of Halicmetus (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the western Pacific, with comments on congeners. Zoological Studies, 47 (6), 767 - 773." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ho 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB9AFEFEB80A72E4" box="[1053,1109,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
also treated the taxon as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFEE2FE1ABD9A72C1" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[357,453,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFEE2FE1ABD9A72C1" box="[357,453,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57E6F4CFF40FE37BF4D71C4" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
In 
<date id="6F1E79A2C57E6F4CFF6EFE38BDC472BC" box="[233,411,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" value="2006" valueMax="2013">2006 and 2013</date>
, the first author examined the 
<typeStatus id="C41BE1C0C57E6F4CFC80FE37BF3672BC" box="[775,873,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
at the Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam (ZMA) confirming characters described by Weber, except for the types being colourless. These specimens are similar to 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFA06FE52BD517174" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe in Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFA06FE52BD517174" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the shared presence of a dorsal fin, simple dermal spinules on the body surface, a small eye and pale peritoneal membrane with scattered melanophores [specimens not dissected, but the colouration still detectable through the semi-transparent skin]. Other species, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFCCDFDC6BFF6710C" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[842,937,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFCCDFDC6BFF6710C" box="[842,937,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFC3EFDC6B861710C" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[953,1086,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFC3EFDC6BF8B710C" box="[953,980,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB87FDC8B861710C" box="[1024,1086,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFBC8FDC6B8D2710C" box="[1103,1165,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFB12FDC7B91E710C" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K." box="[1173,1345,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="767 - 773" refId="ref11109" refString="Ho, H. - C., Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K. (2008) A new species of Halicmetus (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the western Pacific, with comments on congeners. Zoological Studies, 47 (6), 767 - 773." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ho 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB47FDC6B8AD710C" box="[1216,1266,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFA06FDC6BC8E71E8" authorityName="Ho, Endo &amp; Sakamaki" authorityYear="2008" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFA06FDC6BC8E71E8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with their adults lack dorsal-fin rays, have numerous forked dermal spinules on the body surface, a larger eye, and a brown peritoneal membrane (
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFDDEFD1FBF5871C4" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K." box="[601,775,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="767 - 773" refId="ref11109" refString="Ho, H. - C., Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K. (2008) A new species of Halicmetus (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the western Pacific, with comments on congeners. Zoological Studies, 47 (6), 767 - 773." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ho 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFD03FD1EBEE371C4" box="[644,700,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57E6F4CFF40FD3BB9DC7054" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
After examining a large collection of specimens from the Indo–West Pacific, we identified a species with a marbled colour pattern on the dorsal surface, usually with dorsal-fin rays (about one-fifth of examined specimens lacked rays), a small eye, and pale peritoneal membrane, typical of 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFC0DFD72B8C07078" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[906,1183,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="ruber" variety="marmorata">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFC0DFD72BFB57079" box="[906,1002,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. ruber</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFBA6FD72B8C07078" box="[1057,1183,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The taxon is elevated as an objective available name of species rank and redescribed below on the basis of newly collected specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B1F5F62C57E6F4CFF40FCCBB90E70C8" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFF40FCCBBD377031" bold="true" box="[199,360,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Valid species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFEF6FCCBBDAE7031" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[369,497,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFEF6FCCBBDAE7031" box="[369,497,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Halicmetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented in the Indo–Pacific by six valid nominal taxa: 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFB31FCCAB9797031" authority="Ho &amp; Last, 2018" authorityName="Ho &amp; Last" authorityYear="2018" box="[1206,1318,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drypus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB31FCCAB9797031" box="[1206,1318,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. drypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFAA8FCCBB92F7031" bold="true" box="[1327,1392,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32E73E0BC57E6F4CFAA8FCCBB92F7031" box="[1327,1392,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFA06FCCABDE870EC" authority="Weber, 1913" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFA06FCCABD7F70EC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. marmoratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFEA0FCE8BDE870EC" author="Weber, M." box="[295,439,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" refId="ref11564" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 710 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="1913">Weber, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFE45FCE6BF3170EC" authority="Ho, Endo &amp; Sakamaki, 2008" authorityName="Ho, Endo &amp; Sakamaki" authorityYear="2008" box="[450,878,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFE45FCE6BE4070EC" box="[450,543,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. niger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFDA0FCE7BF3170EC" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K." box="[551,878,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="767 - 773" refId="ref11109" refString="Ho, H. - C., Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K. (2008) A new species of Halicmetus (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the western Pacific, with comments on congeners. Zoological Studies, 47 (6), 767 - 773." type="journal article" year="2008">Ho, Endo &amp; Sakamaki, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFCFEFCE6B97070EC" authority="Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe in Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[889,1327,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFCFEFCE6B84D70EC" box="[889,1042,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. reticulatus</emphasis>
Smith &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFB07FCE8B97070EC" author="Radcliffe, L." box="[1152,1327,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref11499" refString="Radcliffe, L. (1912) New pediculate fishes from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. [Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; 1907 - 1910. No. 16]. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 42 (1896), 199 - 214, pls. 16 - 27." type="journal article" year="1912">Radcliffe, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFABCFCE6BD6F70C8" authority="Alcock, 1891" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFABCFCE6B9C470EC" box="[1339,1435,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. ruber</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFF10FC03BD6F70C8" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[151,304,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="16 - 34" refId="ref10699" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1891) Class Pisces. In: II. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Series II. No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (43 / 44), pp. 16 - 34 + 119 - 138, pls. 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1891">Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFEECFC02BE4070C9" authority="Ho &amp; Last, 2018" authorityName="Ho &amp; Last" authorityYear="2018" box="[363,543,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="westraliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFEECFC02BE4070C9" box="[363,543,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H. westraliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFDA1FC03BE3A70C9" bold="true" box="[550,613,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32E73E0BC57E6F4CFDA1FC03BE3A70C9" box="[550,613,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and one undescribed species, 
<taxonomicName id="DCA024E1C57E6F4CFC38FC02B81C70C9" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" box="[959,1091,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halicmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFC38FC02BF8470C8" box="[959,987,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">H.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB82FC03B81C70C9" box="[1029,1091,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFBD3FC02B8CD70C8" box="[1108,1170,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F312293C57E6F4CFB1EFC02B91A70C8" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K." box="[1177,1349,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="767 - 773" refId="ref11109" refString="Ho, H. - C., Endo, H. &amp; Sakamaki, K. (2008) A new species of Halicmetus (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the western Pacific, with comments on congeners. Zoological Studies, 47 (6), 767 - 773." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ho 
<emphasis id="29D48370C57E6F4CFB45FC02B8A470C9" box="[1218,1275,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>