602 lines
67 KiB
XML
602 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="9719C44ECA8C37F0B4962116CED790DD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5161267" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5161267" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628118067756" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shelley, Rowland M., McAllister, Chris T., Nagy, Christopher M., Weckel, Mark E., Christie, Roderick G., Wilson, Paul & Wilson, Allan" docDate="2011" docId="03F787E1FFD7A32B13F10FA8FCAF253B" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0194.1-8.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2011 (194)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Boraria stricta" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFCEFF99FFD4A32E13310A4BFF9E2360" masterDocTitle="Distribution of the American milliped genus Boraria Chamberlin, 1943: Introductions of B. stricta (Brölemann, 1896) in New York and B infesta (Chamberlin, 1918) in Connecticut; indigenous occurrence of B profuga (Causey, 1955) in Louisiana (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)." masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699035055634" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="B4D0EF3FE1195E543F4477E16CBECCD0">Distribution of the American milliped genus Boraria Chamberlin, 1943: Introductions of B. stricta (Brölemann, 1896) in New York and B infesta (Chamberlin, 1918) in Connecticut; indigenous occurrence of B profuga (Causey, 1955) in Louisiana (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E48BB04925C9560C12FA79271F335B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3775E8B769F909582296B28E3E3E8BDB">Shelley, Rowland M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6590695C2EA8C9A5D516678D54E4AC03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="89ECC311733D5367EE1C20CC49A2382D">McAllister, Chris T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD38BC8E6BADB6D835DA6023228F4E72">Nagy, Christopher M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5F448A9337EB5367DEA75BE82E7EA310">Weckel, Mark E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28E98FE89888C34802D3659C127B365A">Christie, Roderick G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8FA5BF6A528E13973D5265085DB09BE">Wilson, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC50F311DC91FF9358F2E90509F875FD">Wilson, Allan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2C0BBB6CCBF55795014BB15ECBBA0102">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E2CF5FB549CE105B6AE9BE1206E88257">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EF0BA9EB94D979F039E9D04C4C8D7667">
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<mods:date id="73E8F6D62055837FB0636B001B3AB2C9">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="01750CC73E413E594C9CF77FCD3DBCC1">2011-09-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="ECFB045630B6A69D2CA23EABF7E89CE0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5BFAEE5D2BD46A670CF5EDB45751234C">2011</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3BBDC972FBBB4DDD67C850EB49664FF0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C16268DB20C4772380BA7E6EFCB91317">194</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B1B0B40A0ED20E828869BAA86D5A5644">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="8BE15273D1C066357C69817AD00A2D4A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="79C01154901B9F73C881072432652721" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5161267</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="67FFB8C18198A6B3B0320367407155D1" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9DEE6532266FB16A842AA8796C8F2DDB" type="Zenodo-Dep">5161267</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F787E1FFD7A32B13F10FA8FCAF253B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787E1FFD7A32B13F10FA8FCAF253B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787E1FFD7A32B13F10FA8FCAF253B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C344657CFFD7A32D13F10FA8FCBE269B" box="[192,800,1506,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD7A32D13F10FA8FCBE269B" blockId="3.[192,800,1506,1531]" box="[192,800,1506,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0A9819BFFD7A32D13F10FA8FCBE269B" bold="true" box="[192,800,1506,1531]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD7A32D13F10FA8FD0E269B" ID-CoL="5WPMX" authority="(Brolemann, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[192,656,1506,1531]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD7A32D13F10FA8FD0E269B" bold="true" box="[192,656,1506,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD7A32D13F10FA8FE10269B" bold="true" box="[192,398,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Boraria stricta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD7A32D12AF0FA9FD19269B" author="Brolemann, H. W." box="[414,647,1506,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="43 - 70" refId="ref5263" refString="Brolemann, H. W. 1896. Liste de myriapodes des Etats-Unis, et principalement de la Caroline du Nord, faisant partie des collections de M. Eugene Simon. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 65: 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1896">Brölemann, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13652A72FFD7A32D11AF0FA8FD63269B" box="[670,765,1507,1531]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="4.[192,289,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1105]" captionTargetId="figure-288@4.[192,1440,192,1105]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 1-4. Boraria spp. 1) A cluster of B. stricta under leaves on saturated substrate at Mianus River Gorge Preserve, Westchester Co., New York. 2) An individual of B. stricta climbing a log at this site; note the juvenile in the depression left of center. 3) A tributary of the Mianus River in the Preserve showing leaf litter and the surrounding deciduous forest, an ideal environment for B. stricta. 4) B. infesta from Avon, Hartford Co., Connecticut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5161271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5161271/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1-2</figureCitation>
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, 5)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C344657CFFD7A32B13C10C68FB56217B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD7A32A13C10C68FD3E2655" blockId="3.[192,1441,1571,1916]" lastBlockId="4.[192,1441,1277,1845]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD7A32D13C10C68FE03255B" bold="true" box="[240,413,1571,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD7A32D129D0C6FFDFD255B" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[428,611,1572,1595]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD7A32D129D0C6FFDFD255B" box="[428,611,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Boraria stricta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only representative in
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D10880C68FBEB255B" box="[953,1141,1571,1595]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D17830C68FA89255B" box="[1202,1303,1571,1595]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Georgia</collectingRegion>
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, occupies a large, continuous area with one and perhaps two proximate allopatric populations and a distant introduced one. The continuous area extends, north/south, from northern Floyd Co.,
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D17AD0C28FA98251B" box="[1180,1286,1635,1659]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Virginia</collectingRegion>
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, to northern Lumpkin Co.,
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D12590CC8FE5425FB" box="[360,458,1667,1691]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Georgia</collectingRegion>
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; east-west, it ranges from the western Piedmont Plateau of
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D17B20CC8FAA725FB" box="[1155,1337,1667,1691]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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(Wilkes, Burke, and Rutherford counties) and the westcentral Piedmont of
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D10F50CE8FBE625DB" box="[964,1144,1699,1723]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
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(Union and Spartanburg counties) to the western periphery of the Blue Ridge Province in
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D10E20C88FBA425BB" box="[979,1082,1731,1755]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Virginia</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D17440C8FFB6925BB" box="[1141,1271,1732,1755]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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(Fig. 13). The milliped has not been encountered in
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D114A0CAFFD67259B" box="[635,761,1764,1787]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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south of the GSMNP, so the area encloses the indigenous occurrences of both
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD7A32D12840D4FFDB5247B" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[437,555,1795,1819]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infesta">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD7A32D12840D4FFDB5247B" box="[437,555,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">B. infesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD7A32D11590D4FFC8D247B" baseAuthorityName="Causey" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[616,787,1795,1819]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deturkiana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD7A32D11590D4FFC8D247B" box="[616,787,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">B. deturkiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except for the Monroe Co.,
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D17560D4FFB72247B" box="[1127,1260,1796,1819]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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, locality of the former. In addition to the allopatric population in the Kings/Crowders Mountains Inselberg, the Bland Co. locality, around
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<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD7A32D12BE0D08FE40243B" box="[399,478,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD7A32D12C10D08FDA7243B" box="[496,569,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="mi" value="30.0">30 mi</quantity>
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) west of the main area, may represent such in
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD7A32D17A80D08FA9A243B" box="[1177,1284,1859,1883]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Virginia</collectingRegion>
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. This record establishes the genus and species in the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province and suggests occur- rence in the Appalachian Plateaus Province (Allegheny Mountains) in southern
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<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A17BB0EB6FAA92675" box="[1162,1335,1277,1301]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
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, only
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<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A164A0EB6FF762655" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="9.6">9.6 km</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A13C60F56FEB32655" box="[247,301,1309,1333]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi</quantity>
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) to the northwest (Fig. 12-13).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF21667FFFD0A32A13F10E25FA3F27BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5161271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5161271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5161271/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" startId="4.[192,289,1134,1156]" targetBox="[192,1440,192,1105]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD0A32A13F10E25FA3F27BC" blockId="4.[192,1441,1134,1244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A13F10E25FECD27E4" bold="true" box="[192,339,1134,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figures 1-4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A126B0E3BFE6527E4" box="[346,507,1134,1157]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A126B0E3BFE2F27E5" box="[346,433,1136,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Boraria</emphasis>
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spp.
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A12DC0E25FE6527E4" bold="true" box="[493,507,1134,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">1</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A12CB0E25FD9D27E4" bold="true" box="[506,515,1134,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">)</emphasis>
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A cluster of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A11A20E3BFD6427E5" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[659,762,1136,1157]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A11A20E3BFD6427E5" box="[659,762,1136,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B. stricta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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under leaves on saturated substrate at Mianus River Gorge Preserve, Westchester Co., New York.
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A115B0EC0FD1F27C1" bold="true" box="[618,641,1163,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2)</emphasis>
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An individual of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A100F0EC6FC3A27C2" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[830,932,1165,1186]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A100F0EC6FC3A27C2" box="[830,932,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B. stricta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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climbing a log at this site; note the juvenile in the depression left of center.
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<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A11220EE3FDB427DE" bold="true" box="[531,554,1192,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">3)</emphasis>
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A tributary of the Mianus River in the Preserve showing leaf litter and the surrounding deciduous forest, an ideal environment for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A10240E8DFCE827BB" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[789,886,1222,1243]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10240E8DFCE827BB" box="[789,886,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10B30E8EFC0627BB" bold="true" box="[898,920,1221,1243]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">4)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A10AC0E8DFB9D27BB" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[925,1027,1222,1243]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10AC0E8DFB9D27BB" box="[925,1027,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B. infesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Avon, Hartford Co., Connecticut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD0A32A13C10F76FCBA2695" blockId="4.[192,1441,1277,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A12150F76FE022635" box="[292,412,1341,1365]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
population, some
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A11430F76FD542635" box="[626,714,1341,1365]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="704.0">704 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A11E90F76FCB42635" box="[728,810,1341,1365]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0811136" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mi" value="440.0">440 mi</quantity>
|
||
) to the north-northeast (Fig. 12), constitutes the first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A121D0F15FE072615" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[300,409,1374,1397]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A121D0F15FE072615" box="[300,409,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outside the general southern Appalachian region. In the 115 years since its description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A13F90F36FE0C26F5" author="Brolemann, H. W." box="[200,402,1405,1429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="43 - 70" refId="ref5263" refString="Brolemann, H. W. 1896. Liste de myriapodes des Etats-Unis, et principalement de la Caroline du Nord, faisant partie des collections de M. Eugene Simon. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 65: 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1896">Brölemann 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), copious samplings in suitable environments to the north in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A17550F36FB5526F5" box="[1124,1227,1405,1429]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A17E40F36FAD126F5" box="[1237,1359,1405,1429]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A16690F36FEB226D5" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A125C0FD6FE7726D5" box="[365,489,1437,1461]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
have not yielded a single individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A10FC0FD5FBA026D5" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[973,1086,1438,1461]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10FC0FD5FBA026D5" box="[973,1086,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so its occurrence in Mianus River Gorge Preserve (MRGP) can only be interpreted as a rare, intra-continental, human aided introduction that has established a reproducing population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD0A32A13C10FB6FD2E2595" blockId="4.[192,1441,1277,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A13C10FB6FE692575" bold="true" box="[240,503,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Published records.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A12CE0FB5FDF92575" box="[511,615,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A12CE0FB5FDF92575" box="[511,615,1534,1557]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A11490FB6FCA32575" box="[632,829,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Floyd, Franklin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A107C0FB6FC2B2574" box="[845,949,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Grayson</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10CD0FB6FB5A2575" box="[1020,1220,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Patrick counties</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A17E50FB6FEE22555" author="Chamberlin, R. V. & R. L. Hoffman" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref5421" refString="Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1958">Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A12BF0C56FDD42555" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[398,586,1565,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="305 - 348" refId="ref5699" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1965. Revision of the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 305 - 348." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A116D0C56FD002555" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[604,670,1565,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref5803" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8: 1 - 584." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A11870C55FCAB2555" box="[694,821,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A11870C55FCAB2555" box="[694,821,1566,1589]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A107B0C56FB0A2555" box="[842,1172,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Blount, Greene, Johnson,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A17ED0C56FA3E2555" box="[1244,1440,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Sevier counties</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A13F90C76FDD32535" author="Chamberlin, R. V. & R. L. Hoffman" box="[200,589,1597,1621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref5421" refString="Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1958">Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A11680C76FC932535" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[601,781,1597,1621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="305 - 348" refId="ref5699" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1965. Revision of the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 305 - 348." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A102E0C76FC402535" box="[799,990,1597,1621]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A102E0C76FC402535" box="[799,990,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
North
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A10410C76FC402535" authority=": Alexander, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Clay, Cleveland, Gaston, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, and Yancey" authorityName="Alexander, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Clay, Cleveland, Gaston, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, and Yancey" box="[880,990,1597,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10DC0C76FB202515" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Alexander, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Clay, Cleveland, Gaston, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A17FD0C15FA812515" box="[1228,1311,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Macon</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A161D0C16FD8125F4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Madison, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A111E0C36FD4825F5" box="[559,726,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Transylvania</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A11D70C35FCCB25F5" box="[742,853,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Watauga</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10540C36FC2925F5" box="[869,951,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Wilkes</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10CF0C35FB5D25F5" box="[1022,1219,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Yancey counties</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A17E50C36FEF125D5" author="Chamberlin, R. V. & R. L. Hoffman" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref5421" refString="Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1958">Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A12480CD6FDB725D5" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[377,553,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="305 - 348" refId="ref5699" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1965. Revision of the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 305 - 348." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A11020CD6FDEF25D5" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[563,625,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref5803" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8: 1 - 584." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A114A0CD6FC0D25D5" author="Filka, M. E. & R. M. Shelley" box="[635,915,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref5488" refString="Filka, M. E., and R. M. Shelley. 1980. The milliped fauna of the Kings Mountain region of North Carolina (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Brimleyana 4: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1980">Filka and Shelley 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A10AC0CD6FBA325D5" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[925,1085,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="177 - 205" refId="ref6135" refString="Shelley, R. M. 2000. Annotated checklist of the millipeds of North Carolina (Arthropoda: Diplopoda), with remarks on the genus Sigmoria Chamberlin (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 116 (3): 177 - 205." type="journal article" year="2000">Shelley 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A177D0CD6FA9725D5" box="[1100,1289,1693,1717]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A177D0CD6FA9725D5" box="[1100,1289,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
South
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD0A32A17AD0CD6FA9725D5" authority=": Oconee" authorityName="Oconee" box="[1180,1289,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A16270CD6FAF225D4" box="[1302,1388,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Oconee</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A13F10CF6FEFE25B5" box="[192,352,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A13F10CF6FF6725B5" box="[192,249,1725,1749]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">York</collectingRegion>
|
||
counties
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A125D0CF6FD8425B5" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[364,538,1725,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="305 - 348" refId="ref5699" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1965. Revision of the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 305 - 348." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A11120CF6FCA925B5" author="Filka, M. E. & R. M. Shelley" box="[547,823,1725,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref5488" refString="Filka, M. E., and R. M. Shelley. 1980. The milliped fauna of the Kings Mountain region of North Carolina (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Brimleyana 4: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1980">Filka and Shelley 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10770CF6FC3A25B4" box="[838,932,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A10770CF6FC3A25B4" box="[838,932,1725,1748]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A10830CF5FB8D25B5" box="[946,1043,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Dawson</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A177A0CF6FA9C25B5" box="[1099,1282,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Rabun counties</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A163E0CF6FE3D2595" author="Chamberlin, R. V. & R. L. Hoffman" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref5421" refString="Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1958">Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A129D0C96FDC52595" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[428,603,1757,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="305 - 348" refId="ref5699" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1965. Revision of the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 305 - 348." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD0A32A11540C96FD3A2595" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[613,676,1757,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref5803" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8: 1 - 584." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD0A32A13C10CB6FA8C2455" blockId="4.[192,1441,1277,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A13C10CB6FE382475" bold="true" box="[240,422,1789,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">New records.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A129A0CB5FD8D2475" box="[427,531,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD0A32A129A0CB5FD8D2475" box="[427,531,1790,1813]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A11130CB6FD0B2474" box="[546,661,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Bland Co</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A119B0CB6FD632475" box="[682,765,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="2.4">2.4 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A103D0CB6FCC92475" box="[780,855,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mi" value="1.5">1.5 mi</quantity>
|
||
S Suiter, M,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD0A32A10C60CB6FB3E2475" box="[1015,1184,1789,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="1980-04-26">26 April 1980</date>
|
||
, D.W. Ogle (VMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD0A32A13F10D56FEB02454" box="[192,302,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Floyd Co</emphasis>
|
||
., Twin Falls,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A12E70D56FDB42455" box="[470,554,1821,1845]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="2.6">2.6 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD0A32A11080D56FD182455" box="[569,646,1821,1845]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5749504" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mi" value="1.6">1.6 mi</quantity>
|
||
) W Copper Hill, M,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD0A32A104A0D56FB922455" box="[891,1036,1821,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="1974-07-02">2 July 1974</date>
|
||
, D. Surface (VMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD1A32B13C10A8FFD3C227B" blockId="5.[192,1441,195,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B13C10A8FFEF523BB" box="[240,363,196,219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B13C10A8FFEF523BB" box="[240,363,196,219]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12480A88FE7623BB" box="[377,488,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cocke Co</emphasis>
|
||
., Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Cosby Picnic Area, M,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B16B30A88FEA0239B" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1976-06-19">19 June 1976</date>
|
||
, R.M. Shelley (NCSM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B11630AAFFD5A239B" box="[594,708,228,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Sevier Co</emphasis>
|
||
., GSMNP, Roaring Fork Motor Nature Loop near Gatlinburg, M,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B13D70B48FE14227B" box="[230,394,259,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1976-06-19">19 June 1976</date>
|
||
, R.M. Shelley (NCSM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD1A32B13C10B68FBE6223B" blockId="5.[192,1441,195,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B13C10B68FE2F225B" box="[240,433,291,315]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B13C10B68FE2F225B" box="[240,433,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
South
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B12720B68FE2F225B" authority=": Spartanburg Co., Croft" authorityName="Spartanburg Co., Croft" box="[323,433,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12F30B68FD12225B" box="[450,652,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Spartanburg Co</emphasis>
|
||
., Croft State Park, M,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B10830B68FBE5225B" box="[946,1147,291,315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1976-08-20">20 August 1976</date>
|
||
, R.M. Shelley (NCSM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B13F10B0FFEAA223B" box="[192,308,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Union Co</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B127B0B08FE33223B" box="[330,429,323,347]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="10.2">10.2 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B128D0B08FD97223B" box="[444,521,323,347]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02998016" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="6.4">6.4 mi</quantity>
|
||
) NW Union, F,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B11FB0B08FCC5223B" box="[714,859,323,348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1977-05-02">2 May 1977</date>
|
||
, R.M. Shelley (NCSM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD1A32B13C10B2FFC8122BB" blockId="5.[192,1441,195,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B363CAAFFD1A32B13C10B2FFB3922FB" collectingDate="1891-04" collectingDateMax="1978-04-16" collectingDateMin="1891-04" collectionCode="R, NCSM, USNM" collectorName="M. Shelley & E. Ashton & Tallulah Falls, M & L. M. Underwood" country="Georgia" county="Dawson Co." location="Amicalola Falls State Park" municipality="Tallulah Falls" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B13C10B2FFECF221B" box="[240,337,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497667FFD1A32B13C10B2FFECF221B" box="[240,337,356,379]" name="Georgia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62804E7BFFD1A32B12500B2FFE6A221B" box="[353,500,356,379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12500B2FFE70221B" box="[353,494,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Dawson Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81602CFFD1A32B11340B28FCC4221B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787E1FFD7A32B13F10FA8FCAF253B:8E81602CFFD1A32B11340B28FCC4221B" box="[517,858,355,379]" country="Georgia" county="Dawson Co." municipality="Tallulah Falls" name="Amicalola Falls State Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Amicalola Falls State Park</location>
|
||
, 2M,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B10AE0B28FBD3221B" box="[927,1101,355,379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1978-04-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4E9DFFFD1A32B10AE0B28FBD3221B" box="[927,1101,355,379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1978-04-16">16 April 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B17680B2FFBF1221B" box="[1113,1135,356,379]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B17450B2FFB63221B" box="[1140,1277,355,379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">M. Shelley</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B16380B2FFABF221B" box="[1289,1313,356,379]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B16140B2FFA3E221B" box="[1317,1440,355,379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. Ashton</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B13F90BC8FEBE22FB" box="[200,288,387,411]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">NCSM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8E81602CFFD1A32B12030BC8FE7122FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787E1FFD7A32B13F10FA8FCAF253B:8E81602CFFD1A32B12030BC8FE7122FB" box="[306,495,387,411]" country="Georgia" county="Dawson Co." municipality="Tallulah Falls" name="Habersham Co." pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12030BC8FE7622FB" box="[306,488,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Habersham Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B12CD0BC8FD4C22FB" box="[508,722,387,411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85AC8DFFD1A32B12CD0BC8FD3222FB" box="[508,684,387,411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Tallulah Falls</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, M
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B11EC0BC8FCFE22FB" box="[733,864,387,411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1891-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4E9DFFFD1A32B11EC0BC8FCFE22FB" box="[733,864,387,411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1891-04">April 1891</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B105B0BCFFBA922FB" box="[874,1079,387,411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">L.M. Underwood</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B17740BC8FB0122FB" box="[1093,1183,387,411]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B363CAAFFD1A32B17800BC8FC8422BB" collectingDate="1978-04-16" collectingDateMax="1978-07-11" collectingDateMin="1978-04-16" collectionCode="R, NCSM" collectorName="Cornelia, M & M. Shelley & W. B. Jones & NE Dahlonega & E. Ashton" country="Georgia" county="Lumpkin Co." location="Lumpkin Co." pageId="5" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B17D40BC8FAE622FB" box="[1253,1400,387,411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cornelia, M</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B16B30BC8FEA722DB" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1978-07-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4E9DFFFD1A32B16B30BC8FEA722DB" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1978-07-11">11 July 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B12720BEFFEC722DB" box="[323,345,420,443]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B126D0BEFFE7E22DB" box="[348,480,419,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">M. Shelley</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B12DB0BEFFDEF22DB" box="[490,625,420,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">W.B. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B114F0BE8FD4822DB" box="[638,726,419,443]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">NCSM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62804E7BFFD1A32B11D40BE8FC1A22DB" box="[741,900,419,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B11D40BE8FCE222DB" box="[741,892,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Lumpkin Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B10A00BE8FC6F22DB" box="[913,1009,419,443]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="15.4">15.4 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B10CE0BE8FBD522DB" box="[1023,1099,419,443]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54497024" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="9.6">9.6 mi</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B17690BEFFA9222DB" box="[1112,1292,419,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">NE Dahlonega</collectorName>
|
||
, 3M, 3 juvs.,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B13F10B88FEF822BB" box="[192,358,451,475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1978-04-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4E9DFFFD1A32B13F10B88FEF822BB" box="[192,358,451,475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="1978-04-16">16 April 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B12410B8FFE1822BB" box="[368,390,452,475]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B12BB0B8FFD9122BB" box="[394,527,451,475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">M. Shelley</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B11280B8FFDAF22BB" box="[537,561,452,475]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5321FFD1A32B11040B8FFD3222BB" box="[565,684,451,475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. Ashton</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE32FFD1A32B118B0B88FC8C22BB" box="[698,786,451,475]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">NCSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD1A32B13C10BAFFB56217B" blockId="5.[192,1441,195,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B13C10BAFFEF4229B" box="[240,362,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B13C10BAFFEF4229B" box="[240,362,483,507]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B124B0BA8FDAD229B" box="[378,563,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Westchester Co</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B11780BA8FD30229B" box="[585,686,483,507]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bedford" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bedford</collectingRegion>
|
||
, MRGP (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5030FFD1A32B10110BA8FC4F229B" box="[800,977,481,507]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="11.5" value="41.186527">
|
||
41
|
||
<superScript id="7C2B9BBFFFD1A32B100F0BAAFCD8228F" attach="left" box="[830,838,481,495]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
11’ 11.5”N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5030FFD1A32B10EF0BA8FB0A229B" box="[990,1172,481,507]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="15.4" value="-73.62095">
|
||
73
|
||
<superScript id="7C2B9BBFFFD1A32B10CD0BAAFB9A228F" attach="left" box="[1020,1028,481,495]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
37’ 15.4”W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10M, 9F, 2 juvs.,
|
||
<date id="FFE01037FFD1A32B16B30BA8FEDA217B" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2010-04-30">30 April 2010</date>
|
||
, C. Nagy (NCSM, FSCA).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B11B10848FB56217B" bold="true" box="[640,1224,515,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Introduced Population, New State Record.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344657CFFD1A32B13C10868FCAF253B" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD1A32B13C10868FBA2219B" blockId="5.[192,1441,195,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B13C10868FEEF215B" bold="true" box="[240,369,547,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The apically subhastate gonopods (Fig. 5), coupled with the bimaculate, yellow/black color pattern and the relatively narrow body proportions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13652A72FFD1A32B10090808FC0C213B" box="[824,914,579,603]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="4.[192,289,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1105]" captionTargetId="figure-288@4.[192,1440,192,1105]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 1-4. Boraria spp. 1) A cluster of B. stricta under leaves on saturated substrate at Mianus River Gorge Preserve, Westchester Co., New York. 2) An individual of B. stricta climbing a log at this site; note the juvenile in the depression left of center. 3) A tributary of the Mianus River in the Preserve showing leaf litter and the surrounding deciduous forest, an ideal environment for B. stricta. 4) B. infesta from Avon, Hartford Co., Connecticut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5161271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5161271/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1-2</figureCitation>
|
||
) distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B1702080FFB3F213B" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1075,1185,580,603]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B1702080FFB3F213B" box="[1075,1185,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from congeneric species and sympatric xystodesmids. It inhabits deciduous leaf litter and typical xystodesmid environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B13F908C8FEFA21FB" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[200,356,643,667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref6103" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1981. Revision of the milliped genus Sigmoria (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 33: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1981">Shelley 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B125F08C8FD5D21FB" author="Shelley, R. M. & D. R. Whitehead" box="[366,707,643,667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6186" refString="Shelley, R. M., and D. R. Whitehead. 1986. A reconsideration of the milliped genus Sigmoria, with a revision of Deltotaria and an analysis of the genera in the tribe Apheloriini (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 35: 1 - 223." type="journal article" year="1986">Shelley and Whitehead 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but is unique in tolerating saturated, muddy/mucky biotopes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13652A72FFD1A32B13F808E8FE9021DB" box="[201,270,675,699]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="4.[192,289,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1105]" captionTargetId="figure-288@4.[192,1440,192,1105]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 1-4. Boraria spp. 1) A cluster of B. stricta under leaves on saturated substrate at Mianus River Gorge Preserve, Westchester Co., New York. 2) An individual of B. stricta climbing a log at this site; note the juvenile in the depression left of center. 3) A tributary of the Mianus River in the Preserve showing leaf litter and the surrounding deciduous forest, an ideal environment for B. stricta. 4) B. infesta from Avon, Hartford Co., Connecticut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5161271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5161271/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) even with small amounts of standing water.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B107408E8FB9921DB" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[837,1031,675,699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="305 - 348" refId="ref5699" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1965. Revision of the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 305 - 348." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoffman (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B178C08EFFAB021DB" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1213,1326,676,699]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B178C08EFFAB021DB" box="[1213,1326,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “more nearly semiaquatic than any other milliped I know,” and a likely spot to encounter it is on or beside a trail at a stream/creek crossing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B113808A8FD24219B" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[521,698,739,763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="11 - 33" refId="ref5581" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1950. Records and descriptions of diplopods from the southern Appalachians. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 66 (1): 11 - 33." type="journal article" year="1950">Hoffman 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, personal observations of RMS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136F7FFD1A32B13C10948FCAF253B" blockId="5.[192,1441,195,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Mianus River Gorge Preserve (http://www.mianus.org/) is located approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B17D20948FAA6207B" box="[1251,1336,771,795]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
|
||
(1.0 mi) south of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B12170968FE14205B" box="[294,394,803,827]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bedford" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bedford</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B12A5096FFD8E205B" box="[404,528,803,827]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B112B0968FDE5205B" box="[538,635,803,827]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="41.6">41.6 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B11B90968FD53205B" box="[648,717,803,827]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1842944" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="26.0">26 mi</quantity>
|
||
) northeast of the Bronx, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B171D0968FBE9205B" box="[1068,1143,803,827]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B17B40968FB57205B" box="[1157,1225,803,827]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 mi</quantity>
|
||
) north-northwest of Stamford,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B12680908FE70203B" box="[345,494,835,859]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In 2000, a xystodesmid with the color pattern and body proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B1602090FFA3E203B" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1331,1440,836,859]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B1602090FFA3E203B" box="[1331,1440,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first observed in the damp, cool gorge habitat, which consists primarily of post-agricultural oakhickory woodlands and old-growth eastern hemlock stands, and hence is similar to the milliped’s native Appalachian environments. Based on known distributions, the only xystodesmids expected in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B13F1098FFEAB20BB" box="[192,309,963,987]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B12540988FCE020BB" authority="(Wood, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Wood" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[357,894,963,987]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Apheloria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiensis" subSpecies="corrugata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12540988FD4120BB" box="[357,735,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Apheloria virginiensis corrugata</emphasis>
|
||
(Wood, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B10B6098FFEC2209B" authority="trimaculata (Wood, 1864)" authorityName="trimaculata (Wood" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Wood" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Sigmoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trimaculata" subGenus="Rudiloria" subSpecies="trimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B10B6098FFC6B20BB" box="[903,1013,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Sigmoria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B17330988FBEB20BB" box="[1026,1141,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Rudiloria</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B17B30988FA3E20BB" box="[1154,1440,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">trimaculata trimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Wood, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B12A909A8FCCC209B" authority="Rafinesque, 1820" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[408,850,995,1019]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Pleuroloma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12A909A8FD1C209B" box="[408,642,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Pleuroloma flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
Rafinesque, 1820
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B106E09A8FC73209B" author="Bailey, J. W." box="[863,1005,995,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="5 - 50" refId="ref5204" refString="Bailey, J. W. 1928. The Chilopoda of New York state with notes on the Diplopoda. New York State Museum Bulletin 276: 5 - 50." type="journal article" year="1928">Bailey 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B10C709A8FBE3209B" author="Blake, C. H." box="[1014,1149,995,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="15 - 19" refId="ref5235" refString="Blake, C. H. 1931. Notes on New England millipedes. Bulletin of the Boston Society of Natural History 60: 15 - 19." type="journal article" year="1931">Blake 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B17B609AFFA99209B" author="Jacot, P." box="[1159,1287,995,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="571 - 574" refId="ref5875" refString="Jacot, P. 1938. Four new arthropods from New England. American Midland Naturalist 29 (3): 571 - 574." type="journal article" year="1938">Jacot 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B162009A8FF61277B" author="Chamberlin, R. V." pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="56 - 59" refId="ref5396" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. 1940. On some chilopods and diplopods from North Carolina. Canadian Entomologist 72: 56 - 59." type="journal article" year="1940">Chamberlin 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B12380E4FFE09277B" author="Eaton, T. H." box="[265,407,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="713 - 723" refId="ref5456" refString="Eaton, T. H. 1943. Biology of a mull-forming millipede, Apheloria coriacea (Koch). American Midland Naturalist 29 (3): 713 - 723." type="journal article" year="1943">Eaton 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B12930E48FDCA277B" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[418,596,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref5552" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1949. The identity of Apheloria coriacea (Diplopoda, Xystodesmidae). American Museum Novitates Number 1405: 1 - 6." type="book chapter" year="1949">Hoffman 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B116F0E48FD02277B" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[606,668,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref5615" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1951. Subspecies of the milliped Apheloria trimaculata (Wood) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Chicago Academy of Sciences Natural History Miscellanea 81: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1951">1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B11960E48FD7B277B" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[679,741,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="183 - 188" refId="ref5651" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1957. The status of Fontaria coriacea Koch and of Polydesmus corrugatus Wood: A most regrettable tangle of names in the Diplopoda (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70: 183 - 188." type="journal article" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B11C10E48FCB1277B" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[752,815,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref5803" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8: 1 - 584." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B10080E48FC44277B" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[825,986,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="129 - 168" refId="ref6073" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1980. Revision of the milliped genus Pleuroloma (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 58: 129 - 168." type="journal article" year="1980">Shelley 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B10D50E4FFBE6277B" author="Kevan, D. K." box="[996,1144,1027,1051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="2956 - 2975" refId="ref5900" refString="Kevan, D. K. McE. 1983. A preliminary survey of known and potentially Canadian millipedes (Diplopoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 2956 - 2975." type="journal article" year="1983">Kevan 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B17B20E48FF61275B" author="Shelley, R. M. & D. R. Whitehead" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref6186" refString="Shelley, R. M., and D. R. Whitehead. 1986. A reconsideration of the milliped genus Sigmoria, with a revision of Deltotaria and an analysis of the genera in the tribe Apheloriini (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 35: 1 - 223." type="journal article" year="1986">Shelley and Whitehead 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the photo posted on the Bugguide website (http://bugguide.net/node/view/37) quickly eliminated the first two. With variable size and body proportions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B10BB0E08FBBB273B" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[906,1061,1091,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="129 - 168" refId="ref6073" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1980. Revision of the milliped genus Pleuroloma (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 58: 129 - 168." type="journal article" year="1980">Shelley 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B17060E0FFB2C273B" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[1079,1202,1091,1115]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Pleuroloma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B17060E0FFB2C273B" box="[1079,1202,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">P. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a possibility, so in summer 2009, CMN sent the Gorge sample to RMS, who recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B17120E2FFB0D271B" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1059,1171,1124,1147]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B17120E2FFB0D271B" box="[1059,1171,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which constitutes its first record outside the southern Appalachian region, some
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B10960EC8FB9A27FB" box="[935,1028,1155,1179]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="704.0">704 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B12FFD1A32B17250EC8FBF527FB" box="[1044,1131,1155,1179]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0811136" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="440.0">440 mi</quantity>
|
||
) to the south-southwest. Residential yards in the Gorge neighborhood are extensively landscaped with ornamental gardens and nursery plants, the probable source of the original introduction. The Preserve was systematically surveyed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B12030EAFFE3E279B" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[306,416,1252,1275]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B12030EAFFE3E279B" box="[306,416,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 2008-09 using the mustard solution method of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B06FFD1A32B10DF0EA8FBE2279B" author="Hale, C." box="[1006,1148,1251,1275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref5528" refString="Hale, C. 2007. Earthworms of the Great Lakes. Kollath and Stensaas Publishers; Duluth, Minnesota. 36 p." type="book" year="2007">Hale (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; density estimates of 4.1 + 13.9 individuals/m
|
||
<superScript id="7C2B9BBFFFD1A32B12850F4AFE23266F" attach="left" box="[436,445,1281,1295]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
||
(mean+ SD) throughout the area and 1.74 + 2.93 individuals/m
|
||
<superScript id="7C2B9BBFFFD1A32B179F0F4AFB29266F" attach="left" box="[1198,1207,1281,1295]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
||
at streamside plots (via visual and cover searches) indicate rapid population growth after introduction, which was at least 11 years ago based on the aforementioned first sighting in MRGP. Searches at nearby preserves in Westchester Co. (Ward Pound Ridge, Westmoreland Sanctuary, Greenburgh Nature
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B17100F28FBE6261B" box="[1057,1144,1379,1403]" country="France" name="Centre" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Center</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Teatown Lake Reservation, and Cranberry Lake) and Greenwich Audubon, Fairfield Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF815FFD1A32B10FD0FC8FBC126FB" box="[972,1119,1411,1435]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
|
||
, have not yielded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B161F0FCFFA0726FB" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1326,1433,1412,1435]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B161F0FCFFA0726FB" box="[1326,1433,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is commonly found in moist conditions under logs and in streambeds in MRGP but also inhabits nonriparian hardwood uplands and old-growth eastern hemlock stands that are comparatively dry and virtually devoid of deciduous vegetation. Staff and student researchers at the Preserve are investigating the ecological impact of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D74FFD1A32B129E0C4FFD83257B" baseAuthorityName="Brolemann" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[431,541,1540,1563]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Boraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAE5FFD1A32B129E0C4FFD83257B" box="[431,541,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on native species; monitoring this population and determining its extent in Westchester Co. constitute worthy projects for regional nature clubs and high school biology classes. Population ecology studies would also be productive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |