treatments-xml/data/03/CA/1A/03CA1A3CFF81FFA038E21AB08C6C63B3.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<mods:title id="748AF61CDA66B97ECC170CF4928C8897">Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CA1A3CFF81FFA038E21AB08C6C63B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8072413" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210651419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8072413" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA1A3CFF81FFA038E21AB08C6C63B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA1A3CFF81FFA038E21AB08C6C63B3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA038E21AB08AB160AB" box="[151,641,1223,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E21AB08AB160AB" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" box="[151,641,1223,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0941C46FF81FFA038E21AB08AB160AB" box="[151,641,1223,1250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA038E21AB08AB160AB" ID-CoL="3YCJ4" ID-ENA="1177221" authority="(Lacepede, 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[151,641,1223,1250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Mastacembelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21AB08AB160AB" bold="true" box="[151,641,1223,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21AB0898060AB" bold="true" box="[151,432,1223,1250]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mastacembelus armatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA039CA1AB08A4A60AB" author="Lacepede, B. G. E." box="[447,634,1223,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref58775" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1800) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Vol. 2. Plassan, Paris, lxiv + 632 pp., pls. 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1800">Lacepède, 1800</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA03AFD1ABF8B7A60AB" box="[648,842,1224,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA03AFD1ABF8B7A60AB" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" box="[648,842,1224,1250]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0941C46FF81FFA03AFD1ABF8B7A60AB" box="[648,842,1224,1250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="5">[N]—Zig-zag eel</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E21A9B8D5A61DF" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21A9B892A614F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1260,1286]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
Original description:
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA03A6D1A9B8C2A614F" ID-CoL="6QSCM" authority="Lacepede, 1800: 283" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityPageNumber="283" authorityYear="1800" box="[536,1050,1260,1286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Macrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA03A6D1A9B8B2F614F" box="[536,799,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Macrognathus armatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03B5C1A9B8C2A614F" author="Lacepede, B. G. E." box="[809,1050,1260,1286]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref58775" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1800) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Vol. 2. Plassan, Paris, lxiv + 632 pp., pls. 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1800">Lacepède, 1800: 283</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 286 [locality unknown; no
<typeStatus id="54D81588FF81FFA03D141A9A8DAC614E" box="[1377,1436,1261,1287]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">types</typeStatus>
known].—
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA039491B6789F96163" box="[316,457,1296,1322]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA03A161B678C516163" ID-CoL="6R4CL" authority="McClelland, 1842" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1842" box="[611,1121,1296,1322]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Macrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudatus">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA03A161B678B4A6163" box="[611,890,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Macrognathus caudatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03BFE1B678C516163" author="McClelland, J." box="[907,1121,1296,1322]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="560 - 589" refId="ref59378" refString="McClelland, J. (1842) On the fresh-water fishes collected by William Griffith, Esq., F. L. S. Madras Medical Service, during his travels under the orders of the Supreme Government of India, from 1835 to 1842. Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 2 (8), 560 - 589, pls. 6 + 15 + 18 + 21." type="journal article" year="1842">McClelland, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA03C031B6789AB6107" ID-CoL="72SDZ" authority="McClelland, 1843" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1843" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Macrognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA03C031B678DAC6163" box="[1142,1436,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Macrognathus hamiltonii</emphasis>
McClelland, 1843
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA039DB1B438BA66107" ID-CoL="3YCKK" authority="Hora, 1921" authorityName="Hora" authorityYear="1921" box="[430,918,1332,1359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Mastacembelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manipurensis">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA039DB1B438B306107" box="[430,768,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mastacembelus manipurensis</emphasis>
Hora, 1921
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA03BDC1B438DA76107" ID-CoL="3YCKQ" authority="Cuvier, 1832" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1832" box="[937,1431,1332,1358]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Mastacembelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA03BDC1B438CDE6107" box="[937,1262,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mastacembelus marmoratus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1832
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA038B21B2F8B5B613B" authority="Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[199,875,1368,1394]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Rhynchobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyacantha">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038B21B2F8A3E613B" box="[199,526,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Rhynchobdella polyacantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03A561B2F8B5B613B" author="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G." box="[547,875,1368,1394]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref52090" refString="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G. (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, lx + 584 pp., 110 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750" type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA03BF11B2F8DA7613B" ID-CoL="3YCLF" authority="Cuvier, 1832" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1832" box="[900,1431,1368,1394]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Mastacembelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponticerianus">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA03BF11B2F8CD1613B" box="[900,1249,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mastacembelus ponticerianus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1832
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FF81FFA038B21B0B8A8661DF" authority="Valenciennes, 1838" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1838" box="[199,694,1404,1430]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Mastacembelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venosus">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038B21B0B89E561DF" box="[199,469,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mastacembelus venosus</emphasis>
Valenciennes, 1838
</taxonomicName>
.—Revisions: None.—Illustration:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03C4A1B0A8CF761DF" author="Day, F." box="[1087,1223,1404,1431]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="781 - 807" refId="ref54157" refString="Day, F. (1876 a) On the fishes of Yarkand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 781 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 02616. x" type="book chapter" year="1876">Day (1876a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 73, fig. 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA038E21BD78AF16196" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E21BD78AF16196" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21BD7899161F3" bold="true" box="[151,417,1440,1466]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Status in
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA0397D1BD789AC61F3" box="[264,412,1440,1466]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
First record from Afghanistan by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03B531BD68B8761F3" author="Day, F." box="[806,951,1440,1467]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="781 - 807" refId="ref54157" refString="Day, F. (1876 a) On the fishes of Yarkand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 781 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 02616. x" type="book chapter" year="1876">Day (1876a)</bibRefCitation>
; confirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03C161BD78D2661F3" author="Coad, B. W." box="[1123,1302,1440,1466]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref52993" refString="Coad, B. W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i - v + 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1981">Coad (1981: 17</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03D561BD78DA761F3" author="Coad, B. W." box="[1315,1431,1440,1466]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref53196" refString="Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp." type="book" year="2014">2014: 309</bibRefCitation>
; 2015: 229).—Afghanistan materials: FMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA038E21B9F8C94630F" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E21B9F8C94630F" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21B9F89F2624B" bold="true" box="[151,450,1512,1538]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03A061B9F8B30624B" box="[627,768,1512,1538]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49A765C8FF81FFA03B7E1B9F8B7F624B" box="[779,847,1512,1538]" country="Afghanistan" name="Kabul" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kabul</collectingRegion>
River.—General distribution: South Asia, Southeast Asia,
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03972187A8943626F" box="[263,371,1548,1575]" name="China" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">East Asia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03909187B89EE626F" box="[380,478,1548,1574]" name="Pakistan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03992187B8A11626F" box="[487,545,1548,1574]" name="India" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03A21187A8AF1626E" box="[596,705,1549,1575]" name="Myanmar" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03A97187B8B79626F" box="[738,841,1548,1574]" name="Thailand" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thailand</collectingCountry>
;?
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03B28187B8B92626F" box="[861,930,1548,1574]" name="China" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
and?
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03BAA187B8C05626F" box="[991,1077,1548,1574]" name="Taiwan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.—Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater areas in plains and hills. The adults live in highland streams to lowland wetlands and are usually found in streams and rivers with a sand, pebble, or boulder substrate. They seldom leave the bottom except when disturbed. This species also occurs in still waters, both in coastal marshes and dry zone tanks. Sometimes it stays partially buried in a fine substrate, although they generally favor rivers, tanks, and streams with a rocky substrate and may be found in flowing or still water. During the day, this species remains hidden under rocks, with only the rostral appendage showing. In some poorly oxygenated streams, it rises to the surface intermittently for air. A nocturnal fish, it hunts on the substrate for insects, worms, crustaceans, and fish. This spiny eel feeds mainly on insects, insect larvae, worms, and sometimes fish. Freshwater.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA038E219278AF76323" box="[151,711,1872,1898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E219278AF76323" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" box="[151,711,1872,1898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E2192789946323" bold="true" box="[151,420,1872,1898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Economic importance.</emphasis>
Commercially important.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA038E219038999639F" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E219038999639F" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21903890F63C7" bold="true" box="[151,319,1908,1934]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Conservation.</emphasis>
Conservation status in
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFF81FFA03A4E19038AF863C7" box="[571,712,1908,1934]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA03B9619038C8A63C7" author="Fernado, M. &amp; Kotagama, O. &amp; de Alwis Goonatilake, S." box="[995,1210,1908,1934]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="60592409" refId="ref55203" refString="Fernado, M., Kotagama, O. &amp; de Alwis Goonatilake, S. (2019) Mastacembelus armatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019, e. T 166586 A 60592409. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 3. RLTS. T 166586 A 60592409. en" type="journal article" year="2019">
Fernado
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA03C3019028C4C63C7" box="[1093,1148,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).—Threats: EUT.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Moderate priority for conservation action.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FF81FFA038E219978C6C63B3" box="[151,1116,2016,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFF81FFA038E219978C6C63B3" blockId="43.[151,1437,1223,2042]" box="[151,1116,2016,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA038E21997893B63B3" bold="true" box="[151,267,2016,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFF81FFA0393419978AB863B3" author="Gholamhosseini, A. &amp; Razbanian, M. &amp; Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Eagderi, S." box="[321,648,2016,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="546 - 555" refId="ref56595" refString="Gholamhosseini, A., Razbanian, M., Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Eagderi, S. (2022) Molecular systematics and morphological variation in the Mesopotamian spiny eel Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae). The European Zoological Journal, 89 (1), 546 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 24750263.2022.2057604" type="journal article" year="2022">
Gholamhosseini
<emphasis id="B9177738FF81FFA0398B19968A0763B3" box="[510,567,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
for molecular systematics of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>